What do monarchy, democracy, republic,
communism, autocracy, oligarchy, theocracy,
totalitarian, fascism and junta all have in
common?
Answers
Answer:
They are all government systems
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During World War II, the Germans fired V-1 and V-2 flying bombs (long range missiles) at London. Some areas were hit more than others, and the British military was interested to know whether the multiple hits were due to the Germans targeting at particular areas, or due purely to chance. To analyze this problem, the British statistician R.D. Clarke divided a 144 square kilometer area in London into a regular grid, forming 576 cells. Under the assumption that the flying bombs fell randomly, the chance to hit any cell would be constant across all cells. Hence, the hit counts of the cells are i.i.d samples from a common random variable x. A natural distribution for modeling the number of events (bomb hits) occurring within a fixed time period is the Poisson distribution, given by p(x=k∣λ)=k!1e−λλk. where k∈{0,1,2,3,⋯} is a counting number. The parameter λ is the average number of events, and the mean and variance are the same E[x]=var(x)=λ. (a) Derive the maximum-likelihood estimate of λ, given a set of i.i.d. samples {k1,⋯,kN}. (b) Show that the ML estimator is unbiased, and the estimator variance is Nλ. The following table lists the number of cells that were observed to have k hits (this is Clarke's actual data!). (c) Using the above data, calculate the ML estimate λ^ for the Poisson distribution. (d) Use the estimate λ^ to predict the expected number of cells with k hits, for k∈{0,1,2,3,4,5+}. Compare the expected counts with the observed data. What conclusions can you make?
Answers
The maximum likelihood estimate of λ can be obtained as follows:In a Poisson distribution, the probability of x occurring k times in a fixed time interval is given by the equation:
p(x=k∣λ)=k!1e−λλk. where k∈{0,1,2,3,⋯} is a counting number.
In a set of i.i.d. samples {k1,⋯,kN}, the likelihood function is given by:L(λ)=∏i=1Np(xi∣λ)Substituting for p(xi∣λ), we get:L(λ)=∏i=1Nkixi!e−λλkiSince we are looking for the maximum likelihood estimate of λ, we take the derivative of the likelihood function with respect to λ and equate it to zero. This gives us:∑i=1Nki−Nλ=0Therefore, λ^=∑i=1NkiN...is the maximum likelihood estimator of λ.The maximum likelihood estimator is unbiased since the expected value of the estimator is λ, which is the same as the true value. We can also show that the variance of the estimator is Nλ. Thus, λ^ is a consistent estimator of λ.Next, we calculate the maximum likelihood estimate of λ using Clarke's actual data. The observed data is given in the following table:k 0 1 2 3 4 5+ ni 352 231 85 25 9 1The maximum likelihood estimate of λ can be calculated as follows:λ^=∑i=1Nkini=0×352+1×231+2×85+3×25+4×9+5×1N=0+231576+170+75+36+5.76=0.4217Therefore, λ^=0.4217 is the maximum likelihood estimate of λ.We can now use λ^ to predict the expected number of cells with k hits, for k∈{0,1,2,3,4,5+}. The expected counts are given by:Expected counts for k=0: E[0]=N(1−λ^)N(1−0.4217)=207.46Expected counts for k=1: E[1]=Nλ^N(0.4217)=217.62Expected counts for k=2: E[2]=N(λ^)2/2N(0.4217)2/2=91.64Expected counts for k=3: E[3]=N(λ^)3/3N(0.4217)3/3=24.40Expected counts for k=4: E[4]=N(λ^)4/4N(0.4217)4/4=5.17Expected counts for k=5+: E[5+]=N(1−p0−p1−p2−p3−p4)N(1−0.4217−0.2035−0.0425−0.0050−0.0004)=1.71We can compare the expected counts with the observed data using a goodness-of-fit test. One common test is the chi-squared test. The test statistic is given by:χ2=∑i=0^5(Oi−Ei)2Ei+∑i=5+^1(Oi−Ei)2Eiwhere Oi is the observed count and Ei is the expected count for the ith category. The degrees of freedom are 5 (number of categories - 1 - number of estimated parameters).Using the observed data and the expected counts, we get:χ2=37.00The p-value for the chi-squared test is 1.91×10^-6. Since the p-value is less than the significance level of 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis that the data follows a Poisson distribution with parameter λ^ = 0.4217. Therefore, we conclude that the multiple hits were not due to chance, but were due to the Germans targeting particular areas.
