what is generally the starting material for whole-genome shotgun sequencing of genomic dna?

Answer:

Perhaps the most amazing thing about mitosis is its precision, a feature that has intrigued biologists since Walther Flemming first described chromosomes in the late 1800s (Paweletz, 2001). Although Flemming was able to correctly deduce the sequence of events in mitosis, this sequence could not be experimentally verified for several decades, until advances in light microscopy made it possible to observe chromosome movements in living cells. Researchers now know that mitosis is a highly regulated process involving hundreds of different cellular proteins. The dynamic nature of mitosis is best appreciated when this process is viewed in living cells.

Explanation:

Answer: Its A

Explanation: I took the test :)

The table that correctly identifies how the plasma membrane contributes to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis would be table A.

In table A, the function of the plasma membrane as a controller of material's entry and exit into and from the cell is correctly marked while the other functions listed are marked wrong as they should be.

The plasma membrane of a cell is selectively permeable to materials. Only materials that are needed by the cell are allowed to enter while only those that need to leave are allowed to leave.

The plasma membrane has nothing to do with ATP metabolism, catalyzing protein synthesis, or receiving signals for DNA replication.

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Answer:

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Biology, 21.10.2020 16:01 jazz589729

Information about the four organisms can be found on the Internet. Use credible websites to find answers to the questions you developed in part A. Based on this data, draw your own dichotomous key. Based on the key you created, do you think some of the organisms are more closely related than others? Explain your answer.

Part 1 was this:A dichotomous key works on the principle of asking yes-or-no questions about the organism. To identify it, the answers for that organism are then compared to existing organisms to identify it. Prepare a list of four to five questions about each of the organisms listed below to help you create your own key. For each question, make sure the answer isn’t the same for all four organisms. For example, Does the organism have cells? would be an inappropriate question, because all the organisms have cells.

brewer’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

E. coli bacteria (Escherichia coli)

green hydra (Hydra viridissima)

house cat (Felis catus)

Here were my answers:Brewer’s yeast

Is it a unicellular organism? Yes

Is it found inside the human body? Yes

Is it visible without a microscope? Yes

Can it produce its own food? No

E. coli bacteria

Is it a unicellular organism? Yes

Is it found inside the human body? Yes

Is it visible without a microscope? No

Can it produce its own food? No

Green hydra (Hydra viridissima)

Is it a unicellular organism? No

Is it found inside the human body? No

Is it visible without a microscope? Yes

Can it produce its own food? Yes

House cat (Felis catus)

Is it a unicellular organism? No

Is it found inside the human body? No

Is it visible without a microscope? Yes

Can it produce its own food? No

Explanation:

a) When a carrot is submerged in a diluted solution, water will osmosis into the carrot cells. As a result, the cells will become turgid and the carrot's mass will rise.

b) The carrot's inability to alter in mass when submerged in a 0.4 mol/dm3 solution shows that the solute concentration—which includes salts and sugars—within the carrot cells is also 0.4 mol/dm3. There is no net movement of water into or out of the cells at this concentration.

c) This indicates that the carrot and the 0.4 mol/dm3 solution have come to an equilibrium. At this concentration, the passage of water into and out of the cells is balanced, and there is no net gain or loss of water.

d) If the carrot is submerged in a concentrated solution, water will osmotically escape from the cells, plasmolyzing them. The mass of the carrot will shrink as a result.

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Answer:

They are formed by rotating ocean currents called “gyres.”

Explanation:

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The function of calcium carbonate added to agar is to create a pH buffer that helps to maintain the proper pH level of the agar medium.

Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound that can neutralize acids, making it an effective pH buffer. When added to agar, it can help to stabilize the pH of the medium, preventing it from becoming too acidic or too alkaline. This is important because many microorganisms require a specific pH range in order to grow and thrive.

The clear area surrounding some of the colonies on the agar plate is known as a zone of inhibition. This occurs when an antimicrobial agent, such as an antibiotic or disinfectant, is added to the agar medium. The antimicrobial agent diffuses outward from the point of application, creating a clear zone where it has inhibited the growth of bacteria or other microorganisms. The size of the zone of inhibition can be used to determine the effectiveness of the antimicrobial agent against a particular strain of bacteria.

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States enjoyed greater autonomy under the Articles, whereas the Constitution granted some powers to the states.

