What components of DNA are of particular use in reverse transcription, and why?
Answers
Answer:
A reverse transcriptase (RT) is an enzyme used to generate complementary DNA (cDNA) from an RNA template, a process termed reverse transcription. ...
Retroviral RT has three sequential biochemical activities: RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity, ribonuclease H (RNase H), and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity.
Reverse-transcribing RNA viruses, such as retroviruses, use the enzyme to reverse-transcribe their RNA genomes into DNA, which is then integrated into the host genome and replicated along with it.
Explanation:
The components of DNA that are particularly useful in reverse transcription are the RNA template and the reverse transcriptase enzyme.
Reverse transcription is a process used by retroviruses to convert their single-stranded RNA genome into double-stranded DNA. The RNA template is critical because it serves as a guide for synthesizing the complementary DNA strand during the reverse transcription process. The reverse transcriptase enzyme plays a central role in this process by catalyzing the synthesis of the DNA strand using the RNA template as a guide.
Reverse transcription is not limited to retroviruses and is also utilized in molecular biology techniques like reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase is used to convert RNA into complementary DNA (cDNA), enabling researchers to study gene expression and analyze RNA molecules using DNA-based methods.
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Related Questions
Which process created the gases of earth’s first atmosphere?
volcanic activity
photosynthesis
weathering
photolysis
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1. What are two ways living things (organisms)
affect the soil?
is
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Answer: Humans and other organisms use the soil to decompose these waste materials into new materials.
Explanation:
autocrine stimulation is the ability of cancer cells to do what?
Answers
Answer: produce and to respond to their own growth factors
Explanation:
Please help me I really need it!!5. Read the scenarios below. For each of the scenarios, identify the following (you should identify the 3 for EACH of the scenarios):Control Group Independent Variable Dependent VariableA. John thinks that a special juice will increase the productivity of workers. He creates two groups of 50 workers each and assigns each group the same task (in this case, they're supposed to staple a set of papers). Group A is given the special juice to drink while they work. Group B is not given the special juice. After an hour, John counts how many stacks of papers each group has made. Group A made 1,587 stacks, Group B made 2,113 stacks.B. Candy notices that her shower is covered in a strange green slime. Her friend Belinda tells her that coconut juice will get rid of the green slime. Candy decides to check this out by spraying half of the shower with coconut juice. She sprays the other half of the shower with water. After 3 days of "treatment" there is no change in the appearance of the green slime on either side of the shower.C. Elisa is working on a science project. Her task is to answer the question: "Does Grow Long (which is a commercial hair product) affect the speed of hair growth?" Her family is willing to volunteer for the experiment.
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A) C. group: Group B, I. variable: Special juice, D. variable: Stacks of papers made. B) C. group: Half of the shower sprayed with water I. variable: coconut spray D. variable: change in green slime. C) C. group: members who do not use the product, I. variable: Grow Long use, D. variable: Speed of hair growth.
Control groupThe control group is selected from the same population as the treatment group.
These two groups are identical in all aspects except for the independent variable that the researcher changes in the experimental group to observe how they affect the individuals.
The control group is used to identify if there are any other factors influencing the results obtained by the treatment in the study, from the results that might be a consequence of other factors.
Data from an experimental group are compared with the data from a control group.
Independent VariableRefers to all the variables that provoke a response in another variable.
An independent variable is the one that changes or is controlled and modified to analyze how another variable responds to it.
It changes to analyze its effects on the dependent variable.
Dependent VariableThe dependent variable depends on any change in the independent variable.
Its value depends on how the independent variable is modified.
The change in the dependent variable might be either proportional or inversely proportional to the change in the manipulated variable.
A) Control group: Group B, who is not given the special juice.
Independent variable: Special juice ingestion.
Dependent variable: Stacks of papers each group makes.
B) Control group: Half of the shower sprayed with water
Independent variable: Coconut juice spray
Dependent variable: change in the appearance of the green slime.
