what is narrow-sense heritability? why do researchers estimate this metric (i.e., why is it important or relevant)?

Answers

Answer 1

Narrow-sense heritability is a measure of the proportion of phenotypic variance due to additive genetic effects. It is important for researchers to estimate this metric because it helps predict the potential response to selection in breeding programs and understand the genetic basis of complex traits.

Narrow-sense heritability (h^2) is an essential concept in quantitative genetics, focusing on the additive genetic variance component of the total phenotypic variance. It quantifies the degree to which offspring resemble their parents for a particular trait, thus providing insight into the genetic architecture of that trait. This metric is particularly useful in plant and animal breeding programs, where the objective is often to enhance specific traits through selective breeding. By estimating narrow-sense heritability, researchers can predict the response to selection and the rate of genetic progress.

Additionally, understanding narrow-sense heritability is relevant for researchers studying complex human traits and diseases, such as height or susceptibility to certain medical conditions. It helps identify the proportion of variation in these traits that can be attributed to genetic factors, enabling better understanding of their genetic basis and potential interventions. Estimating narrow-sense heritability can also inform the design of future genetic studies, including genome-wide association studies (GWAS), by providing information on the expected effect sizes and sample sizes required to detect significant associations between genetic variants and the trait of interest. Overall, narrow-sense heritability is a valuable metric for understanding and predicting the genetic basis of various traits across different organisms.

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Related Questions

How can the rate of the acetal formation be increased? Provide an example of such a reagent and explain how it increases the reaction rate

Answers

The rate of acetal formation can be increased by using a reagent that enhances the reaction rate.

When a protic solvent is used to catalyze the reaction, the reaction rate increases, because the solvent can easily donate a proton to the carbonyl compound, allowing for faster nucleophilic addition by the alcohol. The reaction rate can also be increased by using an acid catalyst, such as hydrochloric acid, which acts to protonate the carbonyl group and activate it towards nucleophilic attack. In addition to this, heating the reaction mixture can also accelerate the reaction rate

Acetal formation is a nucleophilic addition reaction that involves the reaction between an aldehyde or a ketone and an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst. The reaction is a reversible reaction that can proceed in either direction depending on the reaction conditions. To increase the rate of acetal formation, a number of reagents and reaction conditions can be used. One of the most common reagents used to catalyze the reaction is a protic solvent. The protic solvent can donate a proton to the carbonyl compound, thereby activating it towards nucleophilic attack by the alcohol. This results in an increase in the reaction rate, as the carbonyl compound is more reactive towards the alcohol. Examples of protic solvents that can be used to catalyze the reaction include methanol, ethanol, and water.

Another reagent that can be used to increase the reaction rate is an acid catalyst. The acid catalyst acts to protonate the carbonyl group, thereby activating it towards nucleophilic attack by the alcohol. The acid catalyst can be a strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid, or a weak acid, such as acetic acid. The use of an acid catalyst can result in an increase in the reaction rate, as the carbonyl compound is more reactive towards the alcohol. In addition to this, heating the reaction mixture can also accelerate the reaction rate, as it increases the kinetic energy of the reactant molecules and promotes faster collisions between them.
The rate of acetal formation can be increased by using a reagent that enhances the reaction rate. Examples of such reagents include protic solvents, acid catalysts, and heating the reaction mixture. Protic solvents can donate a proton to the carbonyl compound, thereby activating it towards nucleophilic attack by the alcohol. Acid catalysts can protonate the carbonyl group, activating it towards nucleophilic attack by the alcohol. Heating the reaction mixture can increase the kinetic energy of the reactant molecules and promote faster collisions between them.

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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Where are the formal (or "expressed" or "enumerated") powers of Congress listed (give article and
section)?
List 8 of them.

Answers

Answer:

The formal powers of Congress are listed in Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution.

Taxation and revenue collectionRegulation of commerceCoining of moneyMaintenance of militaryControl of post offices and post roadsPowers necessary and proper for carrying out other powersDeclaration of warRegulation of immigration and naturalization.

