what happens to the particles of a substance as it's temperature increases

1. A situation in which you would need to neutralize a chemical before discarding it down a drain When there are strong acids or bases, flammable or reactive chemicals,

that could cause harm or damage to the environment or human health, the chemical will have to be neutralized before it is discarded down the drain. You would need to neutralize chemicals like hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and nitric acid (HNO3) before discarding them down the drain.

2. Why should you add acid to water rather than adding water to acid when preparing solutions You should add acid to water rather than adding water to acid when preparing solutions for two reasons: Safety - Adding acid to water is safer because the heat produced during dilution is absorbed by the water,

which means the reaction mixture is cooled. This is essential as adding water to acid could result in the mixture boiling and spattering, causing acid burns and other injuries. Mixing water with acid can result in the violent boiling of the mixture. Precipitation - Precipitation is also a reason why acid should be added to water. It means that the diluted solution will be precipitated, which is an inconvenience, but it is also an indication of incomplete mixing.

 When acid is added to water, the molecules of water are broken into ions. These water ions surround the positive and negative ions of the acid to form a hydrated structure.

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a. There are 0.1596 moles of NaCl in 0.3 L of NaCl stock solution.

b. There are 0.1596 moles of NaCl in 2.1 L of NaCl dilute solution.

c. The concentration of NaCl in the final solution is 0.076 M.

Molarity is said to be the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. For example, when salt is dissolved in water, the salt becomes the solute and the water becomes the solution. Since, one mole of sodium chloride weighs 58.44 grams and dissolving 58.44 grams of NaCl in 1 liter of water makes a 1 molar solution, abbreviated as 1M.

c. Let's calculate the concentration of NaCl in the final solution:

M₁V₁ = M₂V₂

M₁ = Initial concentration of NaCl (0.532 M)

V₁ = Initial volume of NaCl (0.3 L)

M₂ = Final concentration of NaCl

V₂ = Initial volume of NaCl (2.0 L)

0.532 × 0.3 = M₂ × 2.1

M₂ = (0.532 × 0.3)/2.1

M₂ = 0.076 M

a. To calculate number of moles in 0.3 L of NaCl stock solution.

Molarity = Mole of solute/Volume of solution

0.532 = Mole of NaCl/0.3

Mole of NaCl = 0.532×0.3

Mole of NaCl = 0.1596 mol

b. To calculate number of moles in 2.1 L of NaCl solution.

0.076 = Mole of NaCl/2.1

Mole of NaCl = 0.076×2.1

Mole of NaCl = 0.1596 mol

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The statements which is true about the reactants from the given simulation above is: It involves the breaking of chemical bonds.

The correct answer choice is option c

For a chemical reaction to occur, the bond between the reacting substances breaks either by covalent or electrovalent bonding in order to form new substance.

So therefore, reactants usually break chemical bonds duringchemical reaction.

Complete question:

A chemical reaction causes the chemical compositions of substances to change. Reactants are substances that enter into a reaction, and products are substances produced by the reaction

Which of the following are the reactants for this simulation? Select all that apply

a. A chemical reaction results to formation of new bonds

b. A chemical reaction involves the formation of new substance.

c. It involves the breaking of chemical bonds

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Recrystallization is a common technique used to purify solid compounds by dissolving them in a solvent at high temperature, and then allowing the solution to cool slowly to form crystals.

The solvent should have the following properties:

The solubility of the compound should be high at high temperature and low at low temperature. This allows the compound to dissolve completely at high temperature and then precipitate out as pure crystals at low temperature.

The solvent should be relatively volatile and have a low boiling point, so that it can be easily removed from the recrystallized solid by evaporation or vacuum filtration.

The solvent should not react with the compound being recrystallized, so that it does not introduce impurities into the final product.

The effectiveness of the recrystallization solvent can be evaluated based on the percent recovery and purity of the recrystallized solid. The percent recovery is the percentage of the original compound that is recovered after recrystallization, and it is a measure of how efficient the recrystallization process was. A high percent recovery indicates that the recrystallization was successful in purifying the compound, while a low percent recovery may indicate that the solvent was not suitable for the compound or that the recrystallization conditions were not optimized.

