What are the factors affecting your limitations? How about possibilities?

The correct option is (c) Hund's Rule.

Hund's rule: every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin.When assigning electrons to orbitals, an electron first seeks to fill all the orbitals with similar energy before pairing with another electron in a half-filled orbital. Atoms at ground states tend to have as many unpaired electrons as possible. In visualizing this process, consider how electrons exhibit the same behavior as the same poles on a magnet would if they came into contact; as the negatively charged electrons fill orbitals, they first try to get as far as possible from each other before having to pair up.Electrons are negatively charged and, as a result, they repel each other. Electrons tend to minimize repulsion by occupying their own orbitals, rather than sharing an orbital with another electron. Furthermore, quantum-mechanical calculations have shown that the electrons in singly occupied orbitals are less effectively screened or shielded from the nucleus.

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Answer:

B) 1

Explanation:

Lithium is a univalent element, univalent means that it has only one