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1. when writing in the federalist papers, wrote that a bicameral government was security for the people. a. james madison b. george washington c. john quincy adams d. thomas jefferson
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In the Federalist Papers, a bicameral government was a security for the people was written by James Madison. The correct option is A.
To explain the rationale behind this statement, Madison believed that having two separate chambers within the legislative branch would help balance power and prevent any single group from dominating the decision-making process.
This system was designed to ensure fair representation for both the smaller and larger states, while also encouraging thoughtful deliberation on proposed legislation.
By dividing the government into two houses, the Senate and the House of Representatives, Madison hoped to create a stable and secure environment that would safeguard the rights and interests of the American people.
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how did the geopolitical rivalry among european powers in the eighteenth century undermine their colonial empires?
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The geopolitical rivalry among European powers in the 18th century had detrimental effects on their colonial empires as it weakened the control and authority of European powers, eroding their colonial grip and contributing to the eventual decline and loss of their overseas territories.
How did the geopolitical rivalry among European powers undermine their colonial empires?The geopolitical rivalry among European powers undermined their colonial empires in the following ways:
Wars and conflicts in Europe diverted resources from colonies, strained economies through increased taxes and trade restrictions, and undermined credibility with colonists. Political instability arose from interference in local politics, leading to revolts and uprisings. Rising nationalism among colonists fueled aspirations for self-governance, challenging European rule.Thus, the geopolitical rivalry among European powers in the 18th century undermined their colonial empires by diverting resources, straining economies, eroding credibility, fueling political instability, and igniting rising nationalism among colonists.
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The geopolitical rivalry among European powers in the 18th century had detrimental effects on their colonial empires as it weakened the control and authority of European powers, eroding their colonial grip and contributing to the eventual decline and loss of their overseas territories.
How did the geopolitical rivalry among European powers undermine their colonial empires?The geopolitical rivalry among European powers undermined their colonial empires in the following ways:
Wars and conflicts in Europe diverted resources from colonies, strained economies through increased taxes and trade restrictions, and undermined credibility with colonists. Political instability arose from interference in local politics, leading to revolts and uprisings. Rising nationalism among colonists fueled aspirations for self-governance, challenging European rule.Thus, the geopolitical rivalry among European powers in the 18th century undermined their colonial empires by diverting resources, straining economies, eroding credibility, fueling political instability, and igniting rising nationalism among colonists.
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a prominent abolitionist named recognized douglass' oratory skill and hired him as a speaker for the massachusetts anti-slavery society. question 7 options:william lloyd garrison stephen a. douglas jefferson davis george washington
Answers
Answer:
Your answer would be : William Lloyd Garrison
Explanation:
A man of moral authority, Douglass developed into a charismatic public speaker. Prominent abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison recognized his oratory skill and hired him as a speaker for the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society.
Source From : www.nps.gov!
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how did the british and indian newspaper react to the amritsar massacre
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Henry Clay is best described as
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Answer:
Henry Clay, was recognize from 19th Century U.S. politics. He was The Great Compromiser; the mastermind behind both The Compromise of 1820 and of 1850, both of which avoided a national calamity. With Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and South Carolinas John C. Calhoun, Clay was part of the Great Triumvirate.
Simon Bolivar was also known as The Liberator because he liberated
A. Southern South America from Spanish rule
B. Southern South America from French rule
C. Northern South America from Spanish rule
D. Nothern South America from French rule
Answers
Simon Bolivar was also known as The Liberator because he liberated, Option B is correct Southern South America from French rule
What made Bolivar significant in history?Simon Bolivar was born in Caracas, in what is now Venezuela, on July 24, 1783. Bolivar rose to prominence as the most influential figure in South America, earning the moniker "El Libertador" (the liberator) for his role in fostering national independence from Spain.
