What are the [H₃O⁺] and the pH of a propanoic acid– propanoate buffer that consists of 0.35 M CH₃CH₂COONa and 0.15 M CH₃CH₂COOH (Ka of propanoic acid = 1.3X10⁻⁵)?

Answer:

what subject is this? science?

Lowering the pressure in a container will cause the liquid in the container to boil faster because it becomes easier for the molecules to escape.

Boiling happens when the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the atmospheric pressure.

By lowering the atmospheric pressure, the vapor pressure of a liquid takes a lower time to equal the atmospheric pressure.

Thus, it becomes easier for the molecules of the liquid to escape from each other.

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Answer:

• The Na atom is formed when the Na+ ion gains an electron.

• A Na+ ion has 10 electrons and a Na atom has 11 electrons.

• A sodium atom has one more electron shell than a sodium ion.

• A Na+ ion is formed when a Na atom loses an electron

Ions can be made by single element or covalently bonded group of elements. The covalently bonded group of elements is called polyatomic ions or polyatomic atoms. Therefore, because of increase in effective nuclear charge in case of Na⁺,  the radius of Na⁺ ion in the table salt is smaller than the radius of a Na atom.

Any species that contain charge whether it is positive charge or negative charge is called ions. The example of polyatomic ions are sulfate, phosphate, nitrate etc.

Cation is the species that loose electron and attain positive charge while anion is a species which gain electron and attains negative charge so when anion and cation combine in fixed ration the the overall charge of the molecule is zero that is molecule is neutral, the charge over cation and anion is also called oxidation state. Because of increase in effective nuclear charge in case of Na⁺,  the radius of Na⁺ ion in the table salt is smaller than the radius of a Na atom.

Therefore, because of increase in effective nuclear charge in case of Na⁺,  the radius of Na⁺ ion in the table salt is smaller than the radius of a Na atom.

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The end of a very long 5-mm-diameter rod is held at 124°C. The surface of the rod is exposed to ambient air at 30°C, with a convective heat transfer coefficient of 100 W/m2K. Determine the temperature at a radial distance of 2.5 mm from the rod's center. The thermal conductivity of the rod is 15 W/mK.b) What is the temperature gradient in the rod at this location?c).

What is the heat flux at this location?The temperature at a radial distance of 2.5 mm from the rod's center is 79.58°C.The solution for this problem can be found by following the steps below:Solution:a) The temperature of the rod, T, can be calculated using the formula for one-dimensional conduction:q/A = -k (d T/d r)whereq is the heat flux,A is the cross-sectional area of the rod,r is the radial distance from the center of the rod,k is the thermal conductivity of the rod,and T is the temperature of the rod.

Taking the boundary condition into account,T(r=0) = 124°CandT(r=2.5 mm) = 30°C, the solution to the differential equation is:T = T0 + (T1 - T0) (r/R)2whereT0 = 30°CT1 = 124°CR = 2.5 mm/2 = 1.25 mmso,T = 30 + (124 - 30) (r/1.25)2 = 30 + 78 (r/1.25)2at r = 2.5 mm,T = 79.58°Cb) The temperature gradient, d T/d r, is given by the derivative of the above equation:d T/d r = 124 (r/1.25)2 / 1.25where d T/d r = 98.72°C/mat r = 2.5 mmc) The heat flux, q/A, is given by the Fourier's law of heat conduction:q/A = -k (d T/d r)whereq/A = -15 (98.72/1000) = -1.48 W/m2at r = 2.5 mmTherefore, the temperature at a radial distance of 2.5 mm from the rod's center is 79.58°C, the temperature gradient in the rod at this location is 98.72°C/m, and the heat flux at this location is -1.48 W/m2.

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The false statement below is B. If ?G < 0, the reaction is spontaneous.

The statement is incomplete and not entirely correct. The Gibbs free energy change (?G) of a reaction determines the spontaneity of a reaction at constant temperature and pressure. A negative? G indicates that the reaction is thermodynamically favorable and spontaneous under standard conditions. However, the value of? G can be affected by changes in temperature, pressure, and concentration of reactants and products.

Regarding statement A, NaI is indeed the reducing agent in this reaction. In this reaction, NaI is oxidized to NaIO3, while HOCl is reduced to HCl.

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On a rock in coastal Maine, the fungus, the algae, and the bacteria make up part of an ecosystem.

An ecosystem consists of all the organisms and the physical environment with which they interact.

In the yellow scale lichen, the fungus provides protection, moisture, and nutrients for the algae. The algae carry out photosynthesis to produce food that is used by the fungus.