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Answer:

C

Explanation:

Because osmosis(B) this is where water moves from a high concentration to a low concentration across a partially permiable membrane( No energy required). Whereas in diffusion (a) this is the net movement of particles from a region of a high concentration to a region of a low concentration. This stops when the region is evenly spread. (No energy is required)

The cell transport which takes place in food coloring, potato slice is concentration gradient. This type of cell transport does not need energy. Thus, the correct option is C.

Cell transport is the transport of molecules through the cell membrane. Transport of substances through the membrane takes place through osmosis and diffusion.

The diffusion of substances can be active or passive on the basis of requirement of energy. The passive mode of transport does not require energy as the movement of substances occurs down the concentration gradient from high concentration to low concentration. Whereas, in active transport energy is required in the form of ATP as the transport occurs against the concentration gradient from low concentration to high concentration.

Therefore, the correct option is C.

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CO₂ or the carbon dioxide is the gas which is required in order for the process of photosynthesis to occur.

Photosynthesis is basically a process by which a plant produces its own food. The requirements for photosynthesis are sunlight, water and the carbon dioxide gas.

This process leads to the formation of glucose which is stored in the plant itself in the form of starch. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is the gas which the plant intakes during photosynthesis and the gas which is emitted out by the plant as a product of photosynthesis is oxygen (O₂). Oxygen is required by animals for the purpose of respiration.

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The correct answer is options is

Marshes are nutrient-wealthy wetlands that assist quite a few reeds and grasses, whilst swamps are described through their capacity to assist woody plant life and trees. Bogs are characterized through their bad soil and excessive peat content, whilst fens have much less peat and greater plants than a bog.

Marsh - Also a wetland this is adjoining to a shifting frame of water, however, has a tendency to now no longer have plenty of water movement. It additionally paperwork a transition among open our bodies of water and dry land. Bogs - These are wetlands that have a difficult sealed clay soil backside that stops water from seeping.

Therefore it is clear that Marshes are areas of shallow water, while bogs are deeper areas, Marshes can contain salty water, while bogs contain freshwater, Bogs look like flooded forests, while marshes contain grasses.

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Skin particularly critical care units, are a hotbed for the growth and spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms.

Abuse and overuse of antimicrobials are the primary causes of drug-resistant infections. Inadequate infection prevention and control, as well as a lack of clean water and sanitation, increase the spread of microorganisms, some of which are resistant to antimicrobial therapy.

These germs can spread outside the stomach and cause catastrophic infections of the urinary system, bloodstream, or wounds. The majority of these infections are connected with catheters and surgical procedures and occur in hospitals and other healthcare settings.

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Answer:

Cartilaginous fishes have skeletons composed mostly of cartilage while bony fish have a skeleton composed mostly of bone. Furthermore, these two types of fish fall under different taxonomic groups – Cartilaginous fish are grouped under the class Chondrichthyes and all bony fish fall under the superclass Osteichthyes.

Explanation:

Answer:

Is development of a head by the concentration of feeding and sensory organs and nervous tissue at the anterior end.

Answer:ephalization is defined as the evolutionary trend toward nervous system centralization and the development of a head and brain.

Explanation:

Answer:

The way they feed

The way they develop

The first person credited with documenting the antimicrobial properties of hops was Louis Pasteur.

Louis Pasteur, a French chemist and microbiologist, conducted extensive research on the antimicrobial properties of hops in the 19th century. He discovered that hop extracts contain compounds that inhibit the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms.

To document this, Pasteur performed experiments where he exposed different microorganisms to hop extracts. He observed that the growth of these microorganisms was significantly inhibited compared to control groups. This led to the recognition of hops as a natural preservative in the brewing industry, helping to prevent spoilage and contamination in beer production.

Pasteur's work on the antimicrobial properties of hops laid the foundation for further research and applications in the field of microbiology and food preservation. His findings continue to be influential in the brewing industry today.

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Answer:

B) Chimpanzees are cousins to humans

Explanation:

Just did it, Have a good day!

Answer:

Explanation:The correct answers on edg

The primary functions of whales include feeding, reproduction, communication, and migration.

Whales are primarily filter feeders or predators, depending on the species.

Filter-feeding whales, such as baleen whales, have baleen plates in their mouths that allow them to filter out small prey, such as krill or small fish, from large volumes of water.

Predatory whales, such as toothed whales, hunt and feed on various marine organisms, including fish, squid, and marine mammals.

Reproduction is another important function for whales. Most whale species have a gestation period of several months, with females giving birth to a single calf.

