What is meant by the term standard conditions, with reference to enthalpy changes?.

Answer:

Explanation:

Gravity is what holds the planets in orbit around the sun and what keeps the moon in orbit around Earth. ... Gravity creates stars and planets by pulling together the material from which they are made. Gravity not only pulls on mass but also on light.

ANSWER:Atoms

Explanation:

when heat energy is the result of movement of tiny particles called atoms. molecules or ions in solid liquids and gases heat energy can be transferred from one object to another the transfer or flow due to the difference in temperature between the two objects is called heat

The formula for limiting reagent is "S". The maximum amount of sulfur dioxide formed is 9.6g and the limiting reagent is 0.15 moles.

Limiting reagent is the reagent that limits or inhibit the formation of product.

As we know,

    To calculate the number of moles we need to divide given mass by molar mass.

No. of moles = given mass/ molar mass.

For sulfur: -

No. of moles = 11.4 / 32

                     = 0.35 moles.

For carbon monoxide: -

No. of moles = 23.9 / 28

                     = 0.85 moles.

The chemical reaction would be S + 2 CO - SO2 + 2C

Here, we can see that 1 mole of sulfur is reacting with 2 moles of carbon monoxide. Therefore, 2/1 x 0.35 moles.

Therefore, excess amount of sulfur is 0.70.

Thus, carbon monoxide is the limiting reagent here.

For the excess amount of reagent is 0.85 - 0.70 = 0.15 moles.

By stoichiometry, we can conclude that 1 mole of sulfur gives 1 mole of sulfur dioxide.

For the excess amount of sulfur dioxide: -

Molar mass of sulfur dioxide = 64g.

Therefore, 0.15 = given mass of SO2 / 64

Mass of sulfur dioxide = 9.6 g.

For excess amount of carbon monoxide: -

Molar mass of carbon monoxide = 28g.

Therefore, 0.15 = given mass of CO / 28

Mass of carbon monoxide = 4.2 g.

Therefore, the maximum amount of sulfur dioxide produced is 9.6 g and the excess limiting reagent is 0.15 moles.

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Answer:

hey mate your answer is

D ALL OF THESE

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To make sedimentary rock, broken bits of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks get deposited in layers and bonded together.

So, option d. is correct.

Sedimentary rocks are created by the accumulation and deposition of mineral and organic particles just at earth's surface, followed by cementation. The processes that enable these particles that settle in place are referred to as sedimentation.

To make sedimentary rock, broken bits of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks get deposited in layers and bonded together.

So, option d. is correct.

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Yes, \(Br^{-}\) and \(Cl^{-}\) ions both can be positively identified through  precipitation reaction or precipitimetry.

Through titration employing precipitation reaction or precipitimetry, these two ions can both be positively identified. When exposed to Cl- and Br- ions, AgNO3 transforms into silver halides. AgNO3 with Cl- ions precipitates white because AgCl is not particularly soluble in water, whereas AgNO3 with Br- ions precipitates cream.

A very light cream precipitate results from mixing cream and white ppt.

Both halides react as described below:

\(AgNO_{3}+ XCl\)\(= AgCl_{whiteppt.}\)

\(AgNO_{3}+ XBr\) \(= AgBr_{creamppt.}\)

Now, While AgBr does not dissolve in diluted ammonia, this AgCl precipitate does to create an Ag-diammonium ion combination. Two facts, including the fact that the ppt shade is now darker than the prior pale cream, demonstrate this. As a result of the addition of an ammonia solution, it becomes less concentrated, although some cream precipitates persist.

Second, concentrated ammonia dissolves the AgBr precipitate. AgBr precipitates dissolve when cream precipitate is filtered and concentrated ammonia is added. In solution Br- ions are confirmed by this.

\(Ag^{+}+NH_{3}\) ⇄ \((AgNH_{3} )_{2} ^{+}\)

The foregoing reaction switches in the right direction after the addition of diluted ammonia solution, and more and more Ag+ ions are complexed, producing the soluble form of Ag-diammonium complex.

Brown globules are produced when CHCl3 is added to the mixture and agitated.

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Answer:

covalent network

Explanation:

trust me on this one

The continuation of the electron configuration is 3p6 4s2 3d3.