The purity of the recrystallized solid is a measure of how free it is from impurities. The purity can be determined by comparing the melting point of the recrystallized solid to the known melting point of the pure compound. If the melting point of the recrystallized solid is close to the known melting point of the pure compound, then the recrystallization was successful in purifying the compound. If the melting point is lower or broader than the known melting point, then there may be impurities present in the recrystallized solid.

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The procedure by which H₃O⁺ or OH⁻ is converted to pH is to use the given formulas below:

The relationship between H₃O⁺ (hydronium ion), OH⁻ (hydroxide ion), and pH is given below:

In an aqueous solution, water molecules ionize resulting in the formation of hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻) according to the following equilibrium:

H₂O + H₂O ⇌ H₃O⁺ + OH⁻

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The special catalyst used for metal-catalyzed hydrogenation of alkynes is typically palladium on carbon (Pd/C). This catalyst works by adsorbing hydrogen atoms onto the surface of the Pd/C.

special catalyst then react with the alkyne substrate to form an alkene. The Pd/C catalyst facilitates the addition of the hydrogen atoms to the alkyne, allowing for selective reduction of the triple bond without over-reducing to the alkane. This process, known as hydrogenation, is a common reaction used in organic chemistry to produce a wide range of important chemicals and materials.

By including the first water molecule, alkynes are initially hydrated. But as a result of this initial hydration, an enol—an alcohol joined to a vinyl carbon—is created.

Enols immediately undergo an isomerization process known as tautomerization to produce carbonyl groups like aldehydes or ketones. To make things simple, this reaction is referred to as "enol-keto" tautomerization since aldehydes occur on terminal alkyne carbons.

Alkynes must be hydrated, much like alkenes, by adding water, and this requires the use of a strong acid, usually sulfuric acid with mercuric sulphate as a catalyst.

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Answer:

cells comes from preexisting cells through the process of cell division

The correct classification for both calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) is:

D) Ca is an alkaline earth element and a metal, and Fe is a transition element and a metal.

Calcium (Ca) belongs to the alkaline earth metals group, which is located in Group 2 of the periodic table. Alkaline earth metals are characterized by their reactivity, high melting points, and tendency to form 2+ cations. Therefore, Ca is classified as an alkaline earth element and a metal.

Iron (Fe) is a transition element, also known as a transition metal. Transition metals are located in the d-block of the periodic table and are characterized by their ability to form multiple oxidation states and exhibit variable valencies. Fe is classified as a transition element and a metal due to its properties and location in the periodic table.

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According to the question , \(10^{80}\) protons create a galaxy.

1.67262 1027 kg, or 1,836 times the mass of an electron, is the rest mass of the proton, a stable subatomic particle with a positive charge that is equivalent to one electron's charge.

One down quark and two up quarks make up protons. Two down quarks and one up quark make up neutrons. One of the four fundamental forces, the "strong nuclear force," keeps the nucleus together (gravity and electromagnetism are two others).

The amount of protons in the cosmos is measured by the Eddington number , in astrophysics. Eddington estimated it to be approximately 1.571079; according to recent estimations \(10^{80}\)  .

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Answer:

C

Explanation:

it's always colder at night and close to night especially near water and that's when wind tends to blow the most

Answer:

Look up at the atom on the periodic table of elements and find out what its atomic mass is. Subtract the number of protons from the atomic mass. This is the number of neutrons that the regular version of the atom has. If the number of neutrons in the given atom is different, than it is an isotope.

The fact that there are more possible combinations for amino acids than the number of amino acids themselves implies that each amino acid can be encoded by multiple codons.

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in DNA or RNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

There are 20 standard amino acids used to build proteins in living organisms. However, there are 64 possible three-letter combinations of nucleotides (4³) that can be used to form codons. This means that on average, there are more than three codons that can encode each amino acid.

To calculate the number of codons per amino acid on average, we divide the total number of codons (64) by the number of amino acids (20). Therefore, the average number of codons per amino acid is 64/20 = 3.2.

This indicates that there is a degeneracy or redundancy in the genetic code, where multiple codons can specify the same amino acid.

