what can affect the reaction RATE but not the rate constant?

The intermolecular force between bromine and benzene is primarily a van der Waals force known as London dispersion forces.

London dispersion forces occur due to temporary fluctuations in electron distribution, creating temporary dipoles in molecules. In the case of bromine and benzene, both molecules are nonpolar, meaning they have no permanent dipole. However, they still experience London dispersion forces.

Benzene is a cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with a hexagonal ring structure. It consists of delocalized π electrons above and below the plane of the molecule. Bromine is a halogen element with seven valence electrons, which forms diatomic molecules. In the solid or liquid state, bromine molecules exist as Br2.

The London dispersion forces between bromine and benzene arise from the temporary shifts in electron density within their electron clouds. The π electrons in benzene induce temporary dipoles in the bromine molecules, resulting in attractive forces between them. These temporary dipoles continuously form and break due to electron movements, resulting in an overall attractive force between the bromine and benzene molecules.

While London dispersion forces are generally weaker than other intermolecular forces like dipole-dipole interactions or hydrogen bonding, they still contribute to the stability of the system and affect properties such as boiling points and melting points.

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From the given graph plotting the rate of photosynthesis versus the temperature, the rate of oxygen production is greatest at the point M.

Photosynthesis is the biochemical process of synthesising chemical energy by green plants  with the aid of light energy. The photosynthetic reaction involves the combination of carbon dioxide and water producing oxygen gas and glucose.

The chemical energy is stored in plants in the form of glucose which is then break down by the need of energy forming ATP.  The photosynthetic reaction is affected by the temperature and pressure of the atmosphere.

From the graph, it is clear that, the rate of photosynthesis is higher at the point M. Higher the rate of photosynthesis, higher will be the oxygen production. Hence, option B is correct.

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Answer:

Concentration of sodium carbonate solution = Moles of sodium carbonate / (135 mL / 1000) (convert mL to L)

Explanation:

To find the concentration of the sodium carbonate solution, we need to use the concept of stoichiometry and the amount of precipitate recovered.

First, we need to calculate the moles of the precipitate (barium carbonate) using its mass:

Mass of precipitate = 7.13 g

Next, we determine the moles of barium carbonate using its molar mass. The molar mass of barium carbonate (BaCO3) is 197.34 g/mol:

Moles of barium carbonate = Mass of precipitate / Molar mass of barium carbonate

Moles of barium carbonate = 7.13 g / 197.34 g/mol

Now, since the reaction between barium chloride and sodium carbonate is 1:1, the moles of barium carbonate also represent the moles of sodium carbonate present in the solution.

Therefore, the moles of sodium carbonate = Moles of barium carbonate

Now, we need to calculate the volume of the sodium carbonate solution using its concentration. Let's assume the concentration of the sodium carbonate solution is "C" mol/L.

Moles of sodium carbonate = Concentration of sodium carbonate solution * Volume of sodium carbonate solution

Since we have the moles of sodium carbonate and the volume is given as 135 mL, we can rearrange the equation to solve for the concentration:

Concentration of sodium carbonate solution = Moles of sodium carbonate / Volume of sodium carbonate solution

Concentration of sodium carbonate solution = Moles of sodium carbonate / (135 mL / 1000) (convert mL to L)

Substituting the value of moles of sodium carbonate, we can calculate the concentration.

Note: Make sure to perform the necessary unit conversions to ensure consistency in units.

Hello, this is Bing. I can help you with your question. Based on the information I found on the web, **H2** can be broken down into its two atoms of hydrogen (H) by supplying enough energy to overcome the bond that holds them together⁴. This process is called **dissociation** and requires an energy equal to or greater than the **dissociation energy** of H2, which is about 436 kJ/mol⁴.

One way to break down H2 is by using **electricity** to split water (H2O) into hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) through a process called **electrolysis**¹. In this process, water is decomposed into its elements by passing an electric current through it. The electric current is provided by a battery or another source of electricity and the water needs to have an **electrolyte**, such as salt or acid, added to it to make it conductive¹. Two electrodes, usually made of metal or other conductive material, are inserted into the water and connected to the battery. The electrode connected to the positive terminal of the battery is called the **anode** and the one connected to the negative terminal is called the **cathode**¹. When the electric current flows through the water, hydrogen gas bubbles form at the cathode and oxygen gas bubbles form at the anode¹. The overall chemical reaction for electrolysis of water is:

2 H2O → 2 H2 + O2

Another way to break down H2 is by using **heat** to cause a reaction between hydrogen and oxygen that produces water and releases a large amount of energy. This reaction is called **combustion** or **oxidation** and can be ignited by a spark or a flame³. The reaction is very fast and explosive and can be dangerous if not controlled. The overall chemical reaction for combustion of hydrogen is:

2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O

I hope this helps you understand how H2 can be broken down and what methods are used to do so.

