What does a high boiling point temperature indicate about a substance?
A. Little heat has been added to the system.
B. Intermolecular forces are hard to overcome.
C. Chemical bond energy is very high.
D. The pressure over the liquid is very low.​

Answer:

I do

Explanation:

I would love points because I like them.

If more \(H_{2}\) and \(N_{2}\) are added to the reaction 3\(H_{2}\) + N2 → 2\(NH_{3}\) after it reaches equilibrium, two events will occur Shift in Equilibrium and Increased Yield of \(NH_{3}\)

1. Shift in Equilibrium: According to Le Chatelier's principle, when additional reactants are added, the equilibrium will shift in the forward direction to consume the added reactants and establish a new equilibrium. In this case, more \(NH_{3}\) will be produced to counteract the increase in \(H_{2}\) and \(N_{2}\).

2. Increased Yield of \(NH_{3}\): The shift in equilibrium towards the forward reaction will result in an increased yield of \(NH_{3}\). As more \(H_{2}\) and \(N_{2}\) are added, the reaction will favor the production of \(NH_{3}\) to maintain equilibrium. This will lead to an increase in the concentration of \(NH_{3}\) compared to the initial equilibrium state.

It is important to note that the equilibrium position will ultimately depend on factors such as the concentrations of \(H_{2}\), \(N_{2}\), and \(NH_{3}\), as well as the temperature and pressure of the system. By adding more reactants, the equilibrium will adjust to achieve a new balance, favoring the formation of more \(NH_{3}\).

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Answer:

56.0774g/mol

Explanation:

hope you like it ☺️

Answer:

C

Explanation:

The ball is undergoing a gravitational potential to kinetic energy transformation. When the ball is at the top of the slope, it has the potential to be moved down by gravity, hence the name. When it's rolling down the slope, it turns to kinetic energy, which is when something moves.

Answer:

50%, pups haven't solidfur

2. DOMINANT FF IS NOT POSSIBLE

When sodium chloride is added to 100 grams of water in a styrofoam cup and the temperature decreases from 25°C to 24°C while stirring with a thermometer, the thermodynamics of dissolving NaCl in water can be said to be endothermic.

Explanation: Thermodynamics is the science that studies the connection between heat, work, and energy. A study of energy transformation in various processes, including chemical reactions, phase transitions, and changes in temperature and pressure, is included in thermodynamics.

When sodium chloride is dissolved in water, an endothermic reaction occurs, meaning that the surroundings absorb heat. Heat is absorbed by the surroundings during an endothermic reaction, resulting in a decrease in temperature in the reaction vessel.

When NaCl is dissolved in water, the same thing happens. Heat is absorbed from the surroundings to dissolve the salt, resulting in a decrease in temperature. As a result, the thermodynamics of dissolving NaCl in water is endothermic.

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Answer:

One type of cleaner that is highly effective for removing mineral deposits is an acid-based cleaner.

Explanation:

Mineral deposits, such as limescale, rust, or hard water stains, can be stubborn and difficult to remove. Acid-based cleaners are specifically formulated to dissolve and break down these mineral deposits. The acidic properties of these cleaners work by reacting with the minerals, causing them to loosen and dissolve, making it easier to remove them from various surfaces.

Two commonly used acid-based cleaners for removing mineral deposits are vinegar and lemon juice. Vinegar, which contains acetic acid, can be applied directly or used as a soak to effectively remove mineral deposits on surfaces.

A mineral deposit refers to the accumulation or concentration of minerals in a specific location or geological formation. It occurs through natural processes over extended periods of time. Mineral deposits can be found in various forms, such as solid masses, veins, or scattered grains within rocks or sediments.

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One type of cleaner that is highly effective for removing mineral deposits is an acid-based cleaner. Mineral deposits, such as those caused by hard water or limescale, are often composed of calcium, magnesium, and other minerals that can be dissolved by acidic substances.