Ecosystem function is generally described as the capacity of natural processes and components to provide goods and services that satisfy human needs, either directly or indirectly.

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The right response is d. Both enzymes will have the same ΔG for catalysis.

The reaction rate and equilibrium constant have an impact on the Gibbs free energy (ΔG). No matter the source of the enzyme, such as E. coli or a thermophilic microbe, the ΔG for a reaction is the same. As a result, both enzymes will have the same ΔG for sucrose hydrolysis.

The ΔG may be written mathematically as:

ΔG = -RT ln (K)

T is the temperature, K is the equilibrium constant, and R is the gas constant..

As both enzymes have the same reaction rate (K) and temperature (T), the reaction's ΔG  value will likewise be the same.

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Phosphoric acid cannot be determined by titration with NaOH using either phenolphthalein or methyl orange indicator because of the presence of multiple dissociation stages in the acid. As a result, the equivalence point cannot be determined accurately.

This is due to the fact that the acid has three dissociation stages. Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is an example of a polyprotic acid, which means that it has more than one hydrogen ion to donate.

The acid undergoes successive ionization to form H2PO4-, HPO42-, and PO43- ions. The stepwise dissociation reactions are as follows: H3PO4(aq) + H2O(l) → H2PO4-(aq) + H3O+(aq)Ka1 = 7.5 × 10-3H2PO4-(aq) + H2O(l) → HPO42-(aq) + H3O+(aq)Ka2 = 6.2 × 10-8HPO42-(aq) + H2O(l) → PO43-(aq) + H3O+(aq)Ka3 = 4.2 × 10-13

As a result, the pH of the solution after each addition of NaOH will change in a series of steps rather than a single sharp change. As a result, it is impossible to determine the exact equivalence point using either phenolphthalein or methyl orange indicator.

Therefore, it is not possible to determine the amount of phosphoric acid in a solution using the titration method with these indicators.

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Answer:

water expands when it freezes

Explanation:

Answer:

B. Water expands when it freezes.

Explanation:

Flask 3 has higher mean square value.

Flask 1 (CO) – P1 = 760 torr

Flask 2 (N2) – P2 = 250 torr

Flask 3 (H2) – P3 = 100 torr

All these have same volume and temperature

•  Average Kinetic Energy:

(K.E.) avg = 3/2 RT

(K.E.) avg ∝ T, here T = Temperature

And all the flask has same temperature

So, they all have same Kinetic Energy.

The root mean square speed (C.R.M.S.) is given by,

CRMS = √ (3RT/Mo) = √ (3PV/Mo), where Mo is the molar mass

From above CRMS ∝ √ (P/Mo)

So, higher molar mass gas molecule has lower crms.

CO = Mo = (Mo)c + (Mo)o = 12 + 16 = 28

N2 = Mo = 2(Mo)N = 2 * 14 = 28

H2 = Mo = 2(Mo)H = 2 * 1 = 2

(Mo): - H2 < N2 = CO

Hence CRMS for Flask 3 > Flask 2 > Flask 1.

So, FLASK 3 has highest CRMS

•  Rate of effusion of gas (r) is inversely proportional to square root of density (d)

r ∝ 1 / √d

r ∝ 1 / √ Mo

therefore density (d) = Mo / 2

Mo: H2 < CO = N2

r: H2 > CO = N2

Flask 3 effuses higher than flask 1 & 2.

Thus,

Flask 3 has higher mean square value.

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This trend is observed because electrons are held more loosely, droppable in H₂Te when compared to the other molecules in the series, resulting in a stronger induced ionization energy.

The statement suggests that the trend being observed is related to the ease with which electrons can be removed from the molecules in the series.

When comparing the molecules in the series, H₂Te is stated to have electrons held more loosely or droppable compared to the others. This implies that H₂Te has a weaker electron affinity or stronger electron repulsion compared to the other molecules in the series.

As a result, when an external ionizing agent or energy is applied to the H₂Te molecule, it can more easily induce the removal of an electron, leading to a stronger induced ionization energy. This indicates that H₂Te requires less energy to ionize compared to the other molecules in the series.

Overall, the statement suggests that the trend observed in the series is due to the differing abilities of the molecules to retain their electrons and their response to external ionizing agents.

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Armando used this model to test the idea that you can modify the table legs using a certain sand size and record the results to test the hypothesis that extremely steep hills lead to narrow, deep rivers.

A model is an artificial representation of an object or a process. Models are used to show the process or things that are very big and can not be understood by the actual thing.

Sand, granite, mud, and other objects from the earth are carried away by the energy of the rushing water, along with water-soluble substances like limestone.

