What fraction of ice is submerged when it floats in freshwater, given the density of water at 0°C is very close to 1000 kg/m? and the density of ice is 916.8 kg/m3?

We need to know the molecular mass in order to determine the molecular formula from the empirical formula of a compound.

Molecular formula is formed from the actual number of elements that are involved in forming the molecule whereas empirical formula is the reduced ratio of the elements present in the compound.

We can determine the empirical formula of a substance by taking the subscripts of the molecular formula and reducing it to simplest whole number ratio.

we can calculate the molecular formula as:

n = molecular mass/ empirical formula mass

where n is any positive number.

Thus, when molecular mass is known , molecular formula can be determined form the empirical formula of a compound.

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Answer:

B.electrostatic repulsion by gold nuclei

Explanation:

According to Rutherford's experiment, a thin gold foil was bombarded with alpha particles. Some of the particles passed through the foil undeviated, some were scattered through large angles while some bounced backwards.

It follows that the particles that bounced backwards must have encountered a massive particle of like charge.

The atom is composed of a nucleus which contains positively charged particles. Some of the alpha particles which are positively charged particles bounced back when they encountered the positively charged particles in the nucleus.

Answer: The correct option is B (electrostatic repulsion by gold nuclei).

Explanation:

In the Rutherford's experiment, he used positively charged particles called alpha particles to bombard an atom in order to find out what is inside the atom. Together with two other scientists, Geiger and Marsden, they used a narrow beam of alpha particles emitted from a radioactive source to bombard a thin gold foil. The scattering of the particles from the gold foil was detected by a movable zinc sulphide screen which could be rotated to various positions around the foil.

Each time an alpha particle hit the screen, a visible flash of light or scintillation was produced. This was observed by a microscope attached to the screen. It was then observed that some of the particles followed a straight path through the gold foil while a few where scattered in a backward direction. This was as a result of electrostatic repulsion by gold nuclei which occurs due to the greater part of the mass of the atom was concentrated in a minute nucleus with positive charge.

For a first-order reaction, the rate of the reaction is proportional to the concentration of the reactant:

Rate = k[A]

Where [A] is the concentration of the reactant and k is the rate constant. The integrated rate law for a first-order reaction is:

ln([A]t/[A]0) = -kt

Where [A]t is the concentration of the reactant at time t and [A]0 is the initial concentration.

To find the first and second half-lives, we need to use the fact that the reaction is 75% complete after 395 s. This means that [A]t/[A]0 = 0.25, and we can substitute this value into the integrated rate law:

ln(0.25) = -k(395)

Solving for k, we get:

k = ln(0.25) / (-395) ≈ 0.00226 s^-1

The first half-life is the time it takes for the concentration of the reactant to decrease to half of its initial value. We can use the integrated rate law to solve for the first half-life:

ln(0.5) = -k(t1/2)

Solving for t1/2, we get:

t1/2 = ln(2) / k ≈ 307 s

The second half-life is the time it takes for the concentration of the reactant to decrease to one-fourth of its initial value. We can use the same equation and substitute [A]t/[A]0 = 0.25 again:

ln(0.25) = -k(t2/2)

Solving for t2/2, we get:

t2/2 = ln(4) / k ≈ 1229 s

Therefore, the first half-life for this reaction is approximately 307 s, and the second half-life is approximately 1229 s.

The taste of the solutions would be the same. The sweetness of a solution is determined by the concentration of sugar molecules, not the volume of the solution.

In both containers, 10 g of sugar is dissolved. Sugar molecules are evenly distributed throughout the solution. Therefore, the concentration of sugar is the same in both cases.

The taste buds on our tongue detect the presence and concentration of sugar molecules, not the volume of the solution. So, whether the sugar is dissolved in 100 mL or 500 mL of water, the taste sensation would be the same.