C) Control group: The members of the family that do not use the product
Independent variable: Grow Long use
Dependent variable: Speed of hair growth
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In what stage of meiosis is crossing over most likely to occur?
Prophase I
Anaphase II
Metaphase I
Prophase II
Answers
Answer:
Prophase I
Explanation:
When chromatids "cross over," homologous chromosomes trade pieces of genetic material, resulting in novel combinations of alleles, though the same genes are still present. Crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis before tetrads are aligned along the equator in metaphase I.
By meiosis II, only sister chromatids remain and homologous chromosomes have been moved to separate cells. Recall that the point of crossing over is to increase genetic diversity. If crossing over did not occur until sometime during meiosis II, sister chromatids, which are identical, would be exchanging alleles. Since these chromatids are identical, this swap of material would not actually change the alleles of the chromatids.
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how do ectotherms primarily control their body temperature?
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Answer:
Ectotherms control their body temperature by relying on coverage of fur or feathers, which act as insulation. ... Brown fat has capillaries that transport heat throughout the body to warm it Brown fat cells have less cytoplasm, which prevents heat loss from the body.
The place in the retina where the axons of all the ganglion cells come together to leave the eye is called the
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The place in the retina where the axons of all the ganglion cells come together to leave the eye is called the retina.
It is responsible for converting light that enters the eye into signals that are sent to the brain, where they are processed into images. At the center of the retina lies the area where the axons of all the ganglion cells join together. This junction is known as the exit point, or the optic disk. Here, the ganglion cells’ axons bundle together to form the optic nerve, which connects the eye to the brain.
The strength of the signal sent to the brain depends on the number of axons connected at this point. In addition, the ganglion cells establish a connection between the rods and cones and the brain by carrying nerve impulses from the receptor cells to the brain. This junction is essential for vision, as it carries visual information to the brain, allowing us to see.
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The matrix structure is most appropriate for organizations exhibiting which of the following characteristics:
a. Organizations with numerous products or projects that draw on common functional expertise.
b. Organizations that have grown through diversification, vertical integration, and aggressive market or product development.
c. Organizations with single product/service and narrowly focused organizations.
d. Multinational organizations and non- governmental agencies (NGAs).
Answers
The matrix structure is most appropriate for organizations exhibiting the characteristic of "Organizations with numerous products or projects that draw on common functional expertise".
The matrix structure is a form of organizational structure that is created by overlapping functional and product divisions within an organization. It can also be referred to as a grid, project-based, or cross-functional structure. The matrix structure is the most appropriate for organizations that are made up of various products or projects that depend on similar functional knowledge or skill sets.Most of these projects or products, when executed under a single functional department, result in inefficiencies, such as repetition of effort, sluggish decision-making, and suboptimal resource use. As a result, businesses adopt the matrix structure to eliminate these inefficiencies and increase their chances of achieving their objectives. Matrix organizational structures may be difficult to operate in comparison to conventional hierarchical or functional structures.
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What is one problem caused by the tracking of students?
A. Gifted students are held back by having to work with struggling
students.
B. Students can too easily jump from one track to another.
C. Students do not learn how to work with people of differing
abilities.
D. All of the above are correct.
SUBMIT
Answers
8.
How do animal and plant viruses acquire an envelope?
A.
They synthesise it.
B. From the culture growth medium
C.
D.
E. It is part of a wall of the bacterial cell.
From the nuclear membrane of the host cell
They take it from other viruses.
Answers
Cellular membranes in a process called budding animal and plant viruses acquire an envelope.
What is an envelop?
The cell membrane, cell wall, and outer membrane, if present, make up the cell envelope. Typically, prokaryotes like bacteria exhibit this envelope. It consists of a bacterium's cell wall and inner cell wall. The integrity of the cell's structure is provided by the cell envelope.
The cell wall, the cell membrane, and any outside membrane that may be present make up the cell envelope. The cytoplasmic membrane, cell wall, and capsule make up the cell envelope in Gram-positive bacteria with a single membrane.