Acid-based cleaners work by reacting with the mineral deposits, breaking them down and dissolving them. Common examples of acid-based cleaners include vinegar (acetic acid), lemon juice (citric acid), and commercial descaling products that contain stronger acids like hydrochloric acid or phosphoric acid. The acidic nature of these cleaners allows them to effectively remove mineral deposits from various surfaces, such as sinks, faucets, showerheads, and toilet bowls. The acids react with the minerals, causing them to dissolve and be easily wiped or rinsed away. However, it's important to exercise caution when using acid-based cleaners as they can be corrosive to certain materials, such as marble or some types of metal. It's recommended to follow the manufacturer's instructions and test the cleaner on a small, inconspicuous area before applying it to the entire surface.

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Answer:

When gaseous state changes into liquid state the molecules slow down in speed because of decrease in energy molecules come slightly closer to each other.

Amount of calcium chloride ( \(CaCl_{2}\) ) there are 0.8575 moles of \(CaCl_2\) in 4.90 L of 0.175 M \(CaCl_2\)solution. Amount of \(NaNO_3\) there are 0.5625 moles of \(NaNO_3\) in 225 mL of 2.50 M \(NaNO_3\)solution.

For the first part:

Given, volume of \(CaCl_{2}\) solution = 4.90 L

Concentration of \(CaCl_{2}\) solution = 0.175 M

To find the amount of calcium chloride (\(CaCl_{2}\)) in the solution, we need to multiply the volume of the solution with the concentration of the solution. The unit of the answer will be moles (mol).

Amount of \(CaCl_{2}\) = Volume of solution × Concentration of solution

Amount of \(CaCl_{2}\) = 4.90 L × 0.175 mol/L

Amount of \(CaCl_{2}\) = 0.8575 mol

Therefore, there are 0.8575 moles of \(CaCl_{2}\) in 4.90 L of 0.175 M \(CaCl_{2}\) solution.

For the second part:

Given, volume of \(NaNO_3\) solution = 225 mL = 0.225 L

Concentration of \(NaNO_3\) solution = 2.50 M

To find the amount of Sodium nitrate (\(NaNO_3\)) in the solution, we need to multiply the volume of the solution with the concentration of the solution. The unit of the answer will be moles (mol).

Amount of \(NaNO_3\) = Volume of solution × Concentration of solution

Amount of \(NaNO_3\) = 0.225 L × 2.50 mol/L

Amount of \(NaNO_3\) = 0.5625 mol

Therefore, there are 0.5625 moles of \(NaNO_3\) in 225 mL of 2.50 M \(NaNO_3\) solution.

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The main answer to the question is: The test statistic is 51.20 and the critical values are 9.591 and 34.170.

To explain the main answer, we are conducting a hypothesis test to determine if the population standard deviation of the pH of rain is indeed 0.5, as suggested by the theory. The null hypothesis (H0) is that the population standard deviation is 0.5, while the alternative hypothesis (H1) is that the population standard deviation is not 0.5.

In this case, we are given a random sample of 21 rainy days, and the sample standard deviation is 0.8. To test the hypothesis, we need to calculate the test statistic, which is given by the formula: test statistic = [(sample standard deviation) - (hypothesized standard deviation)] / (sample standard deviation / sqrt(sample size)).

Plugging in the values, we get: test statistic = [(0.8 - 0.5) / (0.8 / sqrt(21))] = 51.20.

To determine the critical values, we need to look at the critical region associated with the given significance level (alpha) of 0.05. Since this is a two-tailed test, we divide the significance level by 2, resulting in an alpha of 0.025 for each tail. Using the degrees of freedom (n-1), which is 20 in this case, we can consult the t-distribution table or use a statistical software to find the critical t-values. For an alpha of 0.025 and 20 degrees of freedom, the critical t-values are approximately ±2.093.