The molar mass of MgCrO4 is approximately 140.30 g/mol.

To determine the molar mass of MgCrO4 (magnesium chromate), we need to calculate the sum of the atomic masses of each individual element in the compound.

The chemical formula MgCrO4 indicates that the compound consists of one magnesium atom (Mg), one chromium atom (Cr), and four oxygen atoms (O).

The atomic masses of the elements can be found on the periodic table:

Magnesium (Mg) has an atomic mass of approximately 24.31 g/mol.

Chromium (Cr) has an atomic mass of around 51.99 g/mol.

Oxygen (O) has an atomic mass of about 16.00 g/mol.

Now, we can calculate the molar mass of MgCrO4 by summing up the atomic masses of each element, considering the respective subscripts:

Molar mass = (Atomic mass of Mg) + (Atomic mass of Cr) + 4 × (Atomic mass of O)

Molar mass = (24.31 g/mol) + (51.99 g/mol) + 4 × (16.00 g/mol)

Molar mass = 24.31 g/mol + 51.99 g/mol + 64.00 g/mol

Molar mass ≈ 140.30 g/mol

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Sodium carbonate, also known as washing soda or soda ash, has a wide range of applications. Sodium carbonate can be naturally occurring or synthetically produced through various methods, including the Solvay process, which is the most common method of industrial production.

Sodium carbonate, also known as washing soda or soda ash, has many uses, including:

1) Cleaning agent: Sodium carbonate is an effective cleaning agent due to its alkaline nature. It is used in laundry detergents and household cleaners to remove stains and grease from clothes and surfaces.

2) Industrial applications: Sodium carbonate is used in a variety of industrial applications. It is used in the production of glass, pulp and paper, and soaps and detergents. It is also used as a water softener and pH regulator in chemical processes.

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At equilibrium, the number of moles of \(Cl_2\) (g) will be 0.2025 mol.

1: Write the balanced chemical equation:

\(C_O\)(g) + \(Cl_2\)(g) ⟶ \(C_OCl_2\)(g)

2: Set up an ICE table to track the changes in moles of the substances involved in the reaction.

Initial:

\(C_O\)(g) = 0.3500 mol

\(Cl_2\)(g) = 0.05500 mol

\(C_OCl_2\)(g) = 0 mol

Change:

\(C_O\)(g) = -x

\(Cl_2\)(g) = -x

\(C_OCl_2\)(g) = +x

Equilibrium:

\(C_O\)(g) = 0.3500 - x mol

\(Cl_2\)(g) = 0.05500 - x mol

\(C_OCl_2\)(g) = x mol

3: Write the expression for the equilibrium constant (Kc) using the concentrations of the species involved:

Kc = [\(C_OCl_2\)(g)] / [\(C_O\)(g)] * [\(Cl_2\)(g)]

4: Substitute the given equilibrium constant (Kc) value into the expression:

1.2 x \(10^3\) = x / (0.3500 - x) * (0.05500 - x)

5: Solve the equation for x. Rearrange the equation to obtain a quadratic equation:

1.2 x \(10^3\) * (0.3500 - x) * (0.05500 - x) = x

6: Simplify and solve the quadratic equation. This can be done by multiplying out the terms, rearranging the equation to standard quadratic form, and then using the quadratic formula.

7: After solving the quadratic equation, you will find two possible values for x. However, since the number of moles cannot be negative, we discard the negative solution.

8: The positive value of x represents the number of moles of \(Cl_2\)(g) at equilibrium. Substitute the value of x into the expression for \(Cl_2\)(g):

\(Cl_2\)(g) = 0.05500 - x

9: Calculate the value of \(Cl_2\)(g) at equilibrium:

\(Cl_2\)(g) = 0.05500 - x

\(Cl_2\)(g) = 0.05500 - (positive value of x)

10: Calculate the final value of \(Cl_2\) (g) at equilibrium to get the answer.