The complex, dynamic, multilayered cell envelope serves to shield bacteria from their uncontrollable and frequently hostile surroundings. Most bacteria's cell walls can be divided into one of two categories.
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In endospore formation, when dna condenses and aligns itself in the center of the cell, the cell is called a:_____.
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In endospore formation, when dna condenses and aligns itself in the center of the cell, the cell is called a: mother cell
Mother cells are known as the raw material of the body because from it all other cells are generated, this happens when the mother cell undergoes its division process.
What is a cell?A cell is the most basic and smallest form of life that exists in a living being, its parts are the membrane, the cytoplasm and the organelles including the nucleus.
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Write a short paragraph giving your opinion as to whether it is right to use stem cells or not.
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Answer:
Stem cells are important for living organisms for many reasons. ... In some adult tissues, such as bone marrow, muscle, and brain, discrete populations of adult stem cells generate replacements for cells that are lost through normal wear and tear, injury, or disease.
Explanation:
The first stage of photosynthesis in a chloroplast is:.
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what does the beginning (top left of diagram below) and the end (bottom right) of a chromatogram look like? what explains this?
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The beginning (top left) of a chromatogram typically shows a sharp peak or spike in the signal, which represents the solvent front or the point where the sample was first introduced into the chromatography system. The end (bottom right) of the chromatogram usually shows a flat baseline with little to no signal, indicating that all of the sample components have eluted from the column and have been detected.
This shape of the chromatogram is due to the separation process that occurs during chromatography. In chromatography, a sample is introduced into a column packed with a stationary phase (e.g. solid support or liquid) and a mobile phase (e.g. solvent). As the mobile phase moves through the column, the different components in the sample interact differently with the stationary phase and are separated. The elution order and time of each component depends on its physical and chemical properties.
Therefore, the beginning and end of a chromatogram reflect the behavior of the solvent and the sample components during the separation process. The sharp peak at the beginning indicates the initial movement of the solvent, while the flat baseline at the end signifies that all components have been fully separated and detected.
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How many products did George washington carver develop from each crop altogether
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Help please help! Need help
Answers
Answer:
option c. 1 is correct.
*For detailed explanation refer to the attachment.
Plz plz, answer it .answer it.
Answers
Answer:
B
Explanation:
The correct answer is B through the process of elimination. It can't be A since if you were looking through a telescope, you wouldn't actually see the entirety of Earth, itself, revolving around the Sun. It can't be C either since even if the church in the 17th century advocated it, it still isn't supported. It can't be D either since it isn't supported as well. No pieces of evidence are given besides the scientists agreeing on one single answer. However, B has proof of how they agreed on it.
Which of the following accurately describes ionic bonds?
O A. Atoms share one or more protons.
O B. Atoms transfer one or more electrons.
O C. Atoms share one or more electrons.
O D. Atoms transfer one or more protons.
Answers
Answer:
C. Atoms share one or more electrons.
Explanation:
Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the electrical attraction between atoms.
What is the geographic area where a given population is found? carrying capacity population density distribution range
Answers
Answer:
range
Explanation:
The geographic area where a given population is found is referred to as its distribution range. The geographic or physical boundaries that make up a given population of organisms are represented by the distribution range.
On the other hand, carrying capacity refers to the most members of a species that a particular habitat or ecosystem can support over the long term. It is the maximum population that may exist indefinitely without seriously affecting the environment or exhausting its resources.
A measure of how packed or concentrated a population is in a given area is called population density. The usual unit of measurement is the number of people per unit of habitat or land area. Within a distribution range, population densities can change between areas, indicating how individuals are dispersed within the available environment.
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What was the purpose of using CRISPR in the Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes experiment?Group of answer choicesTo find a way to lower mosquito populations in the wild and get rid of malaria in the future.The purpose of this experiment was to create a new disease like malaria.To find a way to lower mosquito populations in the wild and increase cases of malaria in the future.To find a way to increase mosquito populations in the wild and get rid of malaria in the future.
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To find a way to lower mosquito populations in the wild and increase cases of malaria in the future the purpose of using CRISPR in the Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes experiment.