Converting the t-values to critical values using the formula: critical value = (hypothesized standard deviation) + (t-value * (sample standard deviation / sqrt(sample size))), we get: critical values = 0.5 + (2.093 * (0.8 / sqrt(21))) = 9.591 and 0.5 - (2.093 * (0.8 / sqrt(21))) = 34.170.

Therefore, the correct answer is: The test statistic is 51.20 and the critical values are 9.591 and 34.170.

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Answer:

The generic equation for a combustion reaction is AB + O2 à AO + BO

Explanation:

1. Most reduced to most oxidized chlorine: Cl₂ < NaCl < KCIO₄ < HCIO₃.

2. Most reduced to most oxidized iodine: I₂ < I₃⁻ < IO⁻ < HIO₂.

Ranking the compounds in order from most reduced to most oxidized chlorine:

1. Cl₂ (elemental chlorine) - This compound has chlorine in its elemental state, which means it has not gained or lost electrons. It is the most reduced form of chlorine.

2. NaCl (sodium chloride) - In NaCl, chlorine has gained one electron to achieve a stable ionic configuration. It is less reduced than Cl₂ but more reduced than the remaining compounds.

3. KClO₄ (potassium perchlorate) - In KClO₄, chlorine is in the +7 oxidation state. It has gained electrons and is more oxidized compared to Cl₂ and NaCl.

4. HClO₃ (chloric acid) - In HClO₃, chlorine is in the +5 oxidation state. It has gained more electrons compared to KClO₄ and is thus more oxidized.

Ranking the compounds in order from most reduced to most oxidized iodine:

1. I₂ (elemental iodine) - Similar to Cl₂, I₂ is the most reduced form of iodine since it exists in its elemental state.

2. I₃⁻ (triiodide ion) - In the I₃⁻ ion, iodine has gained one electron, making it less reduced compared to I₂.

3. IO⁻ (iodate ion) - In the IO⁻ ion, iodine is in the +5 oxidation state, indicating that it has gained more electrons and is more oxidized compared to I₃⁻.

4. HIO₂ (iodous acid) - In HIO₂, iodine is in the +3 oxidation state. It has gained more electrons compared to IO⁻ and is the most oxidized form of iodine among the given compounds.

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Answer:

5 and 2 I think.

Explanation:

Answer:

i just wanted to say that the other person really did not help

Explanation:

The solution's ethanol has a molality of 3.70 mol/kg. The amount of material that must be dissolved in a given mass of a solvent is related to a solution's molality.

From the information provided:

water mass = 16.2 g  

mass of ethanol = 2.3 g

1000 g make up 1 kilogram of water. There are 0.0162 kilogram of water in 16.2 g of water.

As a result, ethanol's molality is:

= 3.70 mol/kg

Molality is determined by dividing the kilograms of solvent by the moles of solute (the substance being dissolved) (the substance used to dissolve).

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An atom that loses an electron becomes positively charged.

An atom is considered to be in an electrically neutral state, but when it participates in some chemical reactions, it may lose or gain electrons. Gaining of electrons makes the atom negatively charged which is termed as an anion and losing of electrons make the atom positively charged which is termed as a cation. An anion refers to presence of excess electrons and a cation refers to an electron deficient atom.

In this way, the principal contrast between an atom and a particle is that an atom has an impartial charge while a particle has a positive or negative charge.

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Answer:

(CH3COO)2 + redP + Cl2 → ClCH2COOH + HCl

Explanation:

This is an example of halogenation of carboxylic acids at alpha carbon atom. In this reaction, red phosphorus and chlorine are treated with carboxylic acids having alpha hydrogen atom followed by hydrolysis to form alpha chloro carboxylic acid.

A halogen molecule's molecular weight, which is defined by the number of electrons and other atomic characteristics, is closely connected to the boiling point of the molecule. The boiling point of a molecule rises with molecular mass.

Going down group 7, the halogens' melting and boiling points rise. This is due to the bigger molecules as you move down to group 7. Stronger intermolecular forces develop.