For example, the amino acid leucine is encoded by six different codons (UUA, UUG, CUU, CUC, CUA, CUG), while methionine and tryptophan are each encoded by a single codon.

In conclusion, the existence of more possible combinations for amino acids than amino acids themselves means that the genetic code is degenerate, allowing for redundancy and flexibility in protein synthesis.

This redundancy helps to protect against errors in DNA replication and transcription and allows for evolution to occur through the accumulation of genetic variations.

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Answer:

The loudness of sound is determined, in turn, by the intensity, or amount of energy, in sound waves. The unit of intensity is the decibel (dB) Intensity of sound results from two factors: the amplitude of the sound waves and how far they have traveled from the source of the sound.

Explanation:

The elution order for these five compounds, from least polar to most polar, would be as follows: 1. 1-pentanol, 2. 1-propanol, 3. ethanol, 4. methanol and 5. water

This order is based on the fact that the longer the carbon chain, the less polar the alcohol, and water is the most polar compound among the five. The elution order in chromatography is primarily determined by the polarity of the compounds.

Elution is the process of separating one substance from another in analytical and organic chemistry. It involves washing loaded ion-exchange resins in a solvent to get rid of the collected ions, for example.

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Total sales less the sales price of any goods returned by customers, less any reduction in price given to customers, less cash discounts allowed by the seller, is called Net Sales.

Net sales are the total sales revenue generated by a business after accounting for various adjustments, including goods returned by customers (sales returns), reductions in price (sales allowances), and cash discounts allowed by the seller. Net sales provide a more accurate representation of a company's actual revenue, as it considers the impact of factors that may reduce the total sales figures.

By calculating net sales, businesses can better understand their true revenue performance, identify any issues with product quality or customer satisfaction, and make informed decisions to improve overall profitability.

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A. The reaction would remain in equilibrium

Given

Reaction

H₂ + I₂ ⇔ 2HI

Required

the effect of pressure changes

Solution

In the equilibrium system :

Reaction = - action  

⇒shift the reaction to the right or left.  

The pressure usually affects the gas equilibrium system(only count the number of moles of gases)

The addition of pressure, the reaction will shift towards a smaller reaction coefficient  ((the fewest moles of gas  )

Reaction

H₂ + I₂ ⇔ 2HI

The reactant side of the equation has 2 moles of a gas(1 mole H₂ and 1 mole  I₂) ; the product side has 2 moles HI

So the total number of moles from both sides is the same(2 moles) so that the change in volume (pressure) does not change the direction of equilibrium⇒No shift will occur

Answer:

A. The reaction would remain in equilibrium

Explanation:

Answer:

0.05 moles

Explanation:

Formula: MgSO\(_{4}\)

Molecular mass: 120.366 g/mol

Given mass: 6.022 g

Setting up ratio between moles and mass:

moles      :      mass

   1           :       120.366

   X          :       6.022

X = 6.022/120.366

X = 0.05 moles

The smallest and least massive atomic particle is the electron, which is negatively charged.Due to the electron's extremely small mass, it is not counted inside the element's atomic number.

Although they are very small and possess a mass of 1/1850 of that of a protons or neutron, electrons carry a negative charge.Since they are so tiny, they do not, in reality, add to the weight of the atom.

These particles are frequently referred to it as subatomic particles since they are the building blocks of atoms.There are protons, neutrons, and electrons, three types of subatomic particles.Protons and electrons, two of a subatomic particles, each have an electrical charge of one or the other.

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Answer:

23

Explanation:

The group of elements in which Argon placed along with Neon and helium is called Noble gases.

Noble gases can be demonstrated as the 6 elements that belong to group 18 of the modern periodic table. These 6 elements in group 18 are Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, and Radon.

Under standard conditions of pressure and temperature, all noble gases exist in the gaseous form and exhibit extremely low chemical reactivity therefore they are named inert gas.  All the noble gases possess stable electronic configurations as their valence shell are fully filled. Therefore, the elements are found in monoatomic gases.

The general configuration of the noble gases can be represented as ‘ns²np⁶’ where n is the principal quantum number.

