Physics High School

what happens all by itself because the nucleus is unstable

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Answer 1

The atom will loose neutrons and protons as they attempt to become stable

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A spring with spring constant 58N/cm is stretched 4cm. How much force is it applying

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Answer:

232 N

Explanation:

By Hooke's law, the force applied to a spring is proportional to the stretch of the spring, so

F = kx

Where F is the force, k is the spring constant and x is how much it is stretched.

So, replacing k by 58N/cm and x by 4 cm, we get

F = (58 N/cm)(4 cm)

F = 232 N

Therefore, the force applied is 232 N

ball of mass m and cross-sectional area A is released from rest near the surface of Earth. The ball erences a resistive force due to the air that is proportional to the ball's velocity, F, exp ba, where b is a positive constant. Determine all algebraic answers in terms of m, b, A, and fundamental constants. (a) Calculate the terminal velocity vr of the ball. (2 points) (b) Starting from Newton's laws, derive an expression for the time required for the b third the terminal velocity. (4 points)

Answers

Answer:

t = \frac{2m}{3b} \left( \frac{1}{v_0} - \frac{v_t}{3} \right)

Explanation:

Equation to solve for the terminal velocity:

F_d = mg

The drag force is proportional to the velocity, so we can write it as:

F_d = -bv^2

-bv^2 = mg

v_t = \sqrt{\frac{mg}{b}}

Therefore, the terminal velocity is:

v_t = \sqrt{\frac{mg}{b}}

(b) Starting from Newton's laws, derive an expression for the time required for the ball to reach one third the terminal velocity.

F_d = ma

Substituting in the expression for the drag force, we get:

-bv^2 = m\frac{dv}{dt}

\frac{dv}{dt} = -\frac{bv^2}{m}

\int \frac{dv}{v^2} = -\int \frac{bdt}{m}

\frac{1}{v} = -\frac{b}{2m}t + C

\frac{1}{v_0} = -\frac{b}{2m}(0) + C

C = \frac{1}{v_0}

\frac{1}{v} = -\frac{b}{2m}t + \frac{1}{v_0}

v = \frac{1}{-\frac{b}{2m}t + \frac{1}{v_0}}

t = \frac{2m}{3b} \left( \frac{1}{v_0} - \frac{v_t}{3} \right)

Therefore, the time required for the ball to reach one third the terminal velocity is:

t = \frac{2m}{3b} \left( \frac{1}{v_0} - \frac{v_t}{3} \right)

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a) Why does the amplitude of a compound motor action potential (CMAP) change when stimulus intensity was increased?
b) The minimum voltage needed to evoke a CMAP differed a small amount between the stimulus sites. Why? (Proximal = 21.34 mV ; Distal = 22.56 mV)
c) The experimental conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve (NCV) is 30 m/s, but in young healthy adults, it is about 60 m/sec. How does the conduction velocity you calculated compare with this value? If your value differs, what is one plausible explanation for this deviation from the literature value? You should explain how a specific error condition could have lead to the deviation from the expected value.

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a) The amplitude of a Compound Motor Action Potential (CMAP) changes when stimulus intensity is increased because higher stimulus intensity leads to the recruitment of more motor units.

Motor units are the functional units of muscle contraction, consisting of a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates. When a stimulus is applied to a muscle, initially only a small number of motor units are activated. As the stimulus intensity increases, more motor units are recruited, resulting in a larger overall muscle response and a higher CMAP amplitude.

The small difference in the minimum voltage needed to evoke a CMAP between the stimulus sites may be due to variations in nerve fiber excitability and electrode placement. Nerve fibers may have different thresholds for activation, and the location and positioning of the stimulating electrode can influence the effective stimulus intensity at different sites along the nerve pathway. These factors can contribute to slight variations in the minimum voltage required to elicit a CMAP response.

The calculated conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve may differ from the literature value of 60 m/s due to several reasons. One plausible explanation is the presence of a conduction block or nerve injury along the ulnar nerve pathway. A conduction block occurs when there is interruption or impairment of nerve conduction, resulting in a slower conduction velocity. This can be caused by nerve compression, inflammation, demyelination, or other pathological conditions.