Electronic configuration ends up with = 3p4

So, here principle quantum number(n) =3

Atom which ends up with 3p4 configuration = S

Sulphur(s) = [Ne] 3s2 3p4

So atomic number of Sulphur (s) =16

After adding 7e in it -

Atomic number = 16+7 =23

Now atomic no. =23 (after adding 7 more electrons)

So electronic configuration with atomic no. =23

Atomic number (23) - [Ne] 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d3

Now electronic configuration will ends up with= 3d3

Electrons belong to the primary technology of the lepton particle's own family and are typically thought to be fundamental particles because they have no recognized additives  substructure.

For most realistic purposes, an electron is a structureless particle with an intrinsic angular momentum or spin. simply two numbers — the electron's mass and its electric price — gasoline the equations that describe its behavior. From this 'sensible electron' version, physicists constructed present-day microelectronics.

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Answer:

6 atoms

Explanation:

Hey there!

To find out how many atoms are in this compound, we have to add up all of the atoms

2H means there are 2 atoms

Then we have Cl which is 1 more atoms

Last, we have O₃ which gives us 3 atoms

Now we do basic math:

2 + 1 + 3 = 6

So there are 6 atoms in this compound

Answer:

can only form one hydrogen bond each

Explanation:

can only form one hydrogen bond each

Answer: the Aufbau principle.

Explanation:

Answer: C. Electrochemical cells involve oxidation-reduction reactions.

Explanation: Oxidation occurs at the anode, and reduction occurs at the cathode.

The formula of ionic compound forming face centered cubic lattice will be AB₃

The face centered cubic lattice has atom  present at corner as well as all the faces of unit cell. suppose the we have two atom A and B forming FCC.

Atom present in corner contribute = 1/8

Atom present in face contribute = 1/2

A atom present in the corner = 8 x 1/8

A atom = 1 atom

B atom present in the faces of unit cell = 6 x 1/2

B atom = 3 atom

Chemical formula of ionic compound = AB₃

Hence, ionic compound exist in AB₃ formula in FCC.

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Answer: There is no eclipse. However, two or four times a year, the Moon travels through some portion of the Earth's penumbral or umbral shadows, resulting in one of the three types of eclipses mentioned above. When the Moon crosses between the Earth and the Sun, this occurs. This is only possible when the Moon is in its New Moon phase.

Explanation:

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(e) (i) Number average (Mn) = 6,900g/mol

(ii) Mn will remain the same in this case as it does not depend on weight.= 6,900g/mol

(iii) The degree of polymerization (DP) is 4492.

(i) Number average (Mn)

The number average molecular weight (Mn) is the sum of the molecular weights of all polymer chains divided by the total number of polymer chains.

Weight average (Mw)

The weight average molecular weight (Mw) is the sum of the product of the molecular weight and the fraction of the total polymer chains that have that molecular weight.

Using the given formula, let's first calculate the Mn:

(2100 + 6600 + 12000) / 3 = 6,900g/mol

Let's now calculate the Mw:

[(2100 x 2100) + (6600 x 6600) + (12000 x 12000)] / (2100 + 6600 + 12000)= 9966.67g/mol

(ii) Equal weights of chains

Mn will remain the same in this case as it does not depend on weight.

Mw, on the other hand, will change.

The following formula will be used:

2100 x (1/3) + 6600 x (1/3) + 12000 x (1/3) = 6,900g/mol

(iii) The degree of polymerization (DP)

DP refers to the number of repeating units in the polymer chain.

We can calculate the DP using the following formula:

DP = (Mn / M) * NA where M is the molar mass of the repeating unit, and NA is Avogadro's number.

Using the Mn value from part (i) and the given molecular weights for the repeating units, we can calculate the DP:

DP = (6,900 / ((126 + 324 + 300) / 3)) * 6.02 × 1023= 4492.45 (approximately 4492)

Therefore, the degree of polymerization is 4492.

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The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer will be \($$M_w=\frac{1\times2100^2+1\times6600^2+1\times12000^2{1\times2100+1\times6600+1\times12000}=8,580\;g/mol$$\).

Weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer will be \($$M_w=\frac{1.0587\times2100^2+1.0587\times6600^2+1.0587\times12000^2{1.0587\times2100+1.0587\times6600+1.0587\times12000}=8,825\;g/mol$$\).

The degree of polymerization of the polymer in the first question is 25.01.

Number average (Mn) and weight average (Mw) molecular weights of a polymer are calculated using the following formula:

\($$M_n = \frac{\sum N_iM_i}{\sum N_i}$$\)

and

\($$M_w = \frac{\sum N_iM_i^2}{\sum N_iM_i}$$\)

where Ni is the number of chains with molecular weight Mi.

(i) When the number of chains with molecular weights of 2100, 6600, and 12000 are mixed together:

Molecular weight (M) Number of chains (N) 2100 1 6600 1 12000 1

Total 3

The number average molecular weight (Mn) of the polymer will be:

\($$M_n=\frac{1\times2100+1\times6600+1\times12000}{1+1+1}= 6,900\;g/mol$$\)

The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer will be:

\($$M_w=\frac{1\times2100^2+1\times6600^2+1\times12000^2}{1\times2100+1\times6600+1\times12000}=8,580\;g/mol$$\)

(ii) When the equal weights of chains are mixed together:

The total weight of the chains is:

2100 + 6600 + 12000 = 20,700 g

Number of chains with molecular weight 2100 = 2100 x n1

Number of chains with molecular weight 6600 = 6600 x n2

Number of chains with molecular weight 12000 = 12000 x n3

So, the total weight of each group of chains will be

n1M1 + n2M2 + n3M3.

Now, we can calculate the values of n1, n2, and n3 as follows:

n1 = 6600 x n2n2 = 12000 x n3M1 + M2 + M3 = 2100 + 6600 + 12000 = 20700n1M1 + n2M2 + n3M3 = 20700

Equating the value of n1 in terms of n2 and n3 and substituting it in the equation above:

n1 = 6600 x n2

\($$\frac{6600}{n1}=n2$$\)

\($$\frac{12000}{n2}=n3$$\)

\($$n1=\frac{20700}{2100+6600+12000}=0.1739$$\)

n2 = 0.0208, n3 = 0.0052

Therefore, the number of chains with molecular weight 2100 = 0.1739 x 2100 / 6600 x 0.1739 x 6600 = 0.0208 x 12000 / 6600 x 0.0208 x 6600 = 0.0052 x 2100 / 6600 x 0.0052 x 12000 ≈ 1.0587

Number average molecular weight (Mn) will be:

\($$M_n=\frac{1.0587\times2100+1.0587\times6600+1.0587\times12000}{1.0587+1.0587+1.0587}= 7,170\;g/mol$$\)

Weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer will be:

\($$M_w=\frac{1.0587\times2100^2+1.0587\times6600^2+1.0587\times12000^2}{1.0587\times2100+1.0587\times6600+1.0587\times12000}=8,825\;g/mol$$\)

(iii) The degree of polymerization (DP) of the polymer in the first question will be:

Number of chains with molecular weight 2100 = 1

Number of chains with molecular weight 6600 = 1

Number of chains with molecular weight 12000 = 1

The molecular weight of the repeating units of the three different chains have molecular weights of 126, 324, and 300 respectively.

Therefore, the degree of polymerization (DP) of the polymer in the first question will be:For 2100 chain,

\($$n_1=\frac{2100}{126}=16.67$$\)

For 6600 chain,

\($$n_2=\frac{6600}{324}=20.37$$\)

For 12000 chain,

\($$n_3=\frac{12000}{300}=40.00$$\)

So, the average degree of polymerization (DP) is:

\($$DP=\frac{1\times16.67+1\times20.37+1\times40.00}{1+1+1}=25.01$$\)

Therefore, the degree of polymerization of the polymer in the first question is 25.01.

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The appropriate response is: MgCO₃ (s) → MgO (s) + CO₂ (g)

According to this equation, 1 mole of magnesium carbonate reacts to produce 1 mole of magnesium oxide and 1 mole of carbon dioxide, and 117.3 kJ is absorbed.

What Are the Health Benefits of Magnesium Carbonate?