Fluorine's boiling point of -188°C, Chlorine's of -34.6°C, Bromine's of 58.8°C, and iodine's of 184°C, as well as the trend in melting temperatures, are explained by the strengthening intermolecular interactions that bind the halogen molecules together.

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The temperature of 16-gram sample of oxygen gas with a volume of 11.2 liters at standard pressure is 272.83K.

The volume of an ideal gas can be calculated using the ideal gas law equation:

PV = nRT

Where;

1 × 11.2 = 0.5 × 0.0821 × T

11.2 = 0.04105T

T = 11.2/0.04105

T = 272.83K

Therefore, the temperature of 16-gram sample of oxygen gas with a volume of 11.2 liters at standard pressure is 272.83K.

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Answer:

185 gms o NaBr

Explanation:

Na Br  mole weight = 22.989 +79.904 = 102.893  gm/mole

1.083 x 10^24  molecules / 6.022 x 10^23 molecules / mole = 1.798 moles

102.893  *  1.798 = 185 gms

There are two peaks for anhydride at the above freq. our peaks are at 1759 cm-1 and one at 1838 cm-1  between two carbony1 group increases the freq. while resonance lowers the frequency.    

peak at 1100cm-1 C-O

PEAK at 1600 CM-1 alkene

2850 CM-1-3000 CM-1 ALKANE STRETCH.

3150 CM-1 ALKANE STRETCH

While cracking the dimer it will give us monomer which then reacts with maleic anhydride to give Diels-Alder product. It does not give any unwanted product at higher temperature. If  monomer reaction was low temperature and cracked.

Breaking the dimer at high temperature and it is to be reacted immediately can isolate the pure product.

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Answer:

distance and time

Explanation:

total distance/ total time

The trend of atomic radius refers to the predictable pattern of the size of atoms as one moves across or down the periodic table of elements.

Moving across a period (from left to right), the atomic radius of an element generally decreases. This is because the number of protons and electrons in the atom increases, leading to a stronger attractive force between the positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons. The increased pull causes the electron cloud to be pulled in closer to the nucleus, making the atomic radius smaller.

Moving down a group (from top to bottom), the atomic radius generally increases. This is because each successive element has one additional energy level than the element above it, and the electrons in these energy levels are farther from the nucleus. The increase in distance between the outermost electrons and the nucleus results in an increase in the atomic radius.

Therefore, the general trend of atomic radius is that it decreases from left to right across a period and increases from top to bottom down a group.

The following would have a larger atomic radius in the pair;

1) Ge

2) Fe

3) Kr

4) Sr

5) Na

6) I

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Salting out with ammonium sulfate is based upon proteins interacting with other proteins via hydrophobic interactions. Option c is correct choice.

Salting out is a method used to purify proteins from a complex mixture by exploiting the phenomenon that high salt concentrations can decrease the solubility of proteins in water. The addition of ammonium sulfate to a protein mixture causes the salt to compete with the water molecules for protein surface area, thus reducing the solubility of the proteins.

Proteins are stabilized by a combination of different forces, including hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, disulfide bonds, and hydrophobic interactions. This is because the high salt concentration creates a low water activity environment that reduces the solubility of hydrophobic amino acid residues, causing them to aggregate and precipitate out of solution. Therefore, salting out with ammonium sulfate is based upon proteins interacting with other proteins via hydrophobic interactions. Option c is correct.

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In the preceding equation, 6.67 moles of boric acid (\(H_3BO_3\)) will react to generate 10 moles of water (\(H_2O\)).

To determine the number of moles of boric acid that react in the equation to produce 10 moles of water, we need to examine the balanced chemical equation and use stoichiometry.

