What benefits are afforded to humans by the microbes in the GI tract?

The true statements concerning chromosomes are:

1. Chromosomes are composed of DNA and packaging proteins called histones so they may fit tightly into the nucleus of a cell.

2. Located on each chromosome are segments of DNA known as genes or units of inheritance that code for functional products.

3. Homologous chromosomes contain the same genes and the same allele combination.

4. DNA replication occurs prior to the cell cycle, in which copies of each homologous chromosomes are made, and each of these copies is called sister chromatids.

5. After replication, sister chromatids, which are identical copies of a chromosome, contain identical allele combinations.

6. The ultimate purpose of sexual reproduction and replicating chromosomes is to pass on a copy of a cell's genes to the next generation of cells within the body.

1. Chromosomes are composed of DNA and histones, which are proteins that help in packaging the DNA. This packaging allows the long DNA molecule to fit tightly into the nucleus of a cell.

2. Genes are located on chromosomes. They are segments of DNA that contain instructions for building functional products like proteins. These genes serve as the units of inheritance, carrying genetic information from one generation to the next.

3. Homologous chromosomes refer to the two copies of each chromosome in a diploid cell. While they contain the same genes, they may have different alleles, or versions of those genes, which contribute to genetic variation.

4. DNA replication occurs before the cell cycle. During replication, each chromosome's DNA is copied, resulting in two identical sister chromatids attached at a central region called the centromere. This ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes during cell division.

5. Sister chromatids are exact copies of each other because they are formed through DNA replication. They contain identical allele combinations since they originated from the same chromosome.

6. The purpose of sexual reproduction and the replication of chromosomes is to pass on a copy of the cell's genes to the next generation of cells within the body. This ensures the transmission of genetic information, allowing for the development of new individuals with unique combinations of genes.

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Answer:

Antigen

Explanation:

on the surface of the pathogen that helps immune cells identify then

When pathogen are swallowed by the immune system's macrophages and dendritic cells, they are digested and a small amount of the pathogen's antigen is attached to the macrophage's surface.

What is antigen?

Any chemical that triggers the body's immune system to react negatively to it. Toxins, chemicals, germs, viruses, and other things originating from the outside of the body are examples of antigens.

In reaction to exposure to antigens, B cells of the immune system create Y-shaped proteins known as antibodies (immunoglobulins).

Antigen receptors, such as antibodies and T-cell receptors, are responsible for recognizing antigens.

Immune system cells produce a variety of antigen receptors, giving each cell a specificity for a single antigen.

Therefore, antigen is attached to the surface of the macrophage.

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Kinesiology, the study of human movement, focuses on understanding the complex mechanisms involved in human motion, physical activity, and sport performance. Kinesiologists often deal with issues of causation and the objectification of the body, which are important for various reasons.

Firstly, issues of causation refer to understanding the underlying factors that cause injuries and diseases related to physical activity. Kinesiologists are responsible for diagnosing and treating these conditions, which requires them to have a thorough understanding of the causative factors. This knowledge enables kinesiologists to provide effective treatments that target the underlying cause of the problem.

Kinesiologists must be aware of these issues and strive to treat athletes with respect and dignity, while also helping them achieve their performance goals. In conclusion, issues of causation and the objectification of the body are essential for kinesiologists because they enable them to diagnose and treat injuries and diseases related to physical activity, while also promoting the well-being of athletes.

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Answer:

So, assuming the dice are 'fair' (that each of the six numbers has a probability of 1/6 of showing up on each of the dice), there is a probability of 1/36 that all three dice will show the same number.

Explanation:

Number of potential reading frames that are present in mRNA molecule is three.

In molecular biology, reading frame is a way of dividing the sequence of nucleotides in a nucleic acid molecule into a set of consecutive and non-overlapping triplets. These triplets equate to amino acids or stop signals during translation and they are called codons.

The mRNA is single-stranded and therefore only has three possible reading frames, of which only one is translated. Codons of the mRNA reading frame are translated in 5′→3′ direction to amino acids by a ribosome to generate a polypeptide chain.

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Answer:

Carbon-14 dating

Explanation:

As far as you have the bone you need to determine the time of death by radioactivity and the individual killed by DNA

Answer:

11.cell is a basic structural and functional unit of life and they are basic building blocks

12.Stems. Stems support buds and leaves and carry water, minerals and food

13.herbaceous stems and woody stems.

14.Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms.

15.The plant life cycle consists of four stages; seed, sprout, small plant, and adult plant.