Magnesium carbonate is a naturally occurring white, powdered substance that is commonly advertised as a health supplement. It can be found in dolomite and magnesite. Magnesium, a mineral that your body needs to function properly, is the main component of this product. According to MedlinePlus, the average human body weighs 25 g of magnesium, half of which is found in bone. Beyond its function in the prevention and treatment of magnesium shortage, magnesium carbonate possesses a wide range of therapeutic qualities. Always get medical advice before using magnesium carbonate to treat, prevent, or cure any ailment.

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The pH dependence of the protonation state of glu487 is most likely responsible for the change in MP activity.

As the Glu487 have deprotonation, the pH becomes high. According to the pH-dependence of MP activity, activity reduces at both low and high pH levels. The main reason for decreased activity at low pH and high pH is the protonation of functional groups, respectively, and deprotonation of functional groups. According to the question, before being attacked by a nucleophile the substrate is protonated by Glu487 . The pKa of the side chain is always much greater in the enzyme active site than it is in solution to act as a Bronsted acid during catalysis ; otherwise, it would exist in the deprotonated form in the active site. If the pH elevated enough than there occurs the change in the protonation.

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Answer:

The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection are always equal.

In the liberal arts and humanities, MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most frequently used to compose papers and cite sources.

Thus, Brief parenthetical citations in the text that are keyed to an alphabetical list of the works cited at the end of the work are a feature of the MLA style.

With the publication of the most recent edition, the MLA citation style has undergone substantial alterations.

Building trust in the knowledge and ideas we share with one another may be more crucial than ever, and for almost a century, this has been the guiding principle of MLA style, a set of writing and documentation.

Thus, In the liberal arts and humanities, MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most frequently used to compose papers and cite sources.

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a) The number of NADH formed throughout aerobic cellular respiration is 10.

b) The number of FADH₂ formed throughout aerobic cellular respiration is 2.

c) The total number of ATP produced throughout aerobic cellular respiration, including ATP created through oxidative phosphorylation and substrate-level phosphorylation, is 34.

d) The net production of ATP throughout aerobic cellular respiration is                         30.

During aerobic cellular respiration, NADH and FADH₂ are produced in the earlier stages of cellular respiration, namely glycolysis, the transition reaction, and the Krebs cycle. Each molecule of glucose generates a total of 10 NADH molecules. These 10 NADH molecules are produced through the following processes: 2 NADH in glycolysis, 2 NADH in the transition reaction, and 6 NADH in the Krebs cycle.In contrast, only 2 FADH₂ molecules are produced throughout the entire process of aerobic cellular respiration. Both FADH₂ molecules are generated in the Krebs cycle.Regarding ATP production, each NADH molecule oxidized in the electron transport chain (ETC) generates 3 ATP molecules, while each FADH₂ molecule oxidized in the ETC produces 2 ATP molecules. Considering the 10 NADH and 2 FADH₂ produced, we calculate the ATP production as follows:

(10 NADH * 3 ATP/NADH) + (2 FADH₂ * 2 ATP/FADH₂) = 30 ATP.Therefore, the net production of ATP throughout aerobic cellular respiration is 30 ATP. This accounts for the ATP generated through oxidative phosphorylation, which occurs in the ETC, as well as the ATP produced through substrate-level phosphorylation, which occurs in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. The net chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration, including the net ATP, can be summarized as:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + 30 ATP

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The following actions describe deposition as flowing soil or mud due to gravity. Option D.

Sedimentation is the accumulation of sediments carried by the wind running water sea or ice. Sediments are carried as pebbles sand mud, or dissolved salts in water. A deposition is the direct transition of a substance from the gaseous state to the solid state on cooling without going through the liquid state.

Sedimentation is the geological process in which sediments soils and rocks are added to form landforms or land masses. Wind ice water and gravity cause previously weathered surface material to deposit and lose sufficient kinetic energy within the fluid to form a layer of sediment. Several factors influence how sediment settles. Sediment is removed from new surface locations. Precipitation is the change of state of a gaseous substance into a solid.