What types of information or skills have you learned throughout your life that have helped you survive in your current community? How did you learn these ideas?

Answers

Critical thinking is highly necessary and useful for everyone in any aspect of life and work since it is a very effective way of gaining new knowledge. It also improves skills such as presentation, speaking, and language abilities.

Critical thinking is a powerful tool for increasing creativity and self-reflection. Critical thinking is necessary for the scientific and social growth of every civilization. My psychology degree assisted me in honing my critical thinking abilities.

It is quite difficult to compete in today's environment without these talents.

As a result, it is up to instructors and mentors to create a properly developed system and courses for pupils. They may improve their reading, writing, speaking, and presentation abilities this way.

Several ways are utilized to enhance skill development, including the focused skill approach, content-based approaches, task-based approaches, and project-based approaches.

Management ability is highly crucial for every individual since it assists him/her in many aspects of life. An individual with management abilities has an edge over others.

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5. Identify the perspectives in Sociology. * US
(3 Points)
Conflic
Direct
Functionalist
Heretic
Interactionist
Machinist

Answers

Answer:

its interactionist, conflict, and functionalist

the cognitive-behavioral view of schizophrenia: a. provides a complete explanation for the origins and symptoms of schizophrenia. b. provides no explanation for the origins and symptoms of schizophrenia. c. has not been explored to further understand the origins and symptoms of schizophrenia. d. provides a partial explanation for the origins and symptoms of schizophrenia.

Answers

The cognitive-behavioral view of schizophrenia provides a complete explanation for the origins and symptoms of schizophrenia.

Cognitive models of schizophrenia posit that individuals' view of the self is encouraged through a combination of genetic vulnerability, early youth revel in, and environmental stressors later within the existence, and that those elements decide how inner and external reviews are interpreted.

According to a piece of writing on schizophrenia.com, written files identifying schizophrenia can be traced to Egypt, some distance back as the second one millennium BC. despair, dementia, as well as thought disturbances that are traditional in schizophrenia, are defined in detail in the Egyptian e-book of Hearts.

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help me out PLEASE! will give brainliest! ^^​

help me out PLEASE! will give brainliest! ^^

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Artifacts is a  object made by a human being, typically one of cultural or historical interest.

Examples

stone tools, pottery vessels,

Sociofacts is the structures and organizations of a culture which influence social actions

Example e families, governments, education systems, sports organizations, religious groups

Mentifacts  the shared ideas, values, and beliefs of a culture.

Examples  include religion, language, viewpoints, and ideas about right or wrong actions

Which position in the Louisiana executive branch oversees soil and water conservation in Louisiana?
A.Commissioner of agriculture
B.Head of the Environmental Protection Agency
C.Secretary of state
D.President of the Farm Bureau

Answers

Answer:

commissioner of agriculture

Explanation:

Answer:

the Answer is A: .Commissioner of agriculture

Explanation:

The commissioner of agriculture promotes Louisiana agriculture and forestry and oversees soil and water conservation.

Which city is located in the North Central Hills region?

Corinth
Oxford
Starkville
Tupelo

Answers

It's (Oxford )all the others are around

How did the United States try to limit the power of it's rivals in Asia?

Answers

??????????????????ridiieirjfjf

Where did the printing press originate? HELP PLEASE

Answers

Answer:

in the year 1440

Confucius taught that people should follow two basic principles in their lives. What are the two principles?
a.
concern for others and acting appropriately
b.
never lie and always obey the elderly
c.
respect for nature and public service
d.
modesty and a desire to work


Please select the best answer from the choices provided

A
B
C
D

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Confucian beliefs encouraged kind, humble behavior and the fulfillment of one's role in society.

HTH :)

Answer:

A

Explanation:

You answer me although i never ask you questions. What am i.

Answers

Answer:

Telephone

Explanation:

Which of these rights are guaranteed to all Americans by the First Amendment? Select four options.