16.annual

17.biennial

18.Perennials

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Answer:

-47

Explanation:

Answer: c

Explanation:

A membranous network associated with protein production, A cellular structure that is composed of both RNA and protein.

What is a Ribosome?

Ribosomes are macromolecular machines, found within all cells, that perform biological protein synthesis. Ribosomes link amino acids together in the order specified by the codons of messenger RNA molecules to form polypeptide chains. Ribosomes consist of two major components: the small and large ribosomal subunits.

The ribosome is a membranous network associated with protein production, it is a cellular structure that is composed of both RNA and protein.

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The laying of eggs has an analog in angiosperms, which is fruit dispersal. The correct answer is option C)

In biology, an analog is a feature or characteristic of a species that performs a similar function to a feature in another species. In the case of laying eggs and angiosperms, fruit dispersal is the analog. The fruits produced by angiosperms contain seeds, which aid in the distribution of the next generation of plants. Fruit dispersal is an important stage of the plant life cycle as it enables the plant to colonize new areas and avoid overcrowding. There are various methods by which the angiosperm plant disperses its fruits, including wind, water, and animals.

Wind-dispersed fruits are light and have wings, which helps them to be carried away by the wind. Similarly, water-dispersed fruits are buoyant and have structures that enable them to float in water. Animal-dispersed fruits have evolved to be appealing to animals, either through their taste or by providing food for them. The fruit also has hooks or spines that attach to the fur or feathers of animals and are transported to new locations.

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Answer:

The correct answer would be - option B. information system.

Explanation:

DNA is the unit of heredity as it contains the genetic code of an organism which is carried all the genetic information and transfer from the parent cell to the daughter cell. It also carries the information required for making all essential proteins in an organism.

So, if an organism did not have DNA, it would be missing the information system which is also responsible for the cell division other than given information.

Early in embryonic development of female mammals, X-inactivation occurs to prevent "double dosing" of proteins from X chromosomes

X-inactivation occurs early in embryonic development of female mammals to prevent "double dosing" of proteins from X chromosomes. X-inactivation occurs early in embryonic development of female mammals to prevent "double dosing" of proteins from X chromosomes. X-inactivation is the process by which one of the two X chromosomes present in female mammals is inactivated. Therefore, a female mammal's cells have only one active X chromosome, and thus the expression of most genes on the two X chromosomes is similar in females and males.

Genes on both the X chromosomes are normally active in female mammals. The X-inactivation event shuts down one of the two X chromosomes in female mammalian embryos. X-inactivation allows males and females to have comparable numbers of X chromosome gene copies.

Therefore, female mammals are functional "mosaics" that have active X-linked genes from one or the other parental origin.

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Water is essential for the growth and survival of plants. One of the primary functions of water is to facilitate photosynthesis, the process by which plants produce food and energy from sunlight. Water is absorbed by the plant's roots and transported to the leaves, where it is used to split water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen during photosynthesis. The oxygen is released into the atmosphere, and the energy produced is used by the plant to grow and carry out other essential processes. Without water, plants would not be able to produce the energy they need to survive and thrive.

ATP synthase is an essential enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Atp synthase takes ADP (Adenosine diphosphate) and adds it to phosphate ions to make ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate).

It is a critical enzyme in cells that are energy sources for numerous biological processes. ATP synthesis by ATP synthase is one of the crucial processes in cell metabolism and can be explained through the mechanism known as chemiosmosis.Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient, in response to a chemical gradient.

ATP synthase is located in the mitochondrial membrane, and it uses the energy released by the flow of protons to drive the synthesis of ATP.The ATP synthase enzyme is made up of two significant subunits: F0 and F1. The F0 unit spans the inner mitochondrial membrane and contains a channel through which protons move. The F1 unit, on the other hand, protrudes into the mitochondrial matrix and contains the catalytic sites for ATP synthesis.

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Answer:

Carbon that is used by producers, consumers and decomposers cycles fairly rapidly through air, water and biota. But carbon can also be stored as biomass in the roots of trees and other organic matter for many decades. This carbon is released back into the atmosphere by decomposition, as was noted before.

I hope this Helps!

Answer: Your welcome!

Explanation:

The chances of having a child with the disorder depend on the genetic makeup of Mr. and Mrs. S. If both Mr. and Mrs. S are carriers of the sickle cell anemia gene, then the chances of having a child with the disorder are 25%. This is because both parents would need to pass on the genetic mutation to their child, and since both have it, there is a 25% chance of passing it on to their child. If only one of the parents is a carrier, then the chances are much lower at 12.5%.

