What do molarity and molality measure and how do the two terms differ?

Explanation:

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If excess ammonium sulfate reacts with 20.0g of calcium hydroxide then liters of ammonia are produced at STP 0.081L

Ammonium sulphate is the organic solvent and the primary use of ammonium sulphate is as a fertilizer for alkaline soils

Here given reaction is

(NH₄)₂SO₄ + Ca(OH)₂ → CaSO₄ + NH₃ + H₂O

Here given data is

Calcium hydroxide  = 20.0g

We have to find liters of ammonia are produced at STP =?

20.0g of (NH₄)₂SO₄ STP = ?

Then 20.0g of (NH₄)₂SO₄×1 mol/132g×0.54L/1 mol = 0.081L

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Answer:

3.97 M

Explanation:

Given data:

Initial volume V₁  = 318 mL

Initial molarity M₁ = 5.75 M

New volume V₂=  461 mL

New concentration M₂= ?

Solution:

New volume V₂= 143 mL+ 318 mL

New volume V₂= 461 mL

Formula:

M₁V₁  = M₂V₂

M₂ = M₁V₁ / V₂

M₂ = 5.75 M × 318 mL / 461 mL

M₂ = 1828.5 M. mL/ 461 mL

M₂ = 3.97 M

Answer:

\(m_{NH_3}^{leftover}=57.88g\)

\(Y= 92.0\%\)

Explanation:

Hello there!

In this case, according to the following chemical reaction between iodine monobromide and ammonia:

\(3IBr+NH_3\rightarrow NI_3+3HBr\)

It turns out firstly necessary to identify the limiting reactant, by considering the proper molar masses and the 3:1 and 1:1 mole ratios of iodine monobromide to nitrogen triiodide and ammonia to nitrogen triiodide respectively:

\(n_{NI_3}^{by\ IBr}=164.8gIBr*\frac{1molIBr}{206.81gIBr}*\frac{1molNI_3}{3molIBr} =0.266molNI_3\\\\n_{NI_3}^{by\ NH_3}=62.4gNH_3*\frac{1molNH_3}{17.03gNH_3}*\frac{1molNI_3}{1molNH_3} =3.66molNI_3\)

Thus, we conclude that the limiting reactant is IBr as is yields the fewest moles of nitrogen triiodide product. Next, we can calculate the reacted grams of ammonia as the excess reactant:

\(m_{NH_3}^{reacted}=0.266molNI_3*\frac{1molNH_3}{1molNI_3}*\frac{17.03gNH_3}{1molNH_3}=4.52gNH_3\)

And therefore the leftover of ammonia is:

\(m_{NH_3}^{leftover}=62.4g-4.52g=57.88g\)

Next, the percent yield is calculated by firstly calculating the theoretical yield of nitrogen triiodide as follows:

\(m_{NI_3}^{theoretical}=0.266molNI_3*\frac{394.72gNI_3}{1molNI_3} =104.8gNI_3\)

And finally the percent yield by dividing the given actual yield of 96.4 g by the previously computed theoretical yield:

\(Y=\frac{96.4g}{104.8g}*100\%\\\\Y= 92.0\%\)

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Answer:

6

Explanation:

If there are 6 electrons and it has a balanced charge, there also must be six protons.

Answer:

Chloroform has a boiling point of 61.15 degrees Celsius and a vapor pressure of 9.5 kPa at 20 degrees Celsius. Glycerol, on the other hand, has a boiling point of 290 degrees Celsius and a vapor pressure of 0.0002 kPa at 20 degrees Celsius. Therefore, chloroform has a much lower boiling point and a much higher vapor pressure than glycerol. This means that chloroform is more volatile and evaporates more easily than glycerol.

Explanation:

Chloroform has a boiling point of 61.15 degrees Celsius and a vapor pressure of 9.5 kPa at 20 degrees Celsius. Glycerol, on the other hand, has a boiling point of 290 degrees Celsius and a vapor pressure of 0.0002 kPa at 20 degrees Celsius. Therefore, chloroform has a much lower boiling point and a much higher vapor pressure than glycerol. This means that chloroform is more volatile and evaporates more easily than glycerol.