Therefore, at equilibrium, the number of moles of \(Cl_2\) (g) will be 0.2025 mol.

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The mass percentage of C in morphine would be 4.21%.

The mass percentage of a composition in a compound is the mass of the composition relative to the mass of the entire compound. This can be mathematically expressed as:

Mass percentage = mass of component/mass of substance x 100%

In this case, we are looking for the mass percentage of C in \(C_{17}H_{19}NO_3\).

Molar weight of C = 12 g/mol

Molar mass of  \(C_{17}H_{19}NO_3\) = (12x17) + (1x19) + (14x1) + (16x3)

                                             = 285 g/mol

Mass percentage of C = 12/285

                                     = 4.21% to 2 decimal places.

In other words, the mass percentage of C in morphine is 4.21%.

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White vinegar typically consists of 93%–96% water and 4–7% acetic acid. It can be used to cooking, bake, cleaning, and get rid of weeds. It can also help you lose weight and lower your blood sugar and cholesterol. Consumption is safe in moderation, but excessive consumption or when combined with certain medications could be harmful.

Apple cider vinegar is widely used in cooking and as a salad dressing because it contains acetic acid and nutrients like vitamins C and B vitamins. But at the same time, it's been utilized customarily as medication. It helps in losing weight.

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Answer: chemistry question??

Explanation:

The name of the molecule is 1-bromopropane.

It belongs to the halogenated alkanes homologous series.

A homologous series is a family of organic compounds with similar chemical properties and the same functional group which differ one from the next by a CH2 group.

Examples of homologous series are the alkanes, alkanes, alkanols, and halogenated alkanes.

Halogenated alkanes are a family of organic compounds which differ from the parent alkane by a substitution of one or more of hydrogen atoms with alkanes.

Example is bromopropane, CH3CH2CH2Br; chloroethane, CH3Cl.

Therefore, the name of the molecule is 1-bromopropane. It belongs to the halogenated alkanes homologous series.

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Answer: 20.9 billion years.

Explanation: To estimate the age of the rock, we can use the fact that the half-life of uranium-238 is 4.47 billion years. This means that half of the uranium-238 in the rock would have decayed into lead-206 after 4.47 billion years, and half of what remains would decay in the next 4.47 billion years, and so on.

If 20% of the uranium-238 in the rock has decayed into lead-206, then 80% of the original uranium-238 is still present in the rock. This means that the rock has gone through one half-life of uranium-238 decay, and we can estimate its age by using the graph on page 253.

According to the graph, the ratio of lead-206 to uranium-238 after one half-life is approximately 0.027. This means that the rock contains 0.027 times as much uranium-238 as it did originally, and the remaining 80% of the uranium-238 corresponds to 0.8 times the original amount.

Therefore, we can estimate the original amount of uranium-238 in the rock as follows:

Original amount of uranium-238 = (0.8) / 0.027 = 29.63 times the current amount

Next, we can use the fact that each half-life corresponds to a reduction in the amount of uranium-238 by a factor of 2, to estimate the number of half-lives that have passed since the rock formed:

Number of half-lives = log2(29.63) = 4.88

Finally, we can estimate the age of the rock as follows:

Age of the rock = (4.88) x (4.47 billion years per half-life) = 20.9 billion years

Therefore, we can estimate that the age of the rock is approximately 20.9 billion years.

The math expression for time taken = [(0.40) / (2.998 × 10⁸)] s

The speed of light = 2.998 × 10⁸ m/s

Distance travelled by light = 40 cm = 0.40 m

Time taken by the light to travel 0.40 m can be calculated as follows-

Speed of light = (Distance traveled by light) / (time taken)

So,

Time = (Distance traveled by light) / (speed of light) = (0.40 m) / (2.998 × 10⁸ m/s) = 1.334 × 10⁻⁹ s.

The speed of light in vacuum, ordinarily signified c, is a widespread actual steady that is significant in numerous areas of physical science. The speed of light c is precisely equivalent to 299,792,458 meters each second.

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London dispersion forces are known to be the weakest among the intermolecular forces. Therefore, option (D) is correct.

London dispersion forces can be described as a type of intermolecular force acting between atoms and molecules that are generally electrically symmetric. The electrons are generally symmetrically distributed with respect to the nucleus and are part of the van der Waals forces.

The electron distribution around an atom undergoes varies in time which creates electric fields felt by other nearby atoms and molecules.