It is important to note that there is no guarantee that a child will or will not have the disorder, as there are other factors that can influence the outcome. It is recommended that Mr. and Mrs. S seek the advice of a genetic counselor to better understand their risks and potential outcomes.

In a cow that is heterozygous for long hair (Ll), 50% of the cells undergoing meiosis will carry the dominant allele.

The percentage of cells carrying the dominant allele can be determined by analyzing the possible combinations of alleles during meiosis. In this case, the cow is heterozygous for long hair, meaning it has one dominant allele (L) and one recessive allele (l).

During meiosis, the homologous chromosomes separate, and each resulting cell receives one copy of each gene. Since the cow is heterozygous (Ll), there are two possible combinations of alleles in the gametes: L and l.

The probability of a particular allele being carried by a gamete is equal to the chance of it being selected during meiosis. Since the alleles segregate independently, there is an equal chance of the L allele or the l allele being selected in each cell undergoing meiosis.

Therefore, in a heterozygous cow, 50% of the cells undergoing meiosis will carry the dominant allele (L), while the other 50% will carry the recessive allele (l).

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Answer: amygdala

Explanation:

The limbic system, refers to the set of brain structures that's located on the sides of the thalamus. The function of the limbic system include olfaction, behavior, emotion, and long-term memory.

Since the cat suddenly jumps and acts as if it is fighting, the portion of the limbic system that was stimulated is the amygdala.

Answer:

The act or state of sticking together tightly especially

Explanation:

That is one definition.

Hope that helps.

Answer:

Cohesion is sticking of particles of same substance.

Explanation:

For example we say water has cohesion property it means water molecules are cohesive with other water molecules.

Answer:

The first cell is given thanks to endosymbiosis, through the union of different organisms that coexist in one, then sharing different organelles that allow them to coexist with each other.

Explanation:

The first cell is thought to have arisen by the enclosure of self-replicating RNA and associated molecules in a membrane composed of phospholipids.

Roundworms have a fluid-filled cavity called a pseudocoelom.

A pseudocoelom is a body cavity that is partially lined with mesoderm, but not completely like in true coelomates.

Roundworms belong to the phylum Nematoda and have a pseudocoelom that acts as a hydrostatic skeleton, allowing for movement and support.
The fluid-filled cavity found in roundworms is called a pseudocoelom.
A pseudocoelom is a body cavity found in some invertebrates, including roundworms, which provides a space for the internal organs and helps with functions like movement and circulation.

Hence,  Roundworms possess a pseudocoelom, a fluid-filled cavity that plays a crucial role in their biology.

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Answer:

Passwords must contain:

a minimum of 1 lower case letter [a-z] and

a minimum of 1 upper case letter [A-Z] and

a minimum of 1 numeric character [0-9] and

a minimum of 1 special character:~

at least 1 upper case, numeric, and special character must be EMBEDDED somewhere in the middle of the password, and not just be the first or the last  

Explanation:

Limitations. CRISPR/Cas is an extremely powerful tool, but it has important limitations. It is: ... not 100% efficient, so even the cells that take in CRISPR/Cas may not have genome editing activity. not 100% accurate, and “off-target” edits, while rare, may have severe consequences, particularly in clinical applications.

CRISPR fixes genetic code typos or mistakes

to help cure diseases

or

give the person desired genes or traits

Answer:

D. The fox population would decrease

Explanation:

The food web shows that the gray wolves population are the only population that prey on the moose population. If the gray wolves were removed, the population of moose would increase significantly and would dominate the ecosystem. This means that other herbivores won't be able to compete with the moose population for the forages and vegetation in the ecosystem. The population of the other primary consumers/herbivores will reduce also. By implication, the fox which depend on other smaller preys to feed on would not have much prey to feed on. The ultimate effect of the removal of the gray wolves would lead to a later decrease in the population of the fox

One organism that is not correctly matched to its energy source is a mushroom.  A cow that eats grass.

The mushroom belongs to the Kingdom Fungi. It obtains its energy by decomposing the organic matter of dead plants and animals, which is called saprophytism. Saprophytes feed on dead organic matter, while symbionts form associations with other organisms and parasitic organisms derive their energy by feeding on other living organisms.

However, some organisms that are correctly matched to their energy source are:- A bird that eats insects.- A plant that performs photosynthesis.

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