If such a conduction block exists in the ulnar nerve of the subject being tested, it could lead to a deviation from the expected conduction velocity and a lower calculated value. Further diagnostic tests, such as nerve conduction studies or imaging, could help identify and evaluate the underlying cause of the deviation.

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A centrifuge used in DNA extraction spins at a maximum rate of 7000rpm producing a "g-force" on the sample that is 6000 times the force of gravity. If the centrifuge takes 10 seconds to come to rest from the maximum spin rate: a) What is the angular acceleration of the centrifuge? b)what is the angular displacement of the centrifuge during this time

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Answer:

A) a = 73.304 rad/s²

B) Δθ = 3665.2 rad

Explanation:

A) From Newton's first equation of motion, we can say that;

a = (ω - ω_o)/t. We are given that the centrifuge spins at a maximum rate of 7000rpm.

Let's convert to rad/s = 7000 × 2π/60 = 733.04 rad/s

Thus change in angular velocity = (ω - ω_o) = 733.04 - 0 = 733.04 rad/s

We are given; t = 10 s

Thus;

a = 733.04/10

a = 73.304 rad/s²

B) From Newton's third equation of motion, we can say that;

ω² = ω_o² + 2aΔθ

Where Δθ is angular displacement

Making Δθ the subject;

Δθ = (ω² - ω_o²)/2a

At this point, ω = 0 rad/s while ω_o = 733.04 rad/s

Thus;

Δθ = (0² - 733.04²)/(2 × 73.304)

Δθ = -537347.6416/146.608

Δθ = - 3665.2 rad

We will take the absolute value.

Thus, Δθ = 3665.2 rad

With modulus of elasticity, MoE - 7,920 N/mm2 at 12% mo, what would be the expected MoE at 23% mc? Assume FSP = 30 % Give your answer in N/mm² to the nearest whole number.

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to find the modulus of elasticity MoE at 23% of moisture content based on the already given modulus of elasticity of 12% moisture content we need to consider a shrinkage behavior of material. the expected MoE comes out to be approximately $6,836 N/mm².$

given information:

Modulus of elasticity at 12% moisture content =7,920 N/mm²

resultant shrinkage or final shrinkage percentage FSP = 30%

To calculate the expected MoE at 23% moisture content we have the following equation:

MoE-23% = $MoE-12%$ $(1 - FSP (23 - 12) / (100 - 12))$

MoE-23% = $7,920 N/mm² × (1 - 0.30 × (23 - 12) / (100 - 12))$

MoE-23% =$7,920 N/mm² × (1 - 0.30 × 11 / 88)$

MoE-23% = $7,920 N/mm² × (1 - 0.1364)$

MoE-23% = $7,920 N/mm² × 0.8636$

MoE-23% = $6,836 N/mm²$

therefore the expected modulus of elasticity at 23% moisture content comes out to be approx $6,836 N/mm²$.

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what is the magnitude of the vector of 15 ft/s down

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The magnitude of a vector represents its length or size, regardless of its direction. In the case of a vector with a magnitude of 15 ft/s down, the magnitude is simply 15 ft/s.

The "down" direction indicates the direction of the vector, while the magnitude specifies the length or size of the vector. So, the magnitude of the vector in this case is 15 ft/s.

Given a volume of 1000. сm of an ideal gas at 300. K, what volume would it occupy at a temperature of 600. K?

Answers

Answer:

2000 cm³

Explanation:

Assuming the pressure is constant:

V / T = V / T

1000 cm³ / 300 K = V / 600 K

V = 2000 cm³

PLEASE HELP ASAP
Three gases are at the same temperature and so have the same kinetic energy . The atomic mass of gas 1 is 10amu the atomic mass of gas 2 is 25 and atomic mass of gas 3 is 8. Which gas will have the greatest velocity ?

Answers

Answer:

We mentioned in the study section of Lecture 2 that hydrogen and oxygen combine in the ratio of 1 to 8, but that this is not enough information for leading to the conclusion that two hydrogen atoms combine with one of oxygen to form a water molecule. A key idea is attributed to Avagadro who said that equal volumes of gas (at the same temperature and pressure) contain equal numbers of constituent atoms or molecules. Experiments show that two liters of hydrogen gas will combine with one liter of oxygen gas to form two liters of water vapor. Each hydrogen molecule in hydrogen gas consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded together. Likewise, two oxygen atoms bind to make a oxygen molecule.