The net effect is in electron positions in an atom produce a corresponding redistribution of electrons in other atoms. These are the weakest among the other intermolecular forces.

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The equation C2H4(g) + H2(g) + C2H6(g) → Caco3(s) + Cao(s) + CO2(g) shows an increase in entropy due to the formation of a gas as a product. Option A

In this equation, the reactants on the left-hand side consist of gases (C2H4 and H2), while the products on the right-hand side include a solid (Caco3) and a gas (CO2).

When a reaction involves a change from gaseous to solid or liquid states, there is typically a decrease in entropy because the particles become more ordered and constrained in the solid or liquid phase.

Conversely, when a reaction involves the formation of gases, there is generally an increase in entropy because gases have higher degrees of molecular motion and greater freedom of movement compared to solids or liquids.

In the given equation, the reactants include three gaseous compounds (C2H4, H2, and C2H6), and one of the products is a gas (CO2). Therefore, the overall entropy of the system increases during this reaction.

The equation Fe(s) + S(s) → FeS(s) does not show an increase in entropy. Both the reactants (Fe and S) and the product (FeS) are solids. Since solids have lower entropy compared to gases or liquids, the entropy of the system does not increase in this reaction. Option A

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Answer:

New data or interpretations of natural world

Explanation:

Answer:

The reaction rate decreases with a decrease in temperature. Catalysts can lower the activation energy and increase the reaction rate without being consumed in the reaction. Differences in the inherent structures of reactants can lead to differences in reaction rates.

Explanation:

Answer:

(a). The solubility of \(BaCO_{3}\) in pure water is \(4.4\times10^{-5}\ M\)

(b). The solubility of \(BaCO_{3}\) in solution is \(6.92\times10^{-9}\ M\)

Explanation:

Given that,

(a). The solubility of \(BaCO_{3}\) in pure water

(b). The solubility of \(BaCO_{3}\) in a solution

Solubility of \(CO_{3}^{-2}\) is 0.289 M

We know that,

The solubility product constant  of  \(BaCO_{3}\) is \(2\times10^{-9}\)

Let the solubility of \(BaCO_{3}\) is s.

We need to calculate the solubility of \(BaCO_{3}\) in pure water

Using formula of solubility

\(ksp=s\times s\)

\(ksp=s^2\)

\(s=\sqrt{ksp}\)

Put the value into the formula

\(s=\sqrt{2\times10^{-9}}\)

\(s=4.4\times10^{-5}\ M\)

(b). We need to calculate the solubility of \(BaCO_{3}\) in solution

Using formula of solubility

\(ksp=s\times s\)

Put the value into the formula

\(2\times10^{-9}=s\times 0.289\)

\(s=\dfrac{2\times10^{-9}}{0.289}\)

\(s=6.92\times10^{-9}\ M\)

Hence, (a). The solubility of \(BaCO_{3}\) in pure water is \(4.4\times10^{-5}\ M\)

(b). The solubility of \(BaCO_{3}\) in solution is \(6.92\times10^{-9}\ M\)

A bernoulli process consists of a series of n independent and identical trials of an experiment such that on each trial: (choose all that apply!) is that there are two outcomes with a probability of success or failure.

The binomial distribution is one of the distributions with discrete random variables which is a study of inferential statistics. This distribution is used to calculate the probability of an experiment, and this distribution is often referred to as the Bernoulli experiment.

The Bernoulli distribution is a distribution derived from the Bernoulli experiment. The Bernoulli experiment is an experiment that produces two possible outcomes: Success and Failure. In addition, this experiment has other characteristics, namely the sequence of these experiments is an independent event. An example of this experiment is when tossing a coin that only has two outcomes, namely a picture or a number. Then the probability of our guess succeeds or fails.

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Answer:

P6S9

Explanation:

Firstly, let's write the numbers in Latin

1 = mono

2 = di

3 = tri

4 = tetra

5 = penta

6 = hexa

7 = hepta

8 = octa

9 = nona

Secondly, write the symboles of the given elements:

Phosphorus is P

Sulfide is S

Finally, connect the numbers and symbols.

Rule of pronunciation: Number of first element + symbol of first element + number of second element + symbol of second element

P6S9

Please upvote.

Answer:

The option D is correct answer.

Decaying pants and animals are important to the ecosystem as they return the nutrients to the soil.

Ecosystem is defined as a system which consists of all living organisms  and the physical components with which the living beings interact. The abiotic and biotic components are linked to each other through nutrient cycles  and flow of energy.

