What is an example of positive feedback?


A. A herd of buffalo running away after one of them spots a lion.

B. A computer screen dimming when the battery gets low.

C. A pressure cooker valve opening to reduce the high pressure inside.

D. A thermostat switching on an air conditioner when the temperature gets too hot.

Answer:

When plants and animals die, they become food for decomposers like bacteria, fungi and earthworms

Explanation:

Yan lang po ang alam ko

The matches are as follows:

Vesicle fusion: SNAREs

Coated vesicle: Clathrin

Glycoprotein processing: Golgi Apparatus

Specialized lipid raft: Caveolae

1. Vesicle fusion: SNAREs

Vesicle fusion refers to the process of two vesicles or a vesicle and a target membrane merging together. SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors) are a group of proteins that mediate vesicle fusion by facilitating the docking and fusion of vesicles with target membranes.

2. Coated vesicle: Clathrin

Coated vesicles are formed when a protein coat, such as clathrin, surrounds a vesicle during the process of endocytosis or intracellular transport. Clathrin is a protein involved in the formation of coated vesicles.

3. Glycoprotein processing: Golgi Apparatus

Glycoprotein processing refers to the modification of proteins by adding carbohydrate chains (glycans) in the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for post-translational modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins, including the addition of carbohydrate groups to form glycoproteins.

4. Specialized lipid raft: Caveolae

Lipid rafts are specialized regions within the cell membrane enriched with cholesterol and sphingolipids, forming microdomains. Caveolae are specific invaginations or cave-like structures found in the lipid rafts. They play a role in various cellular processes, including signal transduction and endocytosis.

The following terms were not used in the match:

Spectrin: Spectrin is a cytoskeletal protein involved in maintaining the structural integrity and flexibility of the cell membrane.

Ankyrin: Ankyrin is another cytoskeletal protein that anchors integral membrane proteins to the underlying cytoskeleton, contributing to the stability and organization of the plasma membrane.

The question should be:

Match the following: vesicle fusion, coated vesicle, glycoprotein processing, and specialized lipid raft with the best description. Not all answers will be used.

CHOICES ARE

Caveolae

Spectrin

GolgiApparatus

Ankyrin

Clathrin

SNAREs

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The organ responsible for storing bile is the gallbladder. So, the correct choice is Gallbladder.

The gallbladder, located beneath the liver, is the organ responsible for storing bile. Bile is a greenish-yellow fluid that aids in the digestion and absorption of fats.

It is produced by the liver and then transported to the gallbladder for storage. When we consume a meal containing fats, the gallbladder contracts and releases stored bile into the small intestine through the bile ducts. Bile helps in emulsifying fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets, which increases the surface area for enzymes to act upon. This process enhances the absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins in the small intestine.

The storage and controlled release of bile by the gallbladder ensure that an adequate amount of bile is available for the digestion and absorption of fats whenever required.

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Since the observed genotype frequencies do not match the expected genotype frequencies under HWE, we can conclude that the population is not in HWE.

To determine if the population is in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE), we need to compare the observed genotype frequencies with the expected genotype frequencies under HWE. The expected genotype frequencies can be calculated using the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium equation:

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1

where p is the frequency of the dominant allele (in this case, the allele for short ears), q is the frequency of the recessive allele (the allele for floppy ears), p^2 is the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals (short ears), q^2 is the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals (floppy ears), and 2pq is the frequency of heterozygous individuals.

First, we need to calculate the allele frequencies:

p + q = 1

We can use the observed number of individuals to estimate the allele frequencies:

p = (number of short-eared rabbits * 2 + number of heterozygous rabbits) / (total number of rabbits * 2) = (5602 + 840) / (5602 + 840*2) = 0.4

q = 1 - p = 0.6

Next, we can calculate the expected genotype frequencies:

Short-eared rabbits (p^2): (0.4)^2 * 1000 = 160

Heterozygous rabbits (2pq): 2 * 0.4 * 0.6 * 1000 = 480

Floppy-eared rabbits (q^2): (0.6)^2 * 1000 = 360

The observed genotype frequencies are:

Short-eared rabbits: 560

Heterozygous rabbits: not given explicitly, but can be calculated as 1000 - 560 - 840 = 160

Floppy-eared rabbits: 840

Now we can compare the observed and expected genotype frequencies:

Short-eared rabbits: Observed = 560, Expected = 160, Not in HWE

Heterozygous rabbits: Observed = 160, Expected = 480, Not in HWE

Floppy-eared rabbits: Observed = 840, Expected = 360, Not in HWE

Since the observed genotype frequencies do not match the expected genotype frequencies under HWE, we can conclude that the population is not in HWE.