Answers

I’m pretty sure this question has answer choices but you didn’t put them but the first amendment is FREEDOM OF SPEECH for example, you’re allowed to believe in whatever religion

37. what helped christian ideas spread around the mediterranean region by 325 c.e.?

Answers

The reason why Christianity was able to spread across the Mediterranean region in 325 CE was because Rome had unified the entire region and made travel more accessible.

Why did Christianity spread in the Mediterranean?

The Romans had control of the entire Mediterranean sea when Christianity first started out and this made travel in the region easier and safer.

The early apostles took advantage of this and travelled across the region to spread the Goods News of Christianity.

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What are three reasons why being informed is a good idea for citizens.

Answers

Answer:

1: You understand how things work  2: You feel like you can make good choices in politics/government 3: You know your opinions  

Explanation:

1: You understand how the system/government/law works

2: You feel like you can make good choices in politics/government bc you understand what's going on

3: You know where your values lie, your opinion and perspective on things

What principles were the new kind of government based on?

Answers

Answer:

separation of powers

checks and balances

federalism.

Explanation:

Answer fast please.
Source 2: North Carolina's differing decision to secede
*Secession wasn't an easy choice for many North Carolinians. Read the primary source
journal/diary excerpts below and use their words to help you determine if the person DID or
DID NOT support separating from the United States.
Quote 1: "Sister Frances is a terrible Unionist! Right or wrong, this 'Glorious Union' is every
thing. Now it is no longer glorious -- when it ceases to be voluntary, it degenerates into a
hideous oppression. Regret it heartily, mourn over it as for a lost friend, but do not seek to
enforce it". Catherine Anne Devereux, Feb 10, 1861.
4. Did Catherine Anne Devereux support secession? Or did she want North Carolina to stay
with the Union? HOW DO YOU KNOW?
Quote 2: "It is well known that I am far from believing his election (the election of Abraham
Lincoln) is a cause for abandonment of the Government of our Fathers, and especially for its
overthrow by unlawful violence ... All such proceedings are based on the mistaken
assumptions.. he (the president) is but a chief servant among the national household.".
William A Graham to Alfred M. Waddell Feb 5, 1861
5. Did William A. Graham support secession? Or did he want North Carolina to stay with the
Union? HOW DO YOU KNOW?

Answers

It ok I’m here want some candy ok nvm here’s amen to god we are here

a light year equals about

Answers

Answer:

5.88 trillion miles

Explanation:

this question is not a social studies questions its a science question

Answer:

A light-year, alternatively spelled lightyear, is a large unit of length used to express astronomical distances and is equivalent to about 9.46 trillion kilometers (9.46 × 1012 km), or 5.88 trillion miles (5.88 × 1012 mi). [note 1] As defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), a light-year is the distance that light travels in a vacuum in one Julian year (365.25 days).

Explanation:

true or false: after an event that causes intense anger, a recommended strategy for dealing with the emotion is reliving the event and continuing to feel the emotion.

Answers

false. after an event that causes intense anger, it is not a recommended strategy to continue  feeling the emotion for dealing with the emotion.

Anger is a healthy, common feeling that can neither be good or negative. It signals to you that a situation is distressing, unfair, or dangerous, just like any other emotion. The aim of anger management is to lessen the physiological stimulation that anger creates as well as your emotional feelings. You cannot change, ignore, or get rid of the things or people who irritate you, but you can learn to control your reactions.

If you have a fiery temper, you could feel helpless to control the beast and like there's nothing you can do. But contrary to what you may believe, you can regulate your rage.

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jason is experiencing anxiety and adjustment problems with his new job. according to kelly, this is probably because jasonquestion 27 options: a) has not yet developed constructs that will allow him to deal with the new people and situations. b) he unable to understand the way other people construe. c) he not yet motivated enough to develop hypotheses about how things operate in this new. d) had difficulty in this type of situation before.