Thus, depending on how quickly a river flows, it has more or less. The ability to remove more material, as the river runs more quickly when it is narrow than large, leads to the development of a deep and narrow river.

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The question is incomplete. Your most probably complete question is given below:

Using Models to Answer Questions About Systems

Armando’s class was looking at images of rivers formed by flowing water. Most of the rivers were wide and shallow, but one river was narrow and deep.

Armando’s class thinks that this river is narrow and deep because:

the hill that the water flowed down was very steep, or

the sand grains that the water flowed through were very small.

To dilute the 0.200 M HCl solution to 0.150 M solution, 166.67 mL of water is needed to be added to the solution.

To dilute a solution, we can use the dilution equation:

M₁V₁ = M₂V₂

where M₁ and V₁ are the initial molarity and volume of the solution, and M₂ and V₂ are the final molarity and volume of the solution after dilution.

In this case, we are given M₁ = 0.200 M, V₁ = 500 mL, and M₂ = 0.150 M. We need to solve for V₂ to find the final volume of the solution after dilution, and then subtract V₁ from V₂ to find the amount of water that needs to be added.

0.200 M × 500 mL = 0.150 M × V₂

V₂ = (0.200 M × 500 mL) / 0.150 M

V₂ = 666.67 mL

So, the final volume of the solution after dilution should be 666.67 mL.

To find the amount of water that needs to be added, we can subtract the initial volume from the final volume:

666.67 mL - 500 mL = 166.67 mL

Therefore, we need to add 166.67 mL of water to the 500 mL of 0.200 M HCl solution to dilute it to a 0.150 M solution.

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The length of a warranty depends on the terms and conditions set by the manufacturer or seller, whereas the components of the product or service depend on its design and functionality.

The duration of a warranty can vary depending on several factors. Manufacturers often offer different warranty periods for different products or services. For example, a laptop may come with a one-year warranty, while a refrigerator may have a five-year warranty. Additionally, extended warranties may be available for purchase, which can extend the coverage beyond the standard warranty period.

On the other hand, the components of a product or service are determined by its design and functionality. For instance, a laptop may have components such as a processor, memory, storage, and a display, while a refrigerator may have components like a compressor, condenser, and thermostat. The length of a warranty is typically specified in the terms and conditions provided by the manufacturer or seller. These terms outline the duration of coverage and any limitations or exclusions that may apply. It is important for consumers to review the warranty terms to understand what is covered and for how long.

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An example of a case in which a wave is absorbed by matter is light seen through a glass window.

Matter is district from waves. A wave is a form of energy which could be absorbed by matter on its path. This is common with both mechanical and electromagnetic waves.

Hence, an example of a case in which a wave is absorbed by matter is light seen through a glass window.

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The pH of the solution made with 2.49 mol of barium hydroxide fully dissolved in 1.00 L of distilled water is 4.57.  

To determine the pH of a solution, we need to know the hydrogen ion ([H⁺) concentration of the solution. The pH scale is a measure of the concentration of [H⁺ ions in a solution, with 0 being highly acidic, 7 being neutral, and 14 being highly basic.

The formula for calculating the pH of a solution is:

pH = -log[[H⁺]

Where [[H⁺] is the concentration of H+ ions in the solution.

The pH of the solution made with 2.49 mol of barium hydroxide fully dissolved in 1.00 L of distilled water is 4.57.  

To calculate the concentration of [H⁺ions in a solution, we can use the formula:

[H⁺] = [OH⁻] / [H₂O]

Where [OH⁻] is the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution and [H₂O] is the concentration of water in the solution.

We can use the given information to calculate the concentration of hydroxide ions and water in the solution.

[OH⁻] = [Ba(OH)₂]/[H₂O] = (2.49 mol * 12.01 g/mol) / (1.00 L * 18.01 g/mol) = 0.0405 mol/L

[H₂O] = (1.00 L * 18.01 g/mol) / (1.00 L * 18.01 g/mol) = 1.00 mol/L

Substituting these values into the formula for [H⁺], we get:

pH = -log[H⁺] = -log(0.0405 mol/L) = 4.57

Therefore, the pH of the solution made with 2.49 mol of barium hydroxide fully dissolved in 1.00 L of distilled water is 4.57.  

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The number of molecules of either reactants or products in a balanced equation can be estimated using worked chemistry problems shown here. Find the moles of N 2 2 O 4 necessary for the reaction of 2 N 2 H 4 (l) + N 2 O 4 (l) 3 N 2 (g) + 4 H 2 O to completely react with 3.62 mol of N 2 H 4. 