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If you were looking at a frog's lifecycle, you would find more specialized cells in the adult frog stage (option b).

In a frog's lifecycle, the adult frog stage is where you would find more specialized cells. This stage occurs after the frog has gone through various developmental stages, starting from the beginning ball of cells.

1. The beginning ball of cells: This is the initial stage of a frog's development. It starts with the fertilization of the egg and the formation of a zygote. At this stage, the cells are not yet specialized and are in the process of dividing and multiplying.

2. Developing tadpole: After the beginning ball of cells, the zygote undergoes further development and transforms into a tadpole. The tadpole stage is characterized by the presence of gills and a tail. The cells in this stage are becoming more specialized but are still relatively unspecialized compared to the adult frog stage.

3. Adult frog: The adult frog stage is the final stage of the lifecycle. At this point, the tadpole has undergone metamorphosis and has transformed into a fully developed frog. In this stage, the cells have become highly specialized to perform specific functions necessary for the frog's survival, such as muscle cells, nerve cells, and specialized organs like the heart and lungs.

4. The same amount at all stages: It is not accurate to say that there is the same amount of specialized cells at all stages of the frog's lifecycle. As the frog develops and goes through metamorphosis, the cells differentiate and specialize to fulfill specific roles and functions required for each stage of development. The highest concentration of specialized cells is found in the adult frog stage.

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In the CRISPR array, repeat sequences are multiple short sequences that all have the same sequence.

Repeat sequences are an important component of the CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) system. These repeats are short DNA sequences that are typically 20-40 base pairs long and are repeated multiple times within the CRISPR array.

The repeat sequences are characterized by having the same nucleotide sequence, meaning they are identical to each other. These repeats are interspersed with unique spacer sequences, which are derived from foreign genetic elements such as viruses or plasmids.

The presence of repeat sequences allows for the recognition and binding of Cas proteins, which are part of the CRISPR system, and guide the system to the target sequences for DNA cleavage and subsequent genetic modifications. The repeats provide the necessary structural and functional elements for the proper functioning of the CRISPR system

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Answer: The answer is A message is distributed across plasma membrane

Explanation:

I took the quiz

Answer: The answer is A message is distributed across plasma membrane

Explanation: trust me :)

Answer:

earth

melt

increase

Explanation:

The heating on the earth surface is uneven as the rays of the sun are spread unevenly. The heat on the earth will cause the molten rocks to melt down creating volcano. This increased heating will cause movements in the plate.

The tubellaria class consists of animals that can live freely in water, such as the planarian.

They are hermaphroditic animals that can cross-fertilize.

Analyzing the options given by the exercise, we have that the correct alternative is "A", because flatworms belong to the tubellaria class.

The centrosome and spindle fibers play a crucial role in the cell cycle. The centrosome is an organelle responsible for the production of spindle fibers which help to separate the duplicated chromosomes during mitosis.

Centrosome is a tiny organelle that functions as a microtubule organizing center. It is also involved in cell division. During cell division, the centrosome duplicates itself, and the two centrosomes move to opposite poles of the cell, forming the spindle poles.

Spindle Fibers are composed of microtubules, which are protein-based filaments. They connect the centrosomes, forming the spindle apparatus, which pulls the chromosomes apart during cell division. The spindle fibers bind to the chromosomes' kinetochores, which are protein structures located on the chromosomes' centromeres. The spindle fibers pull the chromosomes apart, and each set of chromosomes moves to opposite poles of the cell.

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Answer:

7. 2 ATP

8. People use NADH supplements as medicine. NADH is used for improving mental clarity, alertness, concentration, and memory; as well as for treating Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Because of its role in energy production, NADH is also used for improving athletic performance and treating chronic fatigue syndrome

9. Glycolysis involves the breaking down of a sugar into more manageable compounds in order to produce energy.

10. It is an anaerobic type of respiration performed by all cells, including anaerobic cells that are killed by oxygen.

11. fermentation, carbon dioxide, is used in bread making and the production of carbonated beverages.

12. i dont know

13. The CO2 produced by the Krebs cycle is the same CO2 that you exhale. The electron carriers NADH and FADH are sent to the final step of cell respiration, which is respiratory electron transport. The Krebs cycle does not use oxygen, though it does stop in the absence of oxygen because it runs out of NAD and FAD.

14. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm. Within the mitochondrion, the citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, and oxidative metabolism occurs at the internal folded mitochondrial membranes (cristae).

15. The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and generates a pool of chemical energy from the oxidation of pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis.

16. This produces 2 ATP and 6 NADH , for every glucose molecule entering glycolysis. The Krebs cycle takes place inside the mitochondria.

17. In the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, each pyruvate molecule loses one carbon atom with the release of carbon dioxide. During the breakdown of pyruvate, electrons are transferred to NAD+ to produce NADH, which will be used by the cell to produce ATP.

The structural framework of nucleotide polymers consisting of sugars and phosphate groups linked by phosphodiester bonds is the sugar-phosphate backbone. (option D)

The sugar-phosphate backbone is a repeating structural unit that forms the basis of DNA and RNA molecules. It consists of alternating sugar and phosphate groups linked by phosphodiester bonds. The sugar component of the backbone is either deoxyribose (in DNA) or ribose (in RNA). The phosphate groups link the sugars together through phosphodiester bonds, creating a chain-like structure.

The nitrogenous bases, which include purines and pyrimidines, are attached to the sugar component of the backbone and project inward towards each other in the center of the molecule, forming the double helix shape of DNA. The sugar-phosphate backbone provides stability and structure to the DNA molecule, allowing it to store and transmit genetic information.

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Answer:

tectnonic plates

Explanation:

Answer:

If two tectonic plates collide, they form a convergent plate boundary. Usually, one of the converging plates will move beneath the other, a process known as subduction. Deep trenches are features often formed where tectonic plates are being subducted and earthquakes are common.\

HOPES THIS HELPS

Removal of all or part of the seminal vesicle is called vesiculectomy.

Surgery can affect ejaculation in different ways such as if surgery removes the seminal vesicles, a person can not make semen. Surgery also damage the nerves that come from the spine that control emission. Vesiculectomy is the surgical removal of a seminal vesicle while on the other hand, orchiectomy is the surgical removal of one or both testicles. The surgery to remove the epididymis is called an epididymectomy.

So we can conclude that Removal of all or part of the seminal vesicle is called vesiculectomy.

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The stem cells are so controversial because it involves the destruction of the human embryo as well as its life for just research purposes only.

Stem cells may be defined as cells that are totipotent and pluripotent in nature and have the prospect to mature into many diverse types of cells in the body.

Embryonic stem cells are the type that is considered most unethical and controversial. The stem cell debate is the contemplation of the moralities of research involving the maturation and use of human embryos for only research methodologies.

Destruction of such important life for our own benefit or research purposes makes the podium controversial.

Therefore, it is well described above.

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Answer:

an oak tree

Explanation:

All the other options are either parts of an organism ( rose petal and human heart) or, multiple organisms ( a colony of ants) but, an oak tree is one single living organism.

Answer:

D.) Organism

Explanation:

On the basis of biological organization, one  female arctic fox will be considered as an organism.

Biological organization refers to a hierarchy starts from simplest biological structure to complex biological structures that define life, such as from atoms to biosphere.

So, biome is the community of animals and plants having common characteristics according to the environment; species is also a group of living organism sharing similar genes; ecosystem include different groups with the physical (abiotic) environment and organism is the basic living system,that include at least one cell.

So, one female arctic fox will be termed as an organism and the correct option is D.

Answer:

D.) Organism

Explanation:

I jus got it right

Transcription unwinds DNA. mRNA is transcribed from DNA. tRNA matches up to complementary triplet on mRNA on the ribosome. The ribosome attaches amino acids to the tRNA. tRNA molecules are released. Translation is completed when the end of the mRNA.

The creation of genetic material and proteins requires the key macromolecular biological components DNA, tRNA, and mRNA. DNA and RNA are the two main forms of genetic molecules, with tRNA and mRNA being two distinct types of RNA.

A well-established function in protein synthesis belongs to transfer RNA (tRNA). Between the genetic instructions contained in nucleic acid sequences and the protein products encoded in genes, the tRNA molecule functions as an adapter.

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Selection can promote the formation of prezygotic barriers between species, even if postzygotic barriers already exist, because prezygotic barriers can further reduce the probability of hybridization and reinforce reproductive isolation.

Postzygotic barriers are mechanisms that prevent the successful development or reproduction of hybrid offspring between species. These barriers may arise due to genetic incompatibilities or other physiological factors that prevent the survival or fertility of hybrids. However, postzygotic barriers alone may not be sufficient to prevent hybridization, especially in cases where the geographical ranges of different species overlap.

Prezygotic barriers, on the other hand, act before fertilization occurs and prevent the formation of hybrid zygotes altogether. These barriers may include differences in mating behaviors, courtship rituals, or other pre-mating mechanisms that reduce the likelihood of interbreeding between species.

Selection can promote the evolution of prezygotic barriers if they enhance the reproductive isolation between species and reduce the costs of hybridization. Therefore, even if postzygotic barriers already exist, prezygotic barriers may continue to evolve and reinforce reproductive isolation between species over time.

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Answer: Within the ribosome, the rRNA molecules direct the catalytic steps of protein synthesis — the stitching together of amino acids to make a protein molecule. In fact, rRNA is sometimes called a ribozyme or catalytic RNA to reflect this function.

Explanation: hope this helps, if not then im very sorry.

Answer:

The given statement is true because one strategy for purifying an expressed protein from a mixture of bacterial proteins is to modify the protein's gene to encode a series of amino acid residues at the N- or C-terminus of the protein.

This strategy, known as fusion protein expression, involves adding a sequence of amino acids to either the N- or C-terminal of the target protein. This additional sequence, called a fusion tag, typically consists of several amino acids and is used to purify the target protein from the mixture of other proteins. The fusion tag acts as a recognition site for affinity purification resins, allowing for the target protein to be selectively bound and subsequently eluted from the mixture.

Another advantage of using fusion protein expression is that it allows for increased expression levels of the target protein due to the presence of the fusion tag. Additionally, it is also possible to control the level of expression of the target protein by controlling the level of the fusion tag.

In conclusion, fusion protein expression is an effective strategy for purifying expressed proteins from a mixture of bacterial proteins. By adding a sequence of amino acids to the N- or C-terminal of the target protein, the target protein can be selectively bound and eluted from the mixture using affinity purification resins. Additionally, this strategy can also be used to increase expression levels and control the level of expression of the target protein.

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Answer:

there are other animals in the food chain they survive off of, too. with them both eating snowshoe hares, they had to adapt to eat something else or else the species would die off

Explanation:

I vaguely remember learning about this

Answer:

Explanation: In the SIR model , the time to recover depends on several factors ,s

uch as the characteristics of the disease, effectiveness of treatment and the individual's immune response. The variable y is not typically used in SIR , so it is unclear how it relates to the time recover .

 In SIR model, the recovery rate is reperesented by " 1/ gamma" Where gamma is a recovery rate . The recovery rate is the inverse of the average duration of the infectious period. So, if the infectious period is 5 , then the recovery rate would be 1/5 or 0.2.

The correct answer is A. Geological processes.

Explanation

Oil is a hydrocarbon of fossil origin by geological processes that transforms large amounts of organic matter deposited on anoxic bottoms of seas or lake areas of the geological past, which were later covered by heavy layers of sediment. This causes organic materials to be transformed into oil by the heat and pressure of the upper layers. However, this phenomenon does not occur in all parts of the earth because in some, as in the case of the Middle East, there were large amounts of organic matter that became an oil reserve. So the correct answer is A.

True. Pruning, in the context of neurological development, refers to the process through which synapses that are not frequently used or activated are eliminated.

It is a crucial mechanism in brain development that occurs during childhood and adolescence.During early brain development, there is an overabundance of synapses, forming an intricate network. However, not all of these synapses are necessary for optimal brain functioning.

Through the process of pruning, the brain refines its neural connections by eliminating weak or unused synapses, leading to a more efficient and streamlined neural network.

Pruning is influenced by various factors, including neural activity, experience, and environmental stimuli. Synapses that are frequently activated and involved in important neural pathways are strengthened, while those that are not used or receive little input are gradually eliminated.

This process helps shape the developing brain and optimize its functionality, allowing for more efficient information processing and neural communication.True is the answer.

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Answer:

Phenotypic ratio = 0:2:2

Answer:

a

Explanation:

the answer is a ecosystem