The volume of the solution does not affect the sweetness perception. The taste buds on our tongue are only sensitive to the concentration of sugar molecules, not the total volume of the solution. In both containers, there are 10 grams of sugar, which means the concentration of sugar is the same. When we taste the solutions, the taste buds detect the sugar molecules, and the brain interprets this as sweetness. Therefore, both solutions would taste equally sweet. The amount of water used to dissolve the sugar only affects the volume of the solution, not its sweetness.

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The reason why volumetric flasks are used instead of beakers or graduated cylinders is that Volumetric flasks are calibrated to contain a precise volume of liquid at a particular temperature, making them more accurate than graduated cylinders.

Beakers and graduated cylinders are not as accurate or precise and are more suitable for approximate measurements. Additionally, volumetric flasks are designed to minimize evaporation and reduce errors due to meniscus formation, which can affect the accuracy of the final concentration of the standard solution. Therefore, volumetric flasks are the preferred choice for preparing standard solutions from solids.

Accuracy: Volumetric flasks are designed to deliver a precise volume of liquid at a specific temperature, making them more accurate than graduated cylinders.

Precision: Volumetric flasks are designed to minimize evaporation and errors due to meniscus formation, resulting in higher precision than graduated cylinders.

Consistency: Volumetric flasks deliver a consistent volume of liquid every time, while the volume of liquid delivered by graduated cylinders can vary depending on the user's technique.

Ease of use: Volumetric flasks are easy to use, with a simple and straightforward procedure for filling and measuring the liquid. Graduated cylinders require more technique and practice to use accurately.

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The number of atoms in 0.0082g of gold is 2.50 x 10^19 atoms.

What is a molar mass in chemistry?

Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, usually expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). It is a fundamental concept in chemistry that allows us to relate the mass of a substance to the number of atoms or molecules present.

The molar mass of gold (Au) is approximately 197 g/mol. To find the number of atoms in 0.0082 g of gold, we first need to calculate the number of moles of gold present:

moles of gold = mass of gold / molar mass of gold moles of gold = 0.0082 g / 197 g/mol moles of gold = 4.16 x 10^-5 mol

Next, we can use Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol) to convert the number of moles to the number of atoms:

number of atoms = moles of gold x Avogadro's number number of atoms = 4.16 x 10^-5 mol x 6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol number of atoms = 2.50 x 10^19 atoms

Therefore, there are approximately 2.50 x 10^19 atoms in 0.0082 g of gold.

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Answer:

One mole of H2O corresponds to 18 g .

Answer:

True

Explanation:

This is known as a lapse rate. When you shout something to someone across the lake, the sound waves near the surface end up moving faster than the sound waves higher up. Since the speed is greatest near the ground, sound waves bend upward, causing the audio to be just out of ears reach.

Secondary pollutants are produced in the air as a part of photochemical smog resulting from a chemical reaction in the presence of sunlight.

The secondary pollutants are the type of pollutants that are formed as a result of combination of two or more primary pollutants in the presence of sunlight.

Examples of secondary pollutants include the following:

Therefore, Secondary pollutants are produced in the air as a part of photochemical smog resulting from a chemical reaction in the presence of sunlight.

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Answer:

2Mg + O2 → 2MgO

Explanation:

Answer: Unbalanced Forces

Explanation: The bigger the unbalanced force acting on the object the bigger the acceleration of the object. The more mass the object has, the more inclined it is to resist any change to its motion.

If this reaction was performed with 2-methylbut-2-ene instead of 1-octene, the major product would be a 2-methylbutanoic acid. If 2-methylbut-2-ene was reacted with aqueous sulfuric acid, the major product would be 2-methylbutane-2-sulfonic acid.

Without the knowledge of the given reaction, it's difficult to provide a proper explanation about the major product. However, based on the given reactants, 1-octene and aqueous sulfuric acid, it can be assumed that the reaction is hydration of 1-octene using aqueous sulfuric acid as a catalyst.