Calculate the moles of N 2 O 4 required for the reaction of 2 N 2 H 4 (l) + N 2 O 4 (l) 3 N 2 (g) + 4 H 2 O to totally react with 3.62 mol of N 2 H 4.

In the reaction 2 N 2 H 4 (l) + N 2 O 4 (l) 3 N 2 (g) + 4 H 2 O (l) whenever the reactivity begins with 1.24 moles of N 2 H 4 , determine the number of mole of N 2 produced. Considering that the molar ratios of the reactants and products were equivalent, this chemical can be solved.

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Step 1

The reaction must be completed and balanced as follows:

C3H8 + 5 O2 => 3 CO2 + 4 H2O

-------------

Step 2

Information provided:

20.0 g of C3H8

10.0 g of O2

----

Information needed:

1 mole of C3H8 = 44.1 g

1 mole of O2 = 32.0 g

(use your periodic table please)

-------------

Step 3

By stoichiometry,

C3H8 + 5 O2 => 3 CO2 + 4 H2O

44.1 g C3H8 ---------- 5 x 32.0 g O2

20.0 g C3H8 ---------- X

X = 20.0 g C3H8 x 5 x 32.0 g O2/44.1 g C3H8

X = 72.6 g O2

For 20.0 g of C3H8, 72.6 g of O2 is needed, but there is only 10.0 g of O2.

Therefore,

Answer:

The limiting reactant = O2

The excess = C3H8

The volume needed to make 1.98 M of the solution is 2.12L

Molarity of a given solution is defined as the total number of moles of solute per litre of solution. One molar is the molarity of a solution where one gram of solute is dissolved in a litre of solution. As we know, in a solution, the solvent and solute blend to form a solution, hence, the total volume of the solution is taken.

Given,

Molarity = 1.98m

Moles = 4.2 mol

Molarity = number of moles of solute / volume of solution in L

Volume = moles / molarity

= 4.2 / 1.98

= 2.12 L

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The statement is false.

The formation of ozone (O3(g)) from oxygen (O2(g)) is not spontaneous at room temperature under standard state conditions.

The standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°) for a reaction determines its spontaneity. If ΔG° is negative, the reaction is spontaneous, while a positive ΔG° indicates a non-spontaneous reaction.

The standard molar Gibbs free energy of formation (ΔG°f) of a substance is the change in Gibbs free energy when one mole of the substance is formed from its elements under standard state conditions.

In this case, the given value of ΔG°f, O3 = 163.2 kJ/mol, represents the standard molar Gibbs free energy of formation of ozone.

If the value of ΔG°f for a substance is positive, it indicates that the formation of the substance from its elements is non-spontaneous under standard state conditions.

Since the statement mentions that the formation of ozone from oxygen is spontaneous, it contradicts the given value of ΔG°f, O3 = 163.2 kJ/mol.

Therefore, the correct answer is false. The formation of ozone from oxygen is not spontaneous at room temperature under standard state conditions based on the given value of ΔG°f.

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Answer:

55 degrees F - cold water

120 degrees F

the last on I don't know

First, we calculate the moles of each element taking the percentages as a mass:

We divided the number of moles by the smaller number of moles. In this case, C is the smallest:

These numbers give us the empirical formula wich is: CH2

Materials generally become warmer when they are "absorbed" by light, this statement is more detailed. So, the correct answer is "absorbed by them."

Explanation: When a material absorbs light, it receives energy from the light, which leads to an increase in temperature. When light is absorbed by a material, the energy of the light is transformed into internal energy in the material. The temperature of a material can increase as a result of this energy absorption.

This is due to the fact that the increased internal energy of the molecules in the material causes them to vibrate more quickly and hence results in a temperature rise.

The light reflects or transmits when it passes through the material. When light reflects off a surface, it bounces back in the opposite direction. Transmitted light travels through a material without being absorbed by it.

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The total percent yield:

After the combustion reaction with methane, the percent yield was 66.7%.  

Combustion of Methane:

The other reactant, air's excess oxygen, is always present, making methane the limiting reactant. As a result, the amount of CH₄ burned will determine how much CO₂ and H₂O are produced.

The following chemical process produces carbon dioxide from methane:

CH₄ + 2O₂ ⇒ CO₂ + 2H₂O

Calculations:

1. Theoretical quantity of carbon dioxide:

All calculations will be based on the amount of methane because the problem specifies that it is the limiting reagent:

12.0g of CH₄ × (1 mol of CH₄/16g CH₄) × (1 mole of CO₂/1 mole of CH₄) × (44g CO₂/1 mole of CO₂)

= 33g of CO₂

2. Percent yield:

= Actual yield/Theoretical yield × 100

= 22.0g/33g × 100

= 66.7%

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Answer:

B: 1s²2s²2p¹

Na: 1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹

Explanation:

A = 2

B = 1

C = 2

D = 6

E = 1

Hope that helps.