Answer:

I would recycle, reuse, and reduce the litter on this already hurt Earth.

Explanation:

Answer:

I can go out and help pick up garbage and i can recycle and not litter and i can reuse all the plastic water bottles i drink.

Explanation:

Im glad you care about mother earth to

The treatment step involves heating the crude oil in a furnace and then passing it through a distillation column.

During the treatment step in refining crude oil for energy use, the crude oil is processed to remove impurities and separate it into different components based on their boiling points. This step is also known as the refining or distillation process.

The treatment step involves heating the crude oil in a furnace and then passing it through a distillation column. The column has a series of trays or plates, each with a different temperature, which causes the different components of crude oil to vaporize and rise up the column.

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When some of the NH4NO3 solid is spilled on the lab bench and not successfully added to the calorimeter, it will affect the final temperature of the water/solution in the calorimeter.

A calorimeter is a device used to measure the heat of a chemical reaction or physical change. In this case, the reaction between NH4NO3 and water is being measured.Since a smaller amount of NH4NO3 is added to the calorimeter, the reaction's heat production will be less than expected. As a result, the temperature change of the water/solution in the calorimeter will be smaller. This means that the final temperature of the water/solution will be higher than it would have been if the correct amount of NH4NO3 had been added.In summary, spilling some of the NH4NO3 solid on the lab bench and not adding it to the calorimeter will cause the final temperature of the water/solution in the calorimeter to be higher than expected, as less heat is produced by the reaction with a smaller amount of NH4NO3.

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An aldehyde is an organic compound that contains a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen atom (H) and an alkyl group or an aromatic group (R). In general, aldehydes can be represented by the formula R-CHO.

The molecule that fits the description of having a carbonyl functional group in the form of an aldehyde is formaldehyde, which has the chemical formula CH2O. In formaldehyde, the carbonyl group (-C=O) is located at the end of the molecule, making it an aldehyde.

Formaldehyde is a colorless gas with a pungent odor that is widely used in industry and as a disinfectant and preservative. It is also an important intermediate in organic synthesis and is used to make a variety of chemicals and products, including plastics, resins, and textiles.

The presence of the carbonyl group in formaldehyde makes it a highly reactive molecule that can participate in a variety of chemical reactions, including nucleophilic addition and condensation reactions. Its ability to react readily with other compounds makes it a valuable reagent in organic chemistry and an important industrial chemical.

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The hydrostatic force on one circular end of the cylindrical drum, with a radius of 3 ft, submerged in water 10 ft deep, is approximately 55661.34 pounds.

To find the hydrostatic force on one circular end of a cylindrical drum submerged in water, we need to use the principles of hydrostatic pressure.

The hydrostatic pressure exerted by a fluid at a certain depth is given by the equation:

P = ρgh

Where:

P is the hydrostatic pressure,

ρ (rho) is the density of the fluid (in this case, water),

g is the acceleration due to gravity,

h is the depth of the fluid.

In this scenario, the depth of the water is 10 ft. We need to calculate the hydrostatic pressure at this depth.

Given that the radius of the circular end of the drum is 3 ft, we can calculate the area of the circular end using the formula:

A = π\(r^2\)

Where:

A is the area of the circular end,

π is a mathematical constant approximately equal to 3.14159,

r is the radius of the circular end.

A = π\((3 ft)^2\)

A ≈ 28.27 \(ft^2\)

Now, we can calculate the hydrostatic force exerted on the circular end using the formula:

F = P × A

Substituting the known values:

F = (ρgh) × A

Since the density of water is approximately 62.4 lb/\(ft^3\) and g is approximately 32.2 \(ft/s^2\), we have:

F = (62.4 lb/\(ft^3\)) × (32.2 ft/\(s^2\)) × (10 ft) × (28.27 \(ft^2\))

F ≈ 55661.34 lb

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\({ \red{ \underline{ \tt{Langmuir \: adsorption \: isotherm:}}}}\)

The defect of Freundlich adsorption isotherm is that it fails at high pressure of the gas.

Langmuir derived the adsorption isotherm based on the theoretical considerations. It is generally applied to chemical adsorption.