Bolivar was a rebel who fought to free colonies from the Spanish Empire during the South American continent's independence struggles.
Hence option B is correct.
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Answer:
c on edge 2022
Explanation:
why European countries would want the land that is being protected by America and the Monroe Doctrine?
Answers
Answer:
European countries were interested in the land being protected by America and the Monroe Doctrine due to their imperialistic and expansionist goals. The countries saw opportunities for economic growth, resource exploitation, and geopolitical influence through colonization and territorial acquisition. Additionally, competition among European powers for global dominance and influence fueled their desire for territorial expansion and control. The Monroe Doctrine was established in 1823 to prevent European intervention in the Americas, but it did not stop European interest and ambition in the region.
Which jurisdiction does the supreme court exercise most often?
original
excluesive
appalate
concurrent
Answers
Supreme court most often exercise appellate jurisdiction.
The Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States judicial system. It has the power to hear cases on a broad range of issues, which includes Constitution, federal laws, and treaties. The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction over cases involving ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, and those in which a state is a party.
In addition, the Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction over all other cases arising under federal law or the Constitution. This means that the Supreme Court can review decisions made by lower courts. The decisions of the Supreme Court are binding on all other courts in the United States.
Hence, the correct option is "THIRD".
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who was assigned to head the camp at Dachau?
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The organization, structure, and practice developed at Dachau in 1933–34 became the model for the Nazi concentration camp system as it expanded. Among Eicke's early trainees at Dachau was Rudolf Höss, who later commanded the Auschwitz concentration camp.
when legitimate authority governs social interactions, it is known as
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When legitimate authority governs social interactions, this is called "legitimacy" or "legitimate governance".
The basis for legitimacy varies from society to situation. It can be derived from legal frameworks, constitutional regulations, historical traditions, cultural norms, or the consent of the governed. For example, legitimacy in democratic societies is often based on popular consent through free and fair elections, whereas in traditional societies legitimacy may be based on heredity or religious beliefs. .
Undermined or lack of legitimacy can lead to social unrest, resistance, and questioning of authority. In such cases, individuals or groups may challenge the authority of the government and may protest, disobey, or even rebel.
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The correct question is :
when legitimate authority governs social interactions, it is known as ?
All of the following were changes to Russian
women's lives EXCEPT
a. education in math and science
b. ended the wearing of veils
c. education in reading and writing
d. ended the isolation of their lives
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Answer:
A education in math and science
to complete the project, in 1869 the two crews who built the transcontinental railroad met at
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The two construction crews for the transcontinental railroad came together at Promontory Point, Utah, in 1869 to finish the project.
Union Pacific and Central Pacific were racing to Promontory Peak, Utah, where they would eventually meet on May 10, 1869, as Central Pacific laid rails eastward and Union Pacific was working westward. The Pacific Railroad Acts, passed by Congress in 1862, established the 32nd parallel as the first transcontinental route and provided large grants of land for right-of-way.
The Union Pacific and the Central Pacific were given permission by the law to build the lines. On July 1, 1862, Lincoln authorized the Pacific Railroad Act of 1862. It approved the formation of two firms to build railroads: the Central Pacific in the west and the Union Pacific in the middle of the country.
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The Russian invasion of Georgia in 2008 was aimed at the autonomous region of:
A) Nagorno-Karabakh
B) Ingushetiya
C) South Ossetia
D) Ajaria
E) Chechnya
Answers
SO ANSWER IS SOUTH OSSETIA
What was the Tularosa ditch war all about? a. It was between the church and farmers. b. It was between farmers and sawmill owners over the only source of water. c. It was between cattlemen and sheep ranchers. d. It was between New Mexico and Texas over the only source of water.
Answers
Answer:
B. It was between farmers and sawmill owners over the only source of water.
Explanation:
May I have brainliest please? :)
8. In Buddhism, the release from selfishness and pain is known as
A. dharma.
B. moksha.
C. nirvana.
D. sangha.
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Answer:
C. nirvana is the release from selfishness and pain in Buddhism.
Explanation:
nirvana is the release from selfishness and pain in Buddhism. Nirvana is a state of perfect peace and enlightenment that is achieved through the realization of the true nature of reality and the elimination of suffering and the cycle of death and rebirth. It is considered the ultimate goal of the Buddhist path and is often described as a state of complete liberation, freedom, and peace.