Answers

Answer:

I belive the answer is A: has not yet developed constructs that will allow him to deal with the new people and situations he encounters

Explanation: i took an educated guess based on the information

According to Kelly's Personal Construct Theory, Jason is experiencing anxiety and adjustment problems with his new job most likely because he (option A) has not yet developed constructs that will allow him to deal with the new people and situations.

According to Kelly, the reason for Jason's anxiety and adjustment problems with his new job is likely because he has not yet developed constructs that will allow him to deal with the new people and situations. This means that he may not have the necessary mental frameworks or patterns of thought to understand and cope with the challenges of the job.

It is possible that he may need some guidance or support to develop these constructs and improve his ability to adapt and thrive in his new role. It is not necessarily because he is unable to understand the way other people construe, not motivated enough to develop hypotheses about how things operate, or has had difficulty in this type of situation before.
Constructs are the cognitive frameworks that individuals use to make sense of the world around them. As Jason gains experience and learns more about his new job, he should be able to develop the necessary constructs to better handle the situation.

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Ethics and Conflict Mediation- How should a good
leader navigate moral disagreements, tensions and conflicts in the
workplace? Ought the leader’s view of what is ‘right’ prevail?

Answers

When faced with moral disagreements, tensions, and conflicts in the workplace, a good leader should approach the situation with a balanced and inclusive perspective. It is essential for the leader to create an environment that encourages open dialogue, active listening, and respect for diverse opinions.

Rather than imposing their own view of what is "right," a good leader should strive to facilitate a fair and transparent process of conflict mediation. This involves encouraging all parties involved to express their perspectives and concerns, and actively seeking common ground or mutually agreeable solutions.

A good leader should prioritize ethical principles such as fairness, integrity, and respect for individual rights. They should ensure that all voices are heard and considered, and make decisions based on a comprehensive understanding of the situation and the values of the organization.

While a leader's view is important, it should not unilaterally prevail in every situation. Instead, the leader should act as a guide, fostering a collaborative and inclusive environment where different viewpoints can be heard, evaluated, and integrated.

By facilitating constructive conversations, encouraging empathy, and striving for consensus, a good leader can effectively navigate moral disagreements, tensions, and conflicts in the workplace while upholding the principles of fairness and ethical decision-making.

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It can be inferred that colonists disliked the Townshend Acts more than the Sugar Act because it -
A. ended all communication between the colonies with Britain
B. encouraged slaves to revolt against their owners
C. prevented colonists from having town meetings
D. levied a tax on more items than the Sugar Act

Answers

Answer:

Option: D. levied a tax on more items than the Sugar Act.

Explanation:

Britishers won the French and Indian War, but the outcome of it remain worse as they were in enormous debts. The require for fund led them to impose taxes on the 13 Colonies. There were several acts impose, but the Townshend Acts disliked by many colonists. Townshend Acts implemented in 1767 on the imported goods. The Act taxed on exported items like paper, paint, tea, lead, china, and British glass, which turned out to be a burden on the colonies.

What was the Munich Agreement and why did it fail?

Answers

The accord is now viewed by many as a failed attempt at appeasing Germany and a diplomatic victory for Hitler.

What was the Munich Agreement, in plain terms?

On September 29 and 30, 1938, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, and France sign the Munich Agreement, which demands that Czechoslovakia turn up its border lands and fortifications to Nazi Germany (the so-called Sudeten region). From October 1 until October 10, 1938, German forces are stationed in these places.

Why did the Munich Accord fall short? It was what?

Although it was meant to be a peaceful agreement, it granted Hitler the authority to continue using force to achieve his goals. The Munich Agreement had a chance to stop the war but fell short due to its poor forerunners and the strong pattern of appeasement toward Hitler that had previously been created.

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What is the best explanation for how diffusion can cause culture to lose its uniqueness? a. culture can become valueless. b. culture can become generic. c. culture can become irrelevant. d. culture can become boring.

Answers

Answer:

Culture can become generic.