If 2-methylbut-2-ene was used instead of 1-octene, the reaction will still follow the same mechanism. The alkene will undergo hydration to form an alcohol. The major product formed would be 2-methylbutanal.The reaction mechanism for the hydration of 2-methylbut-2-ene using aqueous sulfuric acid as a catalyst is as follows:

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Answer:

mp -5; bp 30

Explanation:

That will be a liquid at room temperature, and it will evaporate quite quickly. Room temperature is generally considered 20 degrees Celsius. Choice B melts from a solid to a liquid at -5 degrees, so it's a liquid at room temperature as long as the boiling point is higher than 20 degrees.

Answer:

#1 You get valid data for one.

#2 Not measuring accurately can have some bad consequences.
#3  If you mix the wrong amount of chemicals you can end up getting yourself or worse other people hurt.
#4 When making food you need to measure the amount of sugar or salt you put into the dish or else your face will be this

Answer:

Transportation. How much fuel is needed to reach a certain point and how long will it take to get somewhere?

Structure is the common theme that is found in all the multitude of reasons for the importance of measurements. Measurements provide structure and remove the chaos that would result without any congruent method of understanding weight, mass, temperature, etc.

Keeping yourself warm or cool. If the temperature outside decreases or increases you have to make an adjustment on your thermostat in order to remain at a safe and healthy temperature. Understanding the measurement scale of a thermostat is critical in this regard or else you may find yourself feeling rather uncomfortable.

Taking proper medicine. If you ill (whether serious or minor) you need to take your medicine and take it in the proper amount. If you take too little or too much then you are not going to get the proper benefit from it.

Proper use of capacity. Without a clear concept of capacity, you might find yourself pouring an entire half gallon of apple juice into a small glass.

Explanation:

Measurements are so often taken for granted we sometimes do not appreciate the grand importance measurements play in our lives. On a baseline level, measurements fall into the categories of weight, area, volume, length and even temperature. While we look at these various categories as stoic forms of mathematical measurements a closer examination of things we do in everyday life reveals their clear importance.

According to the electronic configuration, Li,C, F belong to same period as they have 2 shells .Among F,S, P it is neither same period or group and for O,S,Se they belong to the same group as they have 6 valence electrons.

Electronic configuration is defined as the distribution of electrons which are present in an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.It describes how each electron moves independently in an orbital.

Knowledge of electronic configuration is necessary for understanding the structure of periodic table.It helps in understanding the chemical properties of elements.

Elements undergo chemical reactions in order to achieve stability. Main group elements obey the octet rule in their electronic configuration while the transition elements follow the 18 electron rule. Noble elements have valence shell complete in ground state and hence are said to be stable.

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The correct statement regarding the solubility characteristics of drugs is that volatile liquids have higher blood: gas partition coefficients. Therefore, option C is correct.

A drug's solubility refers to the amount of the drug that dissolves in a given solvent or solution under specific conditions of temperature and pressure. The concentration of drug molecules in a solution increases as a drug's solubility increases. Because the drug is in solution, it is available for absorption by the body. Explanation: The solubility characteristics of drugs have the following properties: As the blood: gas partition coefficient (B: G) of the drug rises, so does its solubility in blood, making option A incorrect. Conversely, as the B: G ratio decreases, a drug is less soluble in blood.

Volatile liquids with higher blood: gas partition coefficients are more soluble in blood, making option C the right answer. As the B: G ratio rises, so does a drug's solubility in blood. The more soluble anesthetics have a shorter onset of action, making option B incorrect. Therefore, the correct statement regarding the solubility characteristics of drugs is that volatile liquids have higher blood: gas partition coefficients.

Option C is the correct answer.

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Answer:

physical

Explanation:

the snow caused the erosion.

Answer:

physical

Explanation:

Answer:

14

Explanation:

The sum of pH and pOH is always equal to 14.

10.0 L volume will this gas sample occupy if the pressure is increased to 2. 00 atm.

Volume is a measure of the amount of space an object occupies. It is a three-dimensional measure, meaning that it takes into account length, width, and height. Volume is measured in cubic units, such as cubic meters (m³), cubic centimeters (cm³), cubic feet (ft³), and so on. Volume is an important concept in many scientific fields, such as chemistry, physics, and engineering.

The volume of the gas sample can be calculated using the ideal gas law equation: PV = nRT

where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the amount of substance, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature.

Since the temperature and amount of substance remain constant, we can rearrange the equation to solve for V: V = nRT/P

Plugging in the known values, we get:

V = (n)(0.0821 atm•L/mol•K)(298 K)/(2.00 atm)

V = 10.0 L

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Answer:

nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn

Explanation:

jhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhbhhhh

Answer:

Explanation:

Electricity is the flow of electrically charged particles, not a form of matter.

The following as elements (E), compounds (C) or Mixtures (M).

Diamond - E, Sugar- C, Milk - M, Iron- E, Air- M, Sulfuric Acid- C, Gasoline - M, Electricity- X, Krypton- E, Bismuth - E, Uranium - E, Kool-Aid -M,

An element is the smallest part of a substance that is capable of independent existence. An element cannot be broken down into any other substance. Krypton, Bismuth etc are all elements.

A compound is defined a combination of two or more elements which are chemically combined together e.g NH3, CO2 etc.

A mixture is defined as any combination of substances that are not chemically combined together. E.g Pizza, milk etc

The following as elements (E), compounds (C) or Mixtures (M).

Diamond - E

Sugar- C

Milk - M

Iron- E

Air- M

Sulfuric Acid- C

Gasoline - M

Electricity- X

Krypton- E

Bismuth - E

Uranium - E

Kool-Aid -M

Water - C

Alcohol - C

Pail of Garbage - M

Ammonia - C

Salt - C

Energy - X

Gold - E

Wood - M

Bronze - M

Ink - M

Pizza - M

Dry Ice - C

Baking Soda - C

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While multipurpose dry chemical agents are effective for many types of fires, they may not be as effective for class K fires involving cooking oils and fats. Specialized wet chemical agents are often the preferred choice for tackling these fires due to their ability to cool, penetrate, and prevent re-ignition.

A potential problem with the application of a multipurpose dry chemical agent to a class K fire is that it may not effectively extinguish the fire or prevent re-ignition. Class K fires involve flammable cooking oils and fats, commonly found in commercial kitchens.

Multipurpose dry chemical agents are typically designed to extinguish class A, B, and C fires. They work by interrupting the chemical reactions that sustain the fire. However, when it comes to class K fires, the high temperatures and unique properties of cooking oils and fats can pose challenges.

One reason for the potential problem is that multipurpose dry chemical agents may not cool the burning cooking oils and fats enough to prevent re-ignition. These fires can reach extremely high temperatures, and if the agent doesn't effectively cool the fuel source, the fire may rekindle once the agent dissipates.

Another potential problem is that the dry chemical agent may not fully penetrate the cooking oils and fats to reach the base of the fire. The thick consistency of these fuels can create a barrier that prevents the agent from effectively reaching the core of the fire. This can result in incomplete extinguishment and the fire continuing to burn.

To address these challenges, specialized wet chemical agents are often used for class K fires. These agents are specifically formulated to cool the fuel source and create a foam-like blanket that prevents re-ignition. They have better penetration capabilities and are designed to handle the unique properties of cooking oils and fats.

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Group 1 elements will be more reactive than group 2 because group 1 element has one valence electrons.

The kind of elements which posses 1 valence electrons, will  be kept in group 1. Due to it has 1 valence electrons, hence it will be more reactive.

In a group, by moving top to down in the periodic table reactivity increases.

Reactivity would be a parameter that expresses how easily a substance reacts chemically. The chemical may react alone or in combination with some other atoms or molecules, and energy is often released as a result of the reaction. The most reactive substances and elements have the potential to spontaneously as well as explosively ignite.

Therefore, group 1 elements will be reactive than group 2 elements.

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To solve this problem, we need to use the pH formula:

pH = -log[H+]

where [H+] represents the concentration of hydrogen ions in moles per liter (M).

To find [H+], we can rearrange the formula:

[H+] = 10^(-pH)

Substituting pH = 3.69, we get:

[H+] = 10^(-3.69) = 2.21 × 10^(-4) M

Since hydrochloric acid is a strong acid, it completely dissociates in water to give hydrogen ions and chloride ions:

HCl(aq) → H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

Therefore, the concentration of hydrochloric acid required to give a solution with a pH of 3.69 is also 2.21 × 10^(-4) M.

In 0.75 moles of caffeine, there are a total of 6 carbon atoms, 7.5 hydrogen atoms, 3 nitrogen atoms, and 1.5 oxygen atoms.

To determine the total number of atoms in 0.75 moles of caffeine, we need to consider the molecular formula of caffeine, which is C8H10N4O2. The molecular formula provides the ratios of each element present in the compound. By multiplying the number of atoms in each element by the corresponding coefficient in the molecular formula, we can calculate the total number of atoms. In this case, there are 8 carbon (C) atoms, 10 hydrogen (H) atoms, 4 nitrogen (N) atoms, and 2 oxygen (O) atoms in each molecule of caffeine. Multiplying these values by 0.75 moles will give us the total number of atoms in 0.75 moles of caffeine.

The molecular formula of caffeine, C8H10N4O2, provides the number of atoms for each element present in one molecule of caffeine. In this case, there are 8 carbon (C) atoms, 10 hydrogen (H) atoms, 4 nitrogen (N) atoms, and 2 oxygen (O) atoms.

To calculate the total number of atoms in 0.75 moles of caffeine, we need to multiply the number of atoms for each element by the coefficient in the molecular formula, and then multiply that by the number of moles (0.75 moles).

For carbon (C): 8 atoms x 0.75 moles = 6 atoms (since there are 8 carbon atoms in one molecule of caffeine).

For hydrogen (H): 10 atoms x 0.75 moles = 7.5 atoms (since there are 10 hydrogen atoms in one molecule of caffeine).

For nitrogen (N): 4 atoms x 0.75 moles = 3 atoms (since there are 4 nitrogen atoms in one molecule of caffeine).

For oxygen (O): 2 atoms x 0.75 moles = 1.5 atoms (since there are 2 oxygen atoms in one molecule of caffeine).

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A food web is better to understand the feeding relationship among the organism than the food chain because it has more number of participants.

A food chain is a linear relationship between the organism but the food web is a combination of several food chains that are interconnected together to form a web like structure.

The food web is a better option to understand and represent the feeding relationship between any two organism because they have more number of member in the food web. They crosslinks each other and one organism participate into more than one food chain that more practically correct.

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when molten CaF2 is electrolyzed by a current of 9.55 A for 19 h, approximately 136 g of calcium metal is produced.

To determine the mass of calcium produced when molten CaF2 is electrolyzed by a current of 9.55 A for 19 h, we'll use Faraday's Law of Electrolysis.

First, calculate the total charge passed through the electrolyte:
Charge (Q) = Current (I) × Time (t)
Q = 9.55 A × (19 h × 3600 s/h) = 653,940 C

Next, determine the number of moles of electrons (n):
n = Q / (Faraday constant F)
n = 653,940 C / (96,485 C/mol) ≈ 6.77 mol

The balanced equation for the electrolysis of CaF2 is:
2F- → F2 + 2e-
Ca2+ + 2e- → Ca

The mole ratio between calcium and electrons is 1:2. So, the number of moles of calcium produced is:
Moles of Ca = 0.5 × Moles of electrons
Moles of Ca = 0.5 × 6.77 mol ≈ 3.39 mol

Finally, calculate the mass of calcium:
Mass of Ca = Moles of Ca × Molar mass of Ca
Mass of Ca = 3.39 mol × 40.08 g/mol ≈ 136 g

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Answer:

(B) summer solstice

Explanation: hope this helps!