A "model" of a physical process is used to represent what one actually observes, even though this is an "ideal" model and not expected to be correct in all respects. However, it is a good enough model to explain many of the properties of gases with sufficient accuracy.

The motion of gas particles can be used to explain the pressure exerted and the temperature of a gas. The pressure on a surface is due to the force on that surface divided by its area. The force comes about from the multiple impacts of individual gas particles. Temperature, on the other hand, is DEFINED in terms of the average kinetic energy assocated with the motion of the gas particles. The greater the kinetic energy, the greater the temperature. See the apparatus shown in Figure 7.6 of the text which gives a simple way of measuring the distributions of speeds of atomic particles.

To visualize how gas particles colliding with a container create pressure, see Website II.

Gas particles move in all possible directions with differing speeds. The Kinetic Energy (KE) of a gas particle is equal to 1/2 its mass times its speeds squared. That is KE = 1/2 M x V2 , where M is the mass of the gas particle and V is its speed. The gas particles have a range of speeds, just like cars on a road, but it is the average of the speed squared times the mass, or the average kinetic energy which characterizes the temperature of a gas.

High temperature is associated with high kinetic energies and low temperatures are associated with low kinetic energies. However, keep in mind that the kinetic energy, and in this case the temperature, is proportional to the mass times the speed squared. So heavy particles moving more slowly will have the same kinetic energy as light particles moving more rapidly. Also, because the kinetic energy varies as the square of the speed, if two particles have the same mass, but one moves twice as fast as the other, it will have four times the kinetic energy (or temperature).

If temperature is associated with kinetic energy of a gas, one could ask at this point what controls the temperature of solids and liquids. It turns out that it is the kinetic energy of the constituent atoms and molecules that characterize the temperature of liquids and solids as well. We show in class a transparency picturing a solid with its atoms rigidly connected to each other. We will discuss more about liquids and solids in the next lecture, based on chapter 8. However, for now, let's keep in mind that the atoms or molecules in a solid, although bound to its neighbors in a rigid structure, can oscillate back and forth, and it is this motion that characterizes the temperature of a solid (or in a similar manner, of a liquid as well). As before, rapid oscillations mean high temperatures, and slower oscillations are lower temperatures.

4 - The Three Temperature Scales

There are three temperature scales. In the United States, we commonly use the Farenheit scale while in most other nations, the Celsius or Centigrade scale is used. Figure 7.10 shows these two scales side by side. Water boils at 212 degrees Farenheit or 100 degrees Centigrade. Water freezes at 32 degrees Farenheit or zero degrees Centigrade. However, the most important temperature scale for scientific calculations is the absolute temperature scale, or the Kelvin scale. Zero degrees Kelvin is the coldest possible temperature: it can be physically interpreted as the situation where the atoms or molecules have zero kinetic energy...so this is a very natural temperature scale. Zero degrees Kelvin is also -273 degrees Centigrade. Water freezes at +273 degrees Kelvin and zero degrees Centigrate. Hence, a difference of one degree is the same on the Centigrade and Kelvin scales, but the zero points are different.

R.S. Panvini

9/2/2002Explanation:

what are the causative agents of diseases?

Answers

Answer:

Viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, helminths(worms)

A disk with radius R has uniform surface charge density σ.

Part A

By regarding the disk as a series of thin concentric rings, calculate the electric potential V at a point on the disk's axis a distance x from the center of the disk. Assume that the potential is zero at infinity. (Hint: Use the result that potential at a point on the ring axis at a distance x from the center of the ring is V=14πϵ0Qx2+a2√ where Q is the charge of the ring. )

Express your answer in terms of the given quantities and appropriate constants.

Part B

Calculate −∂V/∂x.