It can be expressed as

\({ \blue{ \bold{ \frac{X}{m} = \frac{AP}{1+BP}}}}\)

where,

X = mass of the gas adsorbed

M = mass of the adsorbent

P = equilibrium pressure

The d-orbital starts in the third energy level (n = 3) of an atom.

Each energy level can contain one or more sublevels, including s, p, d, and f sublevels. The first energy level (n = 1) has one s orbital and can hold a maximum of 2 electrons. The second energy level (n = 2) has one s orbital and three p orbitals, allowing for a maximum of 8 electrons. The third energy level (n = 3) has one s orbital, three p orbitals, and five d orbitals, accommodating a maximum of 18 electrons.

The d-orbitals are found in the third energy level, corresponding to the third period of the periodic table. Therefore, the period number for the energy level where the d-orbital starts is 3.

The filling order of orbitals follows the pattern: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, and so on. The d-orbitals start filling after the p-orbitals in the third energy level. The electron configuration for the third energy level is written as 3s^2 3p^6 3d^1-10, depending on the element.

For example, the electron configuration of iron (Fe) is 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^6 4s^2. This configuration indicates that the d-orbitals of iron are half-filled with 5 electrons.

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The concentration of the dye in the stock solution can be calculated using the formula:

Concentration (in mol/L) = Mass of solute (in g) / Molar mass of solute (in g/mol) / Volume of solution (in L)

First, we need to convert the mass of the dye from milligrams to grams:

13.03 mg = 0.01303 g

Next, we can substitute the values into the formula:

Concentration = 0.01303 g / 280.3 g/mol / 0.5 L

Simplifying this expression gives:

Concentration = 0.0000927 mol/L

Therefore, the concentration of the dye in the stock solution is 0.0000927 mol/L.

To explain this further, a stock solution is a concentrated solution that can be diluted to make a solution of a lower concentration. In this case, we are given the mass of the solute (dye) and the volume of the solution (500.0 ml). We are also given the molar mass of the dye, which is the mass of one mole of the dye. This value is used to convert the mass of the dye from grams to moles.

The concentration of the dye in the stock solution is expressed in terms of moles of dye per liter of solution. The concentration is calculated by dividing the mass of the dye by its molar mass, and then dividing by the volume of the solution. This gives us the number of moles of dye per liter of solution.

In summary, the concentration of the dye in the stock solution is 0.0000927 mol/L, which means that there are 0.0000927 moles of dye in each liter of solution.

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To generate 50.0 g of sodium chloride according to the given chemical equation, we need 91.12 g of sodium chlorate.

To calculate the grams of sodium chlorate required to generate 50.0 g of sodium chloride, we first need to use the balanced chemical equation to determine the molar ratio of sodium chlorate to sodium chloride. From the equation 2NaClO3 → 2NaCl + 3O2, we can see that for every 2 moles of sodium chlorate, 2 moles of sodium chloride are produced.
The molar mass of sodium chloride is 58.44 g/mol, and so 50.0 g of sodium chloride corresponds to 50.0 g / 58.44 g/mol = 0.8557 moles.
Since the molar ratio of sodium chlorate to sodium chloride is 2:2, or simply 1:1, we know that we need 0.8557 moles of sodium chlorate to generate 50.0 g of sodium chloride.
The molar mass of sodium chlorate is 106.44 g/mol, and so to convert moles to grams, we can simply multiply the number of moles by the molar mass. Therefore, we need:
0.8557 moles x 106.44 g/mol = 91.12 g of sodium chlorate.
Therefore, to generate 50.0 g of sodium chloride according to the given chemical equation, we need 91.12 g of sodium chlorate.

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The phase diagram of water depicts the behavior of water with respect to temperature and pressure, showing the physical states of water: solid, liquid, and gas, at different points on the diagram. It is also known as the pressure-temperature phase diagram

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Answer:

9.90

Explanation:

Given [H+] = 1.25 x 10^-10 M, we can calculate the pH using the formula:

pH = -log10([H+])

pH = -log10(1.25 x 10^-10)

Using logarithmic properties:

pH = -log10(1.25) - log10(10^-10)

Since log10(10^-10) is equal to -10:

pH = -log10(1.25) - (-10)

pH = -log10(1.25) + 10

Now, evaluating the logarithm using a calculator:

pH = -0.0969 + 10

pH = 9.9031

Therefore, the pH of the solution with [H+] = 1.25 x 10^-10 M is approximately 9.9031. Rounding it to two decimal places, the pH is approximately 9.90.