Answer: C, nirvana
Explanation: In Buddhist belief, nirvana is the belief in releasing all selfishness and pain. Buddhists also believe that nirvana is believed to determine his or her fate after Rebirth by the gods. Buddha states that by following the Eightfold Path, anyone could reach nirvana.
why did Japan want Korea?
Answers
Answer:
In order to establish control over its new protectorate, the Empire of Japan waged an all-out war on Korean culture. Schools and universities forbade speaking Korean and emphasized manual labor and loyalty to the Emperor. ... During the occupation, Japan took over Korea's labor and land.
Explanation:
Answer:
Explanation:
Korea had natural resources that Japan lacked.
how much per month could women make (Sergent Major) ?
Answers
Answer:
Army sergent
Explanation:
2,730.30 - $3,874.80
women usally make around 2800-3800 bucks monthly
Which group consolidated its rule over the eastern part of the Carolingian empire in the mid-10th century
Answers
Answer:
the Ottonians
Explanation:
of the president's powers, which are most important in an era of gridlock (like now)?
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Executive orders allow the president to bypass Congress and take action on certain issues, while veto power can be used to block legislation that the president disagrees with. The nomination power is also crucial, as appointing judges and officials who share the president's values and priorities can have a significant impact on policy decisions and the implementation of laws.
In an era of gridlock like now, the most important of the president's powers include the veto power, executive orders, and the power to negotiate treaties.
1. Veto power: The president can veto a bill passed by Congress, making it difficult for the legislature to pass laws without the president's approval. In a time of gridlock, this power helps the president assert influence over the legislative process.
2. Executive orders: The president can issue executive orders to direct government operations and implement policies. In a gridlocked political environment, these orders can be used to bypass Congress and address urgent issues.
3. Power to negotiate treaties: The president has the authority to negotiate treaties with other countries. While treaties require approval from the Senate, this power allows the president to engage in diplomacy and forge international agreements, which can be crucial in a time of gridlock when domestic policies may face obstacles.
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Shifting positions based on the results of public opinion polls is often called
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Shifting positions based on the results of public opinion polls is often called Swapping. The correct option is (C).
What do you mean by public opinion polls?Opinion polls are typically intended to reflect a population's views by asking a sequence of questions and then extrapolating generalities in ratio or within confidence intervals.
Based on the findings, responses are provided and interpretations are made.
In a random sample, it is critical that everyone in the group being examined has an equal chance of participating.
Polls are merely a tool for determining how a community believes and feels about a particular subject.
Therefore, shifting positions based on the results of public opinion polls is often called Swapping.
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what gamble did washington take to face smallpox eqidemic at valley forge
Answers
Answer:
He used some of the liquid coming off the small pox rash and put small bits of it in open wounds o f healthy soldiers, essentially immunizing them. They built up antibodies from small pox because of this, and didn't get sick.
Explanation:
What are the two forces driving the global silver trading patterns from 1570-1750 ?
Answers
Answer:
Contributing factors to the patterns of the global silver trade between 1550-1800 include large cities and ports, economic demand, and the use for government tax .
Explanation:
Which of the following was not a Macedonian siege weapon?
A. the catapult
B. the cannon
C. the siege tower
D. the battering ram
Answers
Answer:
the cannon
Explanation:
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01:49:48 One check that the legislative branch has over the judicial branch is __________. A. the power to declare war B. the power to enact taxes and allocate funds C. that the Supreme Court is required to report on the State of the Union to Congress D. the power to set the jurisdiction of courts
Answers
Answer:
D. the power to set the jurisdiction of courts
Explanation:
Separation of powers is the idea that the three tiers of government Judiciary, Legislature and Executive must separate their powers for a just and fair government.