Express your answer in terms of the given quantities and appropriate constants

Answers

Part A: The electric potential V at a point on the disk's axis a distance x from the center of the disk is given by:

V = σ/2ε₀ × $(R^{2}/(x^{2} +R^{2} )^{1/2})$

Part B: After calculating for −∂V/∂x we get:

-∂V/∂x = σR²x/2ε₀$(x^{2}+R^{2})^{3/2}$

Part A:

The disc can be split into a number of thin, concentric rings in order to compute the electric potential V at a point on its axis that is located x distance from the disk's centre.

Each ring's potential is determined by:

$V_{ring}$ = 1/4πε₀ × ($Q_{ring}$ / $(x^{2} +R^{2} )^{1/2}$)

where

$Q_{ring}$ is the charge of the ring and

ε₀ is the permittivity of free space.

Since

the disk has uniform surface charge density σ, the charge on each ring is given by:

$Q_{ring}$ = σ × 2πr × dr

where

r is the radius of the ring and

dr is its thickness.

By substituting $Q_{ring}$ into the expression for $V_{ring}$, we get:

$V_{ring}$ = 1/4πε₀ × (σ × 2πr × dr / $(x^{2} +R^{2} )^{1/2}$)

By integrating across all the rings, it is possible to get the total potential V at any point along the axis of the disc:

V = ∫V_ring

V = ∫(1/4πε₀ × (σ x 2πr × dr / $(x^{2} +R^{2} )^{1/2}$)

V = σ/2ε₀ × ∫(r / $(x^{2} +R^{2} )^{1/2}$) dr from 0 to R

By evaluating the integral and simplifying, we get:

V = σ/2ε₀ × [$(R^{2}/(x^{2} +R^{2} )^{1/2})$ - $(0/(x^2+0^2)^{1/2})$]

V = σ/2ε₀ × $(R^{2}/(x^{2} +R^{2} )^{1/2})$

Therefore, the electric potential V at a point on the disk's axis a distance x from the center of the disk is given by:

V = σ/2ε₀ × $(R^{2}/(x^{2} +R^{2} )^{1/2})$

Part B:

To find the value of −∂V/∂x,

The derivative of the equation for V with regard to x must be taken:

∂V/∂x = -σR²x/2ε₀$(x^{2}+R^{2})^{3/2}$

Hence, the expression for −∂V/∂x is:

-∂V/∂x = σR²x/2ε₀$(x^{2}+R^{2})^{3/2}$

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If the frequency of a wave is
20
H
z
, what is the period of the wave?

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Answer: 0.05 secs is the time period

13. Which of the following is not true of Mercury? Mercury rotates exactly three times for every two orbits it makes around the Sun. Mercury has essentially no atmosphere. Its surface is heavily cratered. Even on Mercury's night side, the temperature is hot enough to melt lead. 14. Which of the following statements about Mars is not true? Its surface is frozen today, but evidence indicates it had flowing water in the distant past. We have landed robotic spacecraft on its surface. It has mountains that are taller than the tallest mountains on Earth. We could survive on Mars without spacesuits, as long as we brought oxygen in scuba tanks. 15. Which moons of our solar system are sometimes called the Galilean moons? the two largest moons in the solar system: Ganymede and Titan the moons orbiting Uranus, which was once named "planet Galileo" the four largest moons of Jupiter: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto the moons that orbit their planet "backward" compared to their planet's rotation, such as Neptune's moon Triton

Answers

The correct answer is even on Mercury's night side, the temperature is hot enough to melt lead. (it is very cold)

How is the temperature of Mercury?

Mercury experiences very high temperatures. The surface can get as hot as 800 degrees Fahrenheit during the day (430 degrees Celsius). Temperatures on the planet's surface can plunge to minus 290 degrees Fahrenheit at night since there isn't an atmosphere to trap that heat (minus 180 degrees Celsius).

Thus, the answer is even on Mercury's night side, the temperature is hot enough to melt lead.

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What happens to sediment as a result of erosion and deposition?
(Basically what happens when Erosion or Deposition occur I think. Pls tell me if I was right along with your answer.)

Answers

Answer:

In the explanation

Explanation:

After erosion and eruptions which is a primary occuration for sediments, this will create heat and tough pressure leading the sediment to be extremely stable and Hard.