Answer:

B: 1s2 2sA2pB

A = 2

B = 1

Na: 1s22sC2pD3sE

C = 2

D = 6

E = 1

Procedure to make 250 mL of 1.00 M Sodium Hydroxide Solution from Sodium Hydroxide Pellets:

Materials and Equipment:

Sodium hydroxide pellets (solid)

Distilled water

250 mL volumetric flask

Weighing scale

Beaker

Stirring rod

Safety goggles

Gloves

Put on safety goggles and gloves to protect yourself from any potential hazards.

Set up the weighing scale on a stable surface and tare it to zero.

Take the 250 mL volumetric flask and carefully add distilled water to fill it up to approximately 3/4 of its volume. Handle the volumetric flask with care to avoid spillage.

Slowly and carefully add sodium hydroxide pellets to the water in the volumetric flask, while stirring gently with a stirring rod. Keep adding the pellets until the desired mass is achieved.

Continuously stir the solution until all the sodium hydroxide pellets are dissolved completely. Ensure that the solution is uniform and well-mixed.

Once all the sodium hydroxide pellets are dissolved, carefully add more distilled water to the volumetric flask until the bottom of the meniscus reaches the calibration mark on the neck of the flask.

Stopper the volumetric flask and invert it several times to ensure thorough mixing of the solution.

Once the solution is well-mixed, transfer it to a clean and properly labeled storage container, such as a reagent bottle or another suitable container.

Store the sodium hydroxide solution in a safe location, away from heat, direct sunlight, and incompatible substances. Make sure to label the container with the concentration, date of preparation, and any other relevant information.

Remember to follow proper laboratory safety protocols throughout the procedure, such as wearing appropriate protective equipment, handling chemicals with care, and working in a well-ventilated area.

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In order to determine the coefficient of OH- when the equation is balanced using the set of smallest whole-number coefficients, we need to have the balanced chemical equation in question. Without knowing the specific reaction, it is difficult to provide a definite answer.

However, in a general balanced chemical equation, the coefficients represent the relative numbers of moles of each species involved in the reaction. The coefficient of a species can be thought of as a multiplier for the number of moles of that species involved in the reaction.

The coefficient of OH- can be found by inspecting the balanced chemical equation and looking for the number of OH- ions present on both sides of the equation. Once we have identified the number of OH- ions on each side, we can simplify the equation using the smallest whole-number coefficients.

In summary, the coefficient of OH- depends on the specific balanced chemical equation and cannot be determined without additional information. However, once the balanced chemical equation is known, we can determine the coefficient of OH- by inspecting the equation and simplifying using the smallest whole-number coefficients.

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Compound x can be identified as a ketone containing a carbonyl group,

Let's start by breaking down the reaction:

Compound x (ketone) + 2 thioacetal + acid → thioacetal (product)

Thioacetal (product) + Raney nickel → diphenylmethane

In the first step of the reaction, the ketone (compound x) reacts with two equivalents of thioacetal in the presence of an acid to form the thioacetal product.

The thioacetal product is then treated with Raney nickel in the second step to form diphenylmethane.

Based on the reaction, we can infer that the carbonyl group of a ketone is replaced by a thioacetal group (-S-CH2-) when it reacts with two equivalents of thioacetal in the presence of an acid. The resulting product then undergoes hydrogenation with Raney nickel to form diphenylmethane.

Therefore, Compound x can be identified as a ketone containing a carbonyl group, but without any other functional groups that may interfere with this reaction. Without additional information or data, it is impossible to identify the specific structure of Compound x.

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Answer:

Procedures

Explanation:

The answer is procedures.

trust me

The ocular drug physostigmine inhibits acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of acetylcholine. The administration of physostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, would cause the pupil to constrict (miosis).

By inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, physostigmine increases the levels of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, leading to prolonged stimulation of cholinergic receptors.

This results in increased parasympathetic activity, which causes the circular muscle of the iris (known as the sphincter pupillae) to contract, leading to pupil constriction.

Acetylcholine plays a role in regulating the size of the pupil. The circular muscle of the iris, known as the sphincter pupillae, is under the control of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Stimulation of the parasympathetic nerves causes the sphincter pupillae to contract, resulting in pupil constriction (miosis).

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