Why do humans get malaria?The malaria parasite, which is spread by infected mosquitoes, multiplies inside red blood cells after entering the human bloodstream. After a few days, these cells burst, infecting other red blood cells and resulting in symptoms such as a severe headache, nausea, vomiting, fever, and coma.
What causes malaria largely?A plasmodium-genus single-celled parasite, which causes malaria. Most frequently, mosquito bites are the means of parasite transmission to people.
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The chief of staff at the hospital asks if it is possible this fungal pathogen is related to the tropical fungus the disease specialist, your colleague, at the BC CDC mentioned. The disease specialist answers the question by stating that it is possible and explain that although the tropical fungus species may have been transported to Vancouver Island years earlier, it may not caused any illness until now because the tropical fungus may not have been able to cause an infection due to being in a different environment that it was adapted to. However, through the process of natural selection acting on mutations, the original fungus could have evolved adaptations enabling it to successfully infect individuals in this new environment. Do you think the disease specialist's explanation is plausible based on what you know about evolution by natural selection?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Yes, the disease specialist's explanation is plausible based on what we know about evolution by natural selection. Let me break it down for you in simpler terms.
The disease specialist is suggesting that the tropical fungus mentioned by your colleague might be related to the fungal pathogen causing the illness at the hospital. They explain that even though the tropical fungus may have been brought to Vancouver Island some time ago, it might not have caused any illness until now. This could be because the tropical fungus was originally adapted to a different environment and couldn't infect people in the new environment of Vancouver Island.
Now, here's where evolution by natural selection comes into play. Over time, organisms can undergo changes in their traits and abilities through a process called natural selection. Mutations, which are changes in the genetic material of organisms, can happen randomly. If a mutation occurs in the tropical fungus that enables it to infect individuals in the Vancouver Island environment, it could be favored by natural selection.
For example, let's say that due to a mutation, the tropical fungus developed adaptations that allowed it to thrive in the new environment and infect people. These adaptations might include changes in its ability to penetrate human cells or evade the immune system. As a result, the fungus would become more successful at causing infections in the Vancouver Island population.
So, the disease specialist's explanation is plausible because it suggests that over time, through natural selection acting on mutations, the original tropical fungus could have evolved adaptations that made it capable of causing illness in the new environment of Vancouver Island.
to assist the primary dye with penetrating the wax and staining the cells, while, kinyoun (k) version of the acid-fast stain uses
Answers
To assist the primary dye with penetrating the wax and staining the cells, the Ziehl-Neelsen version of the acid-fast stain uses heat while Kinyoun (K) version of the acid-fast stain uses a higher concentration of the primary stain.
What is acid-fast staining?Acid-fast staining is a bacteriological laboratory technique used to differentiate Mycobacterium species (which are acid-fast) from other bacteria. The primary stain stains the acid-fast bacteria with a red hue in acid-fast staining, while all other bacteria are stained blue with a counterstain. The method involves staining a bacterial specimen with carbolfuchsin, which stains all acid-fast organisms and rendering other bacteria colorless with a decolorizing solution before counterstaining the sample.
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Which describes a way that carbon is pulled out of the atmosphere. when fossil fuels are used when trees use photosynthesis when I was burned when animals exhale
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Answer:
Carbon is pulled out of the atmosphere when trees use photosynthesis
Your answer is B.
An energy company wants to build a geothermal energy plant within a wildlife preserve. Which of these is a likely benefit to building a geothermal energy plant in this area?
Increased growth in forest vegetation
Energy supplies will last indefinitely
The atmospheric temperature would increase
Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere would decrease
Answers
Answer:
I believe its D Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere would decrease
Explanation:
Energy supplies will last indefinitely if a geothermal energy plant is built within a wildlife preserve.
What is Geothermal energy?This is the type of heat which is generated within the earth crust and is also formed from radioactive decay of materials.
Geothermal energy plant will lead to energy supplies lasting indefinitely which is why option B was chosen.