With this separation of powers comes checks and balances as each arm of government act as a "watchdog" to the other so they do not over-use their power.
One way that the legislative arm of government has a check over the judicial system is having the power to set the jurisdiction of courts.
Answer:
B.
Explanation:
Edge 2020
__________ is the process of restoring a person to good health and useful life through therapy and education. A. Grant B. Constituent C. Rehabilitation D. Unfunded mandate Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D.
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The correct answer to the question is C. Rehabilitation. The process of restoring a person to good health and useful life through therapy and education is known as rehabilitation.
Rehabilitation refers to the process of helping individuals recover and regain their physical, mental, or social well-being after experiencing an illness, injury, or disability. It involves a comprehensive approach that combines therapy, education, and support to assist individuals in achieving their maximum potential and improving their quality of life. Rehabilitation programs are designed to address various aspects of a person's functioning, such as physical mobility, cognitive skills, emotional well-being, and social integration.
Through therapy, which may include physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, or counseling, individuals learn new skills, regain lost abilities, and adapt to their changed circumstances. Education plays a vital role in rehabilitation by providing individuals with knowledge and tools to manage their condition, make informed decisions, and engage in self-care. Rehabilitation aims to empower individuals and enable them to participate actively in society, enhancing their independence and overall functioning. Overall, rehabilitation focuses on restoring individuals to good health, facilitating their recovery, and helping them lead productive and meaningful lives. It is a holistic approach that recognizes the potential for improvement and seeks to maximize an individual's well-being through therapy and education. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is C. Rehabilitation.
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Why does Frederick Douglass say he is uncomfortable giving
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what was an economic benefit that the colonial territories derived from imperialism
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An economic benefit that the colonial territories derived from imperialism were the exploitation of resources such as raw materials and labor to drive economic growth in the imperial power.
Imperialism brought about several economic benefits to the colonizing countries, as it enabled them to exploit the resources of their colonies for their economic gain. The colonies provided a ready supply of raw materials, cheap labor, and markets for the manufactured goods of their imperial masters. The imperial powers established plantations in their colonies to produce cash crops for export, such as rubber, palm oil, tea, coffee, cocoa, and sugar. The colonies also provided a market for the manufactured goods of their imperial powers, creating a captive market for their products, such as textiles, machinery, and weapons.
Moreover, the colonial powers set up mining operations in their colonies to extract minerals and precious metals, such as gold, silver, diamonds, and copper, for their industrial needs. The colonies provided a source of investment for the imperial powers, as the profits generated by these economic activities were repatriated to the mother country, enabling it to finance its own industrialization and development. Thus, imperialism facilitated the economic growth of the imperial powers at the expense of their colonies.
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this new deal program would considered by many to be the most controversial and radical, to the point of creeping socialism;
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Tennessee Valley Authority would considered by many to be the most controversial and radical, to the point of creeping socialism.
The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is a U.S. government organisation that was founded in 1933 with the goals of reducing flooding, enhancing navigation, raising farmer living standards, and generating electricity along the Tennessee River and its tributaries.
The Tennessee River had frequent, catastrophic flooding, and a chain of shoals at Muscle Shoals, Alabama, made it difficult to navigate the river's middle course. The functions of the different government agencies in the region were consolidated under the jurisdiction of the TVA in 1933 after a measure to that effect was passed by the U.S. Congress.
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anthony van dyck had an illustrious independent career as a __________.
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Anthony van Dyck had an illustrious independent career as a painter. Anthony van Dyck was a Flemish Baroque artist who became one of the most famous portraitists in the 17th century.
Van Dyck is well-known for his work for King Charles I of England. He was knighted by King Charles in 1632 and was one of the few artists to be given the honor. The portrait painter has left behind a legacy of stunning portraits, as well as religious and mythological works that continue to be admired to this day.Van Dyck started his career working under the artist Peter Paul Rubens, where he learned the art of painting. He moved to London in 1632 and became court painter to King Charles I. His skills and talent, which he had honed over the years, were on full display as he worked on royal portraits and left behind a lasting impression on the English art world.
In just a few years, he achieved success and made his name as a great portrait painter.
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