We must ascertain the molar mass of glyceryl trimyristate and the stoichiometric ratio of the reactants and products in the saponification reaction in order to calculate the maximum mass of sodium soap that may be produced from 195 g of glyceryl trimyristate.

The saponification of glyceryl trimyristate with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) produces three molecules of sodium soap and one molecule of glycerol:

Glyceryl trimyristate + 3 NaOH → 3 sodium soap + glycerol

The molar mass of glyceryl trimyristate is calculated as:

3 (myristic acid molar mass) + (glycerol molar mass) = 3 (228.39 g/mol) + 92.09 g/mol = 913.26 g/mol

The stoichiometric ratio of the reactants and products is 1:3, which means that for every one mole of glyceryl trimyristate, three moles of sodium soap are produced.

To calculate the maximum mass of sodium soap that can be prepared, we need to convert the given mass of glyceryl trimyristate to moles using its molar mass and then use the stoichiometric ratio to determine the maximum mass of sodium soap that can be produced:

Number of moles of glyceryl trimyristate = 195 g / 913.26 g/mol = 0.214 moles

Number of moles of sodium soap produced = 3 × 0.214 moles = 0.642 moles

Mass of sodium soap produced = number of moles × molar mass of sodium soap = 0.642 moles × 278.38 g/mol = 178.46 g

Therefore the correct answer is the maximum mass of the sodium soap that can be prepared from 195 g of glyceryl trimyristate is 178.46 g.

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The property that is used to calculate the pH of a solution is (A) the hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L.

pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral, values below 7 being acidic, and values above 7 being basic.

To calculate the pH of a solution, you need to know the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in mol/L (A).

pH is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration, so the equation for calculating pH is:

pH = -log[H+]

For example, if the hydrogen ion concentration is 1 x 10^-4 mol/L,

the pH would be:

pH = -log(1 x 10^-4)

pH = 4

Note that pH is typically reported, so in this case, the pH would be reported as 4.0.
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Answer:

36 grams as 1 mole is 12 grams

Answer:

tbh idk cause I will love to answer your question but ehh

Answer:

C)peer review

Explanation:

Peer review involves the evaluation of scientific research work by other professionals working in the same field. It is one of the stages a manuscript passes through before it is published in any reputable journal.

Peer review is important because it ensures that only high quality and original scientific research is published for the consumption of other professionals in the same field.

After one turn of the citric acid cycle, the radioactivity would be found primarily in the first and fourth carbon atoms of citrate, and then in oxaloacetate at the end of the cycle.

If acetyl CoA labeled with radioactive 14C in both carbon positions were fed into the citric acid cycle, the radioactivity would be distributed as follows after one turn of the cycle:

The two carbon atoms from acetyl CoA would enter the cycle as citrate, and the radioactive 14C atoms would be incorporated into the first and fourth carbon atoms of citrate.

As the cycle progresses, the two 14C-labeled carbon atoms are retained within the cycle and ultimately appear in the oxaloacetate molecule.

During the cycle, carbon dioxide is released at several steps, but none of the carbon dioxide molecules would contain any of the radioactive 14C atoms because they were only introduced in the acetyl CoA molecule.

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Answer: Precision

Explanation:

Between two CH3CF3 molecules, dispersion and dipole-dipole intermolecular forces exist.

Due to CH3CF3's polar nature, two of its molecules will interact via dipole-dipole interactions. Because dispersion forces exist between every molecule, they will also be present. The electrostatic forces between two permanently polar molecules are called dipole-dipole forces, or dipole-dipole interactions. The forces of attraction that occur between molecules are referred to as intermolecular forces (IMF), sometimes known as secondary forces. Intramolecular forces, such as the bonds between atoms, are those that exist within a molecule and hold it together. The interactions between molecules, or intermolecular forces, are what control many of a substance's physical characteristics.

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Answer:

It is way too long I can't help with it Honestly

An element in the same row with roughly half of the atomic mass always has a greater atomic radius.