Energy enters the system through the process of photosynthesis .Animals play an important role in transfer of energy as they feed on each other.As a result of this transfer of matter and energy takes place through the system .Living organisms also influence the quantity of biomass present.By decomposition of dead plants and animals by microbes nutrients are released back in to the soil.

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Answer:

A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms which turn one or more compounds into new compounds. Equations and models may describe all of the chemical reactions. ... If atoms detach from each other and recombine into various types of atoms, we conclude that there has been a chemical reaction.

Answer:

equations and models.

Explanation:

All chemical reactions can be represented by equations and models.

If a birdies a distance d = 120 ± 3 m during a time t = 20.0 ± 1.2 s. The average speed of the bird is v=d=+ = 6 m/s.  the bird's speed is 6 meters per second with an uncertainty of 2.5 meters per second.

To calculate the uncertainty of the bird's speed, we need to use the formula:

Δv = Δd/Δt

where Δd is the uncertainty in the distance, and Δt is the uncertainty in the time.

Given:

d = 120 ± 3 m

t = 20.0 ± 1.2 s

We can plug in the values and calculate the uncertainty:

Δd = 3 m

Δt = 1.2 s

Δv = Δd/Δt = (3 m) / (1.2 s) = 2.5 m/s

Therefore, the uncertainty in the bird's speed is 2.5 m/s.

Since the average speed is v=d/t=120/20=6 m/s, we can write the final result with the uncertainty as:

v = 6 ± 2.5 m/s

So the bird's speed is 6 meters per second with an uncertainty of 2.5 meters per second.

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Answer:

1. 2121

2. i have no idea

3. 212

Explanation:

The volume of carbon dioxide produced is approximately (d) 11.9 liters.

To determine the amount of carbon dioxide (C\(O_2\)) produced when 37.8 grams of carbon disulfide (C\(S_2\)) reacts with excess oxygen gas (\(O_2\)), we need to use stoichiometry and the given balanced chemical equation:

C\(S_2\)(l) + 3\(O_2\)(g) → C\(O_2\)(g) + 2S\(O_2\)(g)

First, we calculate the number of moles of C\(S_2\) using its molar mass:

Molar mass of (C\(S_2\)) = 12.01 g/mol (C) + 32.07 g/mol (S) × 2 = 76.14 g/mol

Number of moles of (C\(S_2\)) = mass / molar mass = 37.8 g / 76.14 g/mol ≈ 0.496 mol

From the balanced equation, we can see that the stoichiometric ratio between (C\(S_2\)) and C\(O_2\) is 1:1. Therefore, the number of moles of C\(O_2\) produced will also be 0.496 mol.

Now we can use the ideal gas law to calculate the volume of C\(O_2\) at the given temperature and pressure. The ideal gas law equation is:

PV = nRT

where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant (0.0821 L·atm/mol·K), and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

Converting the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin:

T(K) = 28.85°C + 273.15 = 302 K

Using the ideal gas law:

V = nRT / P = (0.496 mol) × (0.0821 L·atm/mol·K) × (302 K) / (1.02 atm) ≈ 11.9 L

The correct answer is 11.9 liters.

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The other compound that makes up most of the other gases in the table is water vapor.

Water vapor is not listed in the table because it is not a pollutant. However, it is a significant component of exhaust gas, and it can contribute to smog formation. Water vapor is formed when the fuel in a petrol engine is burned. The combustion process produces water as a byproduct.

The amount of water vapor in the exhaust gas depends on the temperature of the combustion process. At higher temperatures, more water vapor is produced. Water vapor is not a pollutant in itself, but it can contribute to smog formation.

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Complete question:

this table shows the percentages of some gases in the exhaust from a petrol engine

nitrogen 68

carbon dioxide 15

carbon monoxide 1

oxygen 0.75

nitrogen oxides 0.24

hydrocarbons 0.005

sulphur dioxide 0.005

other gases

what is the name of the other compound that makes up most of the other gases in the table?

Explanation:

As a water is heated from 46°C to 102°C, the particle arrangement of the water molecules changes.

We use the term evaporation to describe this kind of change.

answer: the substance will change from a liquid state to a gaseous state

explanation: 46 degrees celsius means that the particles are in a liquid state, when the particles are heated up to 102 degrees celsius, it means that the particles are now in a gaseous state