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Spitting cobras can defend themselves by squeezing muscles around their venom glands to squirt venom at an attacker. Suppose a spitting cobra rears up to a height of 0.420 m above the ground and launches venom at 3.70 m/s, directed 55.0
∘
above the horizon. Neglecting air resistance, find the horizontal distance (in m ) traveled by the venom before it hits the ground. cm
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The horizontal distance traveled by the venom before it hits the ground is approximately 2.71 meters.
How far does the venom travel horizontally before reaching the ground?To calculate the horizontal distance traveled by the venom, we need to analyze the projectile motion of the venom's trajectory.
By considering the initial height, launch velocity, and launch angle, we can determine the horizontal distance covered.
When the spitting cobra launches venom, we can treat it as a projectile motion problem in the absence of air resistance.
The initial height of 0.420 m and launch angle of 55.0 degrees above the horizon are given.
By using the equations of projectile motion, we can calculate the time of flight and the horizontal distance traveled by the venom.
Using the equation for horizontal distance:
Range = (launch velocity) × (time of flight) × cos(launch angle)
By substituting the given values, we can calculate the horizontal distance covered by the venom.
Neglecting air resistance simplifies the calculation, as the venom's motion is only influenced by gravity.
Therefore, the horizontal distance traveled by the venom before hitting the ground is approximately 2.71 meters.
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worker molecules of the cell
Answers
Answer:
Proteins are the Body's Worker Molecules
Explains structure-function relationship, amino acids, protein folding, genetic code, sickle cell and CF, and computer modeling.
Before the human genome was sequenced by the Human Genome Project, scientist expected that they would find about 100,000 genesIn fact, they discovered that humans have only 25 000 genes which statement best explains this discrepancy in numbers?
A) Human error caused scientists to estimate the wrong number of genes found in the human genome.
B) Alternative RNA splicing, different molecules are produced from the same primary transcript, depending on which RNA segments are treared as exons and which introns.
C) A wobble where some molecules have anticadors can recognize two or more different because the pairing rules for the third base of a codon are not as strict as they are for the first two bases.
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When GDP is measured in "current prices" it is known as the A) real GDP. B) nominal GDP. C) nominal GNP. D) real GNP.
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When GDP is measured in "current prices," it is known as nominal GDP.
Hence, the correct option is B.
Nominal GDP is a measure of a country's economic output that is not adjusted for inflation. It represents the value of goods and services produced within an economy using current market prices. Nominal GDP includes the actual prices of goods and services prevailing in the given year of measurement.
On the other hand, real GDP is a measure of GDP that is adjusted for inflation. Real GDP takes into account changes in price levels by using a constant set of prices from a base year. Real GDP provides a more accurate reflection of changes in the quantity of goods and services produced over time, as it removes the influence of inflation.
The terms "nominal GNP" and "real GNP" are not directly related to measuring GDP in current prices. GNP (Gross National Product) refers to the total value of goods and services produced by the residents of a country, including their production within the country's borders and abroad. The terms "nominal GNP" and "real GNP" would be used to describe the GNP measures adjusted for inflation or measured at current prices, similar to nominal GDP and real GDP.
Therefore, When GDP is measured in "current prices," it is known as nominal GDP.
Hence, the correct option is B.
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a plant cell has a 5% salt concentration. It is placed into a solution containing a 12% salt concentration. what will happen to the plant cell
Answers
in a typical neuron, what happens during an action potential when a voltage-gated potassium channel opens?
Answers
In a typical neuron, Potassium leaves the cell, cell repolarizes during an action potential when a voltage-gated potassium channel opens.
Potassium enters the cell through a series of voltage-gated potassium channels that open, allowing it to flow down the electrochemical gradient. The membrane potential decreases rapidly as a result of these events, returning it to its normal resting state.
Action potentials, which are the electrical impulses that travel throughout your body, are nothing more than an abrupt change in the neuron's membrane potential from negative to positive caused by ions flowing in and out of the neuron. Before an action potential occurs, all gated sodium and potassium channels are closed during the resting state.
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