Atomic radius:  It is the distance between the nucleus and the outermost shell.

Atomic mass: It is the mass or the number of nucleons or protons and neutrons inside an atom.

In a row, the number of protons increase but the number of shells remains constant.

Hence, the positive protons in the nucleus attract electrons with more electrostatic force.

Therefore,  an element in the same row with roughly half of the atomic mass always has a greater atomic radius.

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Explanation:

density = mass/volume

density = 89.6/10

density = 8.96g/cm³

The empirical formula of the compound is C₅H₁₂O₁₂, and the molecular formula of this compound is C₈H₁₈O₁₈.

To determine the empirical formula, we need to determine the moles of each element present in the compound. From the data given, we know that complete combustion of 0.150g of the compound produces 0.225g of CO₂ and 0.0614g of H₂O. We know that CO₂ is composed of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms, and H₂O is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Therefore,

the moles of carbon present is 0.225g / (12.01 + 2(16.00)) = 0.0125 moles.

The moles of hydrogen present is 0.0614g / (2(1.008)) = 0.03 moles.

The moles of oxygen present is 0.225g / 16.00 + 0.0614g / 16.00 = 0.03 moles.

The ratio of these moles is C:H:O = 0.0125:0.03:0.03

To simplify this ratio we divide each number by the smallest number:

C:H:O = 5:12:12

So, the empirical formula of the compound is C₅H₁₂O₁₂

To find the molecular formula, we know that the molecular weight of the compound is 264 g/mol. Since the empirical formula weight of the compound is (512.01) + (121.008) + (12×16.00) = 180.24 g/mol. To find the ratio of the molecular weight to the empirical formula weight, we divide 264 by 180.24, which is approximately 1.47. Therefore, the molecular formula of the compound is:

C₅H₁₂O₁₂ × (1.47)¹ = \(C_{7.4}\)\(H_{17.4\)\(O_{17.4}\) which can be simplified to C₈H₁₈O₁₈.

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Fractional distillation

Dilution of a buffer solution affects its pH by changing the concentration ratio of the weak acid and its conjugate base. Additionally, dilution decreases the buffer capacity by reducing the concentrations of buffer components, limiting its ability to resist pH changes.

pH of a Buffer upon Dilution; A buffer solution consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base (or a weak base and its conjugate acid). The buffer system maintains a relatively constant pH even when small amounts of acid or base are added.

When a buffer solution is diluted by adding more solvent (such as water), the concentrations of both the weak acid and its conjugate base (or weak base and its conjugate acid) decrease. As a result, the buffer's ability to resist changes in pH weakens.

The pH of a buffer is determined by the ratio of the concentrations of the weak acid and its conjugate base (or weak base and its conjugate acid). Dilution changes this ratio, which can affect the pH. However, the change in pH upon dilution is relatively small if the dilution is not substantial.

Buffer Capacity upon Dilution; Buffer capacity refers to the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes in pH upon addition of an acid or base. It is related to the concentrations of the weak acid and its conjugate base (or weak base and its conjugate acid).

When a buffer solution is diluted, the buffer capacity generally decreases. This is because dilution reduces the concentration of both the weak acid and its conjugate base (or weak base and its conjugate acid), limiting the buffer's ability to neutralize added acid or base.

A buffer with higher initial concentrations of the weak acid and its conjugate base (or weak base and its conjugate acid) will generally have a higher buffer capacity. Conversely, dilution decreases the buffer capacity as the concentration of buffer components decreases.

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When a precipitation reaction occurs the resulting mixture of liquid solution and solid precipitate would be considered a heterogeneous Mixture.

Chemical reactions known as precipitation reactions take place in aqueous solutions to produce precipitates. Moreover, chemical changes that occur inside the substances are a part of chemical processes.

Moreover, chemical reactions take place between two or even more chemical substances, known as reactants. As a result, the reactants might be solid, gaseous, or liquid in nature. When a precipitation reaction occurs the resulting mixture of liquid solution and solid precipitate would be considered a heterogeneous Mixture.

Therefore, when a precipitation reaction occurs the resulting mixture of liquid solution and solid precipitate would be considered a heterogeneous Mixture.

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