1. Begin by examining the balanced chemical equation for the reaction involving boric acid and water. Let's assume the equation is:

  \(3H_2O\) + \(3H_2O\) -> \(B_2O_3\) + \(6H_2O\)

2. From the balanced equation, we can see that 2 moles of boric acid (H3BO3) react with 3 moles of water (\(H_2O\)) to produce 6 moles of water (\(H_2O\)).

3. Use the given information that 10 moles of water (\(H_2O\)) are produced. Since the stoichiometric ratio between boric acid and water is 2:3, we can set up a proportion to find the number of moles of boric acid:

  2 moles \(H_3BO_3\) / 3 moles \(H_2O\) = x moles \(H_3BO_3\) / 10 moles \(H_2O\)

4. Cross-multiply and solve for x:

  (2 moles \(H_3BO_3\))(10 moles \(H_2O\)) = (3 moles \(H_2O\))(x moles \(H_3BO_3\))

  20 moles \(H_2O\) = 3x moles \(H_3BO_3\)

5. Divide both sides of the equation by 3 to isolate x:

  x moles \(H_3BO_3\) = (20 moles \(H_2O\)) / 3

6. Calculate the value of x:

  x moles \(H_3BO_3\) ≈ 6.67 moles \(H_3BO_3\)

Therefore, approximately 6.67 moles of boric acid (\(H_3BO_3\)) will react to produce 10 moles of water (\(H_2O\)) in the given equation.

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Answer:

A,B,E,F

Explanation:

Molecules behave differently when the concentration is different because there is increase in intermolecular collision occuring between each molecule.

A molecule is defined as the chemical substance that is made up of two or more atoms that are chemically combined together through bond formations.

Examples of molecules include the following:

When there is less concentration of molecules of a substance, there would be less collision between the molecules per unit time.

But when there is increase in the concentration of the molecules of a substance, these molecules tends to collide more often with each other.

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MO3, MO32-, MO33-, and MO34 are a series of oxoanions. a. The predominance diagrams for each oxoanion over the pH range -2 to 16 can be sketched, taking into account their protonated forms when applicable. b. The trend in basicity within this series can be explained by considering the electronegativity and oxidation state of the central atom in each oxoanion. c. The oxidation states of the central atoms in the series need to be determined in order to relate them to the relative basicity of the oxoanions. d. For the same series of central ions in the determined oxidation states, a comparison can be made regarding the expected relative acidities of the aqueous ions Mn+ based on their oxidation state. e. Two statements can be completed: i. The higher the oxidation state of an ion, the higher the acidity of the ion in water (Mn+(aq)). ii. The higher the oxidation state of the central atom, the lower the basicity of the characteristic oxoanions.

a. Predominance diagrams illustrate the species present at different pH levels. By considering the protonation and deprotonation of the oxoanions, the diagrams can be sketched to show the predominant forms of each species as pH changes.

b. The trend in basicity within the series of oxoanions can be attributed to the electronegativity and oxidation state of the central atom. As the oxidation state increases, the basicity of the oxoanions generally decreases. This is because higher oxidation states result in a greater positive charge on the central atom, making it less capable of accepting a proton and exhibiting basic behavior.

c. Determining the oxidation states of the central atoms in the series is crucial for understanding their relationship with the relative basicity of the oxoanions. The oxidation state provides information about the number of electrons gained or lost by the central atom, influencing its ability to act as a Lewis base and accept protons.

d. Based on the oxidation states determined in part c, the relative acidities of the aqueous ions Mn+ can be compared. Higher oxidation states typically result in stronger acids, as the central atom is more electron-deficient and readily donates protons in an aqueous solution.

e. i. The higher the oxidation state of an ion, the higher the acidity of the ion in water (Mn+(aq)). This is because higher oxidation states lead to a greater electron deficiency in the central atom, increasing its ability to donate protons, and thus, the acidity of the ion in water.

ii. The higher the oxidation state of the central atom, the lower the basicity of the characteristic oxoanions. This is due to the higher positive charge on the central atom, making it less capable of accepting a proton and exhibiting basic behavior.

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