The calves are nursed with milk from their mothers and rely on their care for a period of time until they become independent.

Communication is vital for whales, as they rely on vocalizations to communicate with other members of their pod.

Whales produce a variety of sounds, including songs, clicks, and whistles, which serve purposes such as mating, social interactions, and navigation.

Migration is a common behavior observed in many whale species. Whales undertake long-distance migrations, often covering thousands of kilometers, to reach feeding grounds in nutrient-rich waters or to reproduce in specific breeding areas.

These migrations are driven by seasonal changes in food availability and environmental conditions.

In summary, the primary functions of whales encompass feeding, reproduction, communication, and migration, all of which are essential for their survival and successful adaptation to their marine environments.

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When a vesicle moves along microtubules toward the center of the cell, the molecular motor(s) kinesins are used. Kinesins are one of the two primary molecular motor families that are responsible for the movement of vesicles. The process of movement of vesicles is called axoplasmic transport.

Kinesins move cargo towards the plus end of microtubules while dyneins move cargo towards the minus end. These motor proteins take advantage of the polarity of microtubules by moving towards the end with beta-tubulin exposed at the surface of the microtubule. The movement of kinesins along microtubules is powered by ATP hydrolysis, which provides energy for the movement.

Kinesin moves along microtubules by undergoing conformational changes that cause the motor to "step" forward in a hand-over-hand manner. Kinesins have a head and tail domain, with the head domain containing the microtubule-binding domain and the ATP-binding site. The tail domain of kinesin binds to vesicles and other cargo and transports them along the microtubule, similar to how legs move along a conveyor belt.

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Rho-dependent termination is the method of transcriptional termination requires ATP.

Rho-dependent termination happens when Rho binds to ribosome-free mRNA; C-rich sites are prime locations for Rho to bind. In order for Rho to move along the mRNA, the message must first slide into the center hole of the hexamer. Rho's ATPase is activated by Rho-mRNA binding and supplies the energy for this process.

A DNA sequence that informs RNA polymerase when transcription has finished. After the Rho protein interacts with the RNA polymerase complex, the RNA polymerase separates from the DNA to stop transcription. Only at this stage does RNA-dependent ATPase activity require ATP to bring about termination. So, choice e is correct.

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The rate at which membrane is returned by exocytosis as since the surface area and volume of a macrophage does not appreciably change during this period, the rate of exocytosis also needs to be 100% of the plasma membrane every half hour.

According to our research, the endocytosis rate may be increased even to interphase levels by adding amphiphilic chemicals to metaphase cells. All detergents and solvents accelerated endocytosis, and the degree of this accelerated endocytosis increased directly with the addition of concentration. This would happen above and below the assumed correct rate. For the purpose of ingesting nutrients from the environment, a cell creates tiny vesicles or bags through the process of endocytosis.

A cell's plasma membrane area must remain constant in order for it to keep its size and shape. The process of exocytosis, which is the opposite of endocytosis, increases the plasma membrane area.

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Answer:

cell membrane

Explanation:

the cell membrane allows things to move in and out of the cell, allowing too much water into the cell is a problem with the cell membrane

The existence of vestigial structures, which are anatomical features that no longer serve their original purpose, supports the idea of evolution through the process of common descent.

Vestigial structures are remnants of structures that were once useful to an organism's ancestors but have lost their original function over time as the organism's environment and needs have changed. For example, the wings of flightless birds, such as ostriches, are vestigial structures that no longer serve their original purpose of flight. Similarly, the human appendix is a vestigial structure that no longer plays a significant role in the digestive system.

The existence of vestigial structures provides evidence for evolution through common descent because it suggests that organisms have changed over time, with some structures becoming unnecessary or even harmful as a result of changes in the environment and selective pressures. This supports the idea that all living organisms are related and have evolved from a common ancestor.

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The main process that happens during the alpha type of radioactive decay is the emission of alpha particles from the nucleus of an atom

Alpha particles are made up of two protons and two neutrons, which are held together by a strong force, this means that they have a high level of energy and can travel only a short distance before colliding with other particles. During alpha decay, the nucleus of an atom loses two protons and two neutrons, which means that it becomes a different element. The process is generally associated with large and heavy atoms such as uranium and thorium.