What is the displacement when t =2s to 3s

Answers

Answer:

t=5s

Explanation:

t=2 + t= 3s = t= 5s

1. A 42 kg parachutist lands moving straight downward with a speed of 3.85 m/s. a. Is the parachutist comes to rest with constant acceleration over a distance of 0.750 m, what force does the ground exert on her

Answers

The force does the ground exert on her when a 42 kg parachutist lands moving straight downward with a speed of 3.85 m/s is 415.03N

Given the mass of parachutist (m) = 42kg

speed of parachute (v) = 3.85m/s

distance the parachutist covers (s) = 0.750m

Finally the parachutist comes to rest the final velocity = 0m/s

constant acceleration is maintained.

We know from newtons law of motion F = ma

Here v^2 - u^2 = 2as. So we can find acceleration as:

a = -u^2/2s = -3.85 x 3.85/ 2x 0.750 = -9.88m/s^2

The force exerted (F) = 42 x -9.88 = -415.03N

Hence force does the ground exert on her is 415.03N.

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The force does the ground exert on her when a 42 kg parachutist lands moving straight downward with a speed of 3.85 m/s is 415.03N

Describe force.

An external force is an agent that has the power to alter the resting or moving condition of a body. It has a direction and a magnitude. The application of force is the location at which force is applied, and the direction in which the force is applied is known as the direction of the force.

A spring balance can be used to calculate the Force. Newton is the SI unit of force (N).

Given the mass of parachutist (m) = 42kg

speed of parachute (v) = 3.85m/s

distance the parachutist covers (s) = 0.750m

Finally the parachutist comes to rest the final velocity = 0m/s

constant acceleration is maintained.

We know from newtons law of motion F = ma

Here v^2 - u^2 = 2as. So we can find acceleration as:

a = -u^2/2s = -3.85 x 3.85/ 2x 0.750 = -9.88m/s^2

The force exerted (F) = 42 x -9.88 = -415.03N

Hence force does the ground exert on her is 415.03N.

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what is equation for molality?

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Molality (m) is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution, and is defined as the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

The equation for molality is:

m = moles of solute / mass of solvent in kg

Concentration is the ability to focus one's attention and mental effort on a specific task or activity. It involves filtering out distractions and staying attentive to the task at hand. The level of concentration can vary depending on the person, the task, and the environment.

Concentration is an important aspect of productivity and can help individuals achieve their goals more efficiently. A lack of concentration can lead to procrastination, errors, and reduced performance. There are many techniques that can help improve concentration, such as creating a quiet and organized workspace, breaking tasks into smaller manageable parts, taking breaks, and avoiding multitasking. Additionally, engaging in activities that promote mindfulness, such as meditation and yoga, can also improve concentration.

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Determine the Relative Humidity, Dew Point, and Lifting Condensation Level: 1. The temperature is 30∘F and it contains 3.5 g/kg of water vapor. 2. The temperature is 50∘F and it contains 5.70 g/kg of water vapor. 3. The temperature is 70∘F and it contains 3.5 g/kg of water vapor. 4. The temperature is 80∘F and it contains 5.60 g/kg of water vapor. 5. The temperature is 80∘F and it contains 11.56 g/kg of water vapor. 6. The temperature is 30∘F and the mixing ratio is 3.5. 7. The temperature is 70∘F and the mixing ratio is 8.32. 8. The temperature is 70∘F and the mixing ratio is 3.66. 9. The temperature is 80∘F and the mixing ratio is 17.59. 10. The temperature is 50∘F and the mixing ratio is 6.54.

Answers

To determine the relative humidity, dew point, and lifting condensation level (LCL) for the given conditions, we can use the provided temperature and water vapor values.

Here are the calculations for each scenario:

1. Temperature: 30°F, Water Vapor: 3.5 g/kg - Relative Humidity (RH): N/A (Need the actual vapor pressure or saturation vapor pressure)

- Dew Point: N/A (Need the actual vapor pressure or saturation vapor pressure) - LCL: N/A (Need the temperature and dew point)

2. Temperature: 50°F, Water Vapor: 5.70 g/kg

- Relative Humidity (RH): N/A (Need the actual vapor pressure or saturation vapor pressure) - Dew Point: N/A (Need the actual vapor pressure or saturation vapor pressure)