Explanation:

Answer: B. Culture can become generic.

Explanation:

the modern customized-test-battery approach to neuropsychological testing typically begins with a

Answers

The modern customized-test-battery approach to neuropsychological testing typically begins with a comprehensive clinical interview and evaluation.

Before conducting any specific neuropsychological tests, the clinician engages in a thorough clinical interview and evaluation process. This initial step involves gathering detailed information about the individual's medical history, cognitive functioning, psychological well-being, and relevant contextual factors.

The clinical interview helps the clinician gain a comprehensive understanding of the individual's presenting concerns, symptoms, and overall functioning. It allows them to assess factors such as the individual's medical history, current cognitive abilities, emotional state, social context, and daily functioning.

Based on the information gathered during the clinical interview, the clinician can then tailor the selection of neuropsychological tests to the individual's specific needs and concerns. The customized-test-battery approach involves selecting and administering a combination of tests that are most relevant to the individual's unique profile and clinical questions.

By starting with a comprehensive clinical interview and evaluation, the customized-test-battery approach ensures that the subsequent neuropsychological testing is targeted and tailored to the individual's specific cognitive, emotional, and functional challenges.

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how did the power given to junior Queen bring instability in the politics of Nepal​

Answers

Answer:

Edward VI (1547–53): Henry was succeeded by his nine-year-old son, Edward VI, but real power passed to his brother-in-law, Edward Seymour, earl of Hertford, who became duke of Somerset and lord protector shortly after the new reign began. Somerset ruled in loco parentis; the divinity of the crown resided in the boy king

differentiate between industry and a factory pls

Answers

Answer:

A factory is defined as a building, or a group of buildings wherein goods are manufactured through a machine. On the other hand, the industry is defined as the branch of economics wherein raw materials, goods, and services are produced.

Explanation:

Different types of factories include job shops, metal, electronics, petroleum, chemicals, etc. There are four types of industries, i.e., primary industry, secondary industry, tertiary industry, and quaternary industry.

A factory is a location or a site that undertakes the business procedures. An industry can be considered as a collection of businesses that manufacture material and provides services.

A factory is a part of an industry. An industry is a concept or a notion. The scope of a factory is less as compared to the industry. The industry has more scope in the future..

The main aim of the factories is to contribute to the growth and development of an economy. The main aim of the industry is to raise the standard of living of people and contribute to the economy.

Answer:

Here's your answer

Explanation:

A factory is a manufacturing plant. Industry refers to the production of a material or service within an economy. This is the main difference between factory and industry. Though, when speaking about the whole economy, we generally speak about industries, the production process actually takes place within factories.

What are the most used renewable energy sources in the world?

Answers

Hydropower is the most generally utilized inexhaustible power source, with the worldwide hydroelectric introduced limit surpassing 1,295GW,.

Representing over 18% of the world's absolute introduced power age limit and over 54% of the worldwide sustainable power age limit. Wind energy is one of the most maintainable types of energy at present that anyone could hope to find. It saddles the force of normally moving air to turn wind turbines, which thusly produce power. In addition to the fact that this is extraordinary in light of the fact that it gives a regenerative type of energy, however, it likewise does as such without ozone-depleting substance emanations.

Wind and sunlight based are the quickest developing sustainable sources, however, contribute only 5% of complete energy utilized in the U.S.

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5. PART B:Which of the phrases from the
text best support the answer to Part A?

5. PART B:Which of the phrases from thetext best support the answer to Part A?

Answers

points points points points points

How has the size of government and the federal bureaucracy grown since the Franklin Roosevelt administration? How does this impact presidential transitions? describe the Buchanan-Lincoln transition in 1861 as the worst presidential transition? What actions did President Lincoln take during the 1861 transition?describe the Reagan-Bush transition in 1989 as the best presidential transition?

Answers

Explanation:

The size of government and the federal bureaucracy has grown after the Franklin Roosevelt administration with the introduction of a second term.

The Buchanan-Lincoln transition occurred when the country was "breaking apart and sliding to war." In other words, he had many issues to deal with immediately he assumed office, and so is termed as the worst.

President Lincoln was forced to take the action of setting up a team that included his rivals in the 1861 transition. While the Reagan-Bush transition in 1989 is considered the best presidential transition because it involved a vice president becoming a president. In other words, the President (Reagan) transitioned power to his sitting vice president (Bush) who was elected President.

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If 5.5 milliliters is 55% what is 45%? which two practices are examples of how people use sciense Help me someone plzAustralia is the exporter of wool, meat, and dairy products. Give reason Which of the following is not a correct statement aboutthe pie chart?More students have hazel eyes than blue.Most of the students in the class have brown eyes.O More students in the class have blue eyes thanhazel.The fewest number of students have gray eyes.HueBrownSreen List three activities of a cell that help it live A survey of the mean number of cents off that coupons give was conducted by randomly News. The following data were collected: 206754, 50, 65, 30, 554; 404: 40, 30, 55, surveying one coupon per page from the coupon sections of a recent San Jose Mercury $1.50; 404: 654, 40. Assume the underlying distribution is approximately normal. The 85% If many random samples were taken of size 14, what percent of the confidence intervals constructed from the samples should contain the population mean worth of coupons? confidence interval contains population mean. Explain why Answer 4Ms. Thorson bought a piece of lace that was 3 feet long. She cuts off as many pieces as possible that are 9 inches long. Will Ms. Thorson have any lace left over? Show and explain your work. 2. (10 pts.) A light beam consists of photons with a vacuum wavelength of 476nm. (a) Calculate the frequency of the photons. (b) Calculate their energy in eV and in J. (c) Calculate their mass in kg. A quiche is cut into slices as shown below. If each slice is exactly the same size and shape as the one shown, what is the circumference of the whole quiche? Round to the nearest whole number. A shaded sector of a circle has an angle measure of 30 degrees and an arc length of 4.2 inches. Recall that StartFraction Arc length over Circumference EndFraction = StartFraction n degrees over 360 degrees EndFraction. 21 inches 42 inches 50 inches 54 inches What is the effect on the graph of f(x)=x^2 when it's transformed to h(x)=1/6c^2-9? Explain your answer !! Have a nice day Will give braisnlt Hey guys, I need your help!The whole permutation stuff is pretty new to me. My teacher taught the class this recently, but I am still unsure on what to do. I would love it if anyone out there who can provide a step-by-step instructions and an explanation please! Can somebody please help me I NEED HELP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Define each word. Write a paragraph using all 10 words. (5-6 sentences)1. Describes2. Description3. Detail4. Development5. Difference6. Effective7. Encounter8. Establish9. Excerpt10. Explains if you add two obtuse angles do they sometimes make supplamentary angles? 3. In a class of 50, the # of people with brown hair is 2 more than 5 times the number of people with red hair. How manybrown/red-haired people are there in the class? (Everyone in the class has either brown or red hair) Which Chinese invention has had the greatest impact on society?The Chinese invention of _______________had the greatest impact because _______________________.For example, it _________________________________.Furthermore, __________________________________. Help please plEase bro A105B360C117D 103Help me please Erin, Elizabeth, and Anna are playing a game. Their probabilities of winning the game are as follows:P(Erin wins)=0. 3P(Erin wins)=0. 3start text, P, left parenthesis, E, r, i, n, space, w, i, n, s, end text, right parenthesis, equals, 0, point, 3P(Anna wins)=12P(Anna wins)= 21 start text, P, left parenthesis, A, n, n, a, space, w, i, n, s, end text, right parenthesis, equals, start fraction, 1, divided by, 2, end fractionP(Elizabeth wins)=20%P(Elizabeth wins)=20%start text, P, left parenthesis, E, l, i, z, a, b, e, t, h, space, w, i, n, s, end text, right parenthesis, equals, 20, percentPut the following events in order from least to most likely