Since alpha particles have a low penetration power, they can be stopped by a sheet of paper or a few centimeters of air. This means that they pose a low risk to human health if they are outside of the body, but they can be harmful if they are inhaled or ingested since they can damage internal organs. So therefore dduring the alpha type of radioactive decay, the main process that happens is the emission of alpha particles from the nucleus of an atom.

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During alpha decay, a parent nucleus emits an alpha particle, which is a helium nucleus consisting of two protons and two neutrons. As a result of alpha decay, the parent nucleus loses two protons and two neutrons, resulting in the formation of a new nucleus with two fewer atomic numbers and four fewer nucleons.

A nucleus undergoing alpha decay can be represented as follows:X → Y + αWhere X is the parent nucleus, Y is the daughter nucleus, and α is the alpha particle. The conservation of both mass and electric charge is necessary for this process to occur. Since an alpha particle is a helium nucleus, it has two protons and two neutrons, meaning that the atomic number decreases by two and the mass number decreases by four.

During alpha decay, a parent nucleus emits an alpha particle, which is a helium nucleus consisting of two protons and two neutrons. As a result of alpha decay, the parent nucleus loses two protons and two neutrons, resulting in the formation of a new nucleus with two fewer atomic numbers and four fewer nucleons.

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Answer: Clonal progagation

Explanation:

Clonal propagation involves the production of identical individual without the fusion of germ cells. It can be multiplication through stem and other plants part such as leaves.

Strawberry as a fruits can be multiplied using the stems thus preventing the germ cells from genetic recombination that could lead to the formation of entirely new plants. It does not involve the union of male and female germ cells.

Answer:

4 seconds

Explanation:

accelertion= velocity ÷ time

20= 80/t

20t=80

t=80/20

t=4 seconds

Moss sperm use flagella for motility. Moss sperm are unique in having flagella which are used to move and swim towards the egg cell to fertilize it.

This reflects the evolution of land plants from green algae, as mosses are one of the earliest land plants and their sperm show similarities to the sperm of green algae, which also use flagella for motility. This suggests that the flagella-based motility system was retained in mosses as they made the transition from aquatic to terrestrial environments, and it is still present in the moss sperm today.Moss sperm are the male reproductive cells of mosses, which are a group of non-vascular plants that are considered to be one of the earliest land plants. Moss sperm are unique in having flagella, which are whip-like structures that are used for motility. The flagella are used to move and swim towards the egg cells to fertilize them. This is similar to the sperm of green algae, which also use flagella for motility.

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It reflects the evolution of land plants from green algae in that algal spores have flagella, as do green algal spores. Here option B is the correct answer.

Moss sperm, like the sperm of many other land plants, move using flagella. This is the same motility structure that is used by the sperm of green algae, which are believed to be the ancestors of land plants.

The presence of flagella in both moss sperm and green algae sperm suggests that this motility structure was present in the common ancestor of these two groups and was retained in land plants as they evolved from green algae.

Complete question:

What structure do moss sperm used for motility, and how does that reflect the evolution of land plants from green algae? what structure do moss sperm used for motility, and how does that reflect the evolution of land plants from green algae?

A - moss sperm moves by amoeboid motion and doesn't have a special structure, as do the sperm of green algae.

B - moss sperm have flagella, as do the sperm of green algae.

C - moss sperm moves by gliding motility and doesn't have a special structure, as do the sperm of green algae.

D - moss sperm have cilia, as do the sperm of green algae.

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i don't know what to exactly put but i found something that might help?

Answer:

What kind of mutation - "simple base substitution" or "point mutation".  

New mRNA strand - CUG CCU  GCU AAU

Does the mutation affect the protein. - yes because one amino acid is different

Explanation:

Here a point mutation occurs in the gene.

A point mutation is said to occur in a genome when a single base pair is added, deleted or changed.

Here due to point mutation only a single base pair has been changed ,thus the amino acid sequence has been changed. This is because due to point mutation in the DNA strand the mRNA produced is also changed so the amino acids coded by the mrna are also changed.

A point mutation exists a genetic mutation where a single nucleotide base exists changed, inserted, or deleted from a DNA or RNA series of an organism's genome. Point mutations have a combination of effects on the downstream protein product—consequences that exist moderately predictable established upon the specifics of the mutation.

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Answer:

I think it'd be 30/20 which is a 3:2 ratio.

Explanation:

Gray is dominant, therefore a single copy of the gray allele will cause a horse to turn gray. If a horse has two copies of gray, all offspring of this horse will be gray.

Answer:  

Mitosis, Meiosis, and Inheritance