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The emitting element's atomic number and atomic mass number are both reduced by 2 and 4 respectively by alpha radiation. The atomic number of an element is increased by 1 by beta radiation, but the atomic mass number is unaffected. The atomic number or the atomic mass number are unaffected by gamma radiation.

An unstable atom will release energy on its own to move into a more stable state, which is radioactivity. The energy that is released by a radioactive atom is known as ionizing radiation. The term "radioactive isotope" refers to radioactive atoms of the same element with varying neutron counts.

Alpha radiation decreases the atomic number and atomic mass number of the emitting element by 2 and 4 correspondingly. Beta radiation raises an element's atomic number by 1, but it has no effect on its atomic mass number. Gamma radiation has no impact on the atomic number or atomic mass number.

The atomic or mass number are unaffected by the emission of gamma rays, however the nucleus will become more stable. The most significant change in atomic number and mass number is brought on by alpha radiation.

A table showing how each type of radiation affects the atomic number and mass number of an atom is attached in the image below.

Thus, The emitting element's atomic number and atomic mass number are both reduced by 2 and 4 respectively by alpha radiation.

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Answer:

ionic compounds are made from metal and non mental elements

Explanation:

in this case it is know as an ionic compound because it contains a charge. For example, NaCl is simply a compound as it contains no charges (the charges cancel out as Cl is -1 and Na is +1)

but OH- is an ionic compound as it has a charge if -1 (O has a -2 charge and H has a +1 charge, so -2+1=-1 so OH has -1 charge)

Answer:

Bullets

Explanation:

Ballistics is the analysis of projectiles and the only projectile in the list is a bullet.

The objective of the CHM-251 Laboratory 7 is to observe the bromination of trans-cinnamic acid and examine the stereochemical consequences of the reaction to determine the anti and syn addition of bromine.

TLC methods are also used to separate reactants and products, determine the number of products formed, and if the reaction is complete. The bromination of alkenes is an electrophilic addition reaction, and bromine exhibits trans stereochemistry.

In the case of trans-cinnamic acid, the anti addition of bromine can still be confirmed by examining the stereochemical consequences of the reaction, which results in two diastereomers - the meso form and the D.L pair - that exist as a pair of mirror images or enantiomers. The experiment involves adding 1.0 M bromine solution to the reaction mixture and monitoring the reaction by TLC.

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Answer:

An elastic collision.

Explanation:

When a ball is dropped to the ground, one of four things may happen: It may rebound with exactly the same speed as the speed at which it hit the ground. This is an elastic collision.

Saponification is a chemical reaction that involves the formation of a sodium carboxylate (also known as soap) through the reaction of sodium hydroxide with certain types of organic compounds.

These organic compounds can include steroids, triglycerides, waxes, and even methyl esters. When sodium hydroxide is added to these compounds, it causes a chemical reaction that breaks down the ester bonds and releases the fatty acid components. The fatty acid components then react with the sodium hydroxide to form the sodium carboxylate or soap. This process is commonly used in the production of soap and other cleaning products.

saponification is a process in which a triglyceride (fat or oil) reacts with sodium hydroxide (a strong base) to produce glycerol and sodium carboxylate salts, which are commonly known as soap. The reaction can be summarized in the following steps:

1. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is mixed with a triglyceride, which consists of a glycerol molecule bound to three fatty acid chains.
2. The base (NaOH) breaks the ester bonds between the glycerol molecule and the fatty acid chains, releasing glycerol and free fatty acids.
3. The sodium ions (Na+) from the sodium hydroxide react with the carboxylate groups (COO-) of the free fatty acids to form sodium carboxylate salts (soap).

This reaction is used in the production of soap and in the conversion of fats and oils to various other useful products.

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An equimolar mixture of two optical isomers is called a racemic mixture or a racemate.

Both enantiomers or optical isomers, are equally present in a racemic mixture. Enantiomers are molecules that share the same connectivity and chemical formula but differ in how they are arranged in three dimensions, creating mirror-image structures. The polarised light plane can rotate in opposing orientations for each enantiomer.

However, when they are combined in equal amounts, their optical rotations cancel one another out, resulting in a racemic mixture that is net optically inactive. Racemic mixes, which differ from their individual enantiomers in a variety of ways, are frequently seen in chemical and biological systems.

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