Therefore Argon is a noble gas so they have completely filled electronic configurations, and very little tendency to lose or gain an electron or inert nature.

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Filtration is a separation method used to separate out pure substances in mixtures comprised of particles some of which are large enough in size to be captured with a porous material. Particle size can vary considerably, given the type of mixture.

Evaporation is a technique used to separate out homogeneous mixtures that contain one or more dissolved salts. This process drives liquid components out of solid components. This process usually heats the mixture until the liquid is gone.

Distillation is an effective method of separating mixtures of two or more pure liquids. Distillation is a purification process that vaporizes, condenses, and separates the components of a liquid mixture.

Chromatography is the separation of a mixture by passing it in solution or suspension, or as a vapor through a medium in which the components move at different rates. Thin-layer chromatography is a special type of chromatography used for separating and identifying mixtures that are or can be colored especially pigments.

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The descending order of carbon-carbon bond length in C₂H₆, C₂H₄, and C₂H₂ is:-

C₂H₆, C₂H₄, C₂H₂

Hydrocarbons are compounds that consist of only hydrogen and carbon.

On the basis of the presence or absence of double bonds/triple bonds, they are of three types- alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.

The comparison between alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes is given in the adjoining image.

We can see that the bond length in alkanes like C₂H₆ is 1.53 A which is greater than alkenes(C₂H₄) , 1.33 A which is still greater than alkynes(C₂H₂) with a value of 1.18 A.

Thus, The descending order of carbon-carbon bond length in C₂H₆, C₂H₄, and C₂H₂ is:

C₂H₆, C₂H₄, C₂H₂

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Answer:

A BIG DI*CK

Explanation:

The given reaction is a dehydrohalogenation reaction. The following reaction depicts the dehydrohalogenation of 3-bromopentane:Thus, 3-bromopentane gives the alkene shown as the major product of the reaction.

Dehydrohalogenation is an elimination reaction, which involves the removal of a proton from the β-carbon, and the halide ion from the α-carbon of the alkyl halide. The removal of the proton and halide ion from the adjacent carbons forms a pi bond.  This type of reaction gives an alkene as the final product.

Therefore, the alkyl bromide which can give the alkene shown as the major product of the following reaction is the one which possesses adjacent beta-hydrogen atoms.

The bromoalkane shown in the reaction below has three beta-hydrogens so that 3- bromopentane will give 2-pentene as the major product. The following reaction depicts the dehydrohalogenation of 3-bromopentane:Thus, 3-bromopentane gives the alkene shown as the major product of the reaction.

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The main answer to the question is: The test statistic is 51.20 and the critical values are 9.591 and 34.170.

To explain the main answer, we are conducting a hypothesis test to determine if the population standard deviation of the pH of rain is indeed 0.5, as suggested by the theory. The null hypothesis (H0) is that the population standard deviation is 0.5, while the alternative hypothesis (H1) is that the population standard deviation is not 0.5.

In this case, we are given a random sample of 21 rainy days, and the sample standard deviation is 0.8. To test the hypothesis, we need to calculate the test statistic, which is given by the formula: test statistic = [(sample standard deviation) - (hypothesized standard deviation)] / (sample standard deviation / sqrt(sample size)).

Plugging in the values, we get: test statistic = [(0.8 - 0.5) / (0.8 / sqrt(21))] = 51.20.

To determine the critical values, we need to look at the critical region associated with the given significance level (alpha) of 0.05. Since this is a two-tailed test, we divide the significance level by 2, resulting in an alpha of 0.025 for each tail. Using the degrees of freedom (n-1), which is 20 in this case, we can consult the t-distribution table or use a statistical software to find the critical t-values. For an alpha of 0.025 and 20 degrees of freedom, the critical t-values are approximately ±2.093.

Converting the t-values to critical values using the formula: critical value = (hypothesized standard deviation) + (t-value * (sample standard deviation / sqrt(sample size))), we get: critical values = 0.5 + (2.093 * (0.8 / sqrt(21))) = 9.591 and 0.5 - (2.093 * (0.8 / sqrt(21))) = 34.170.

Therefore, the correct answer is: The test statistic is 51.20 and the critical values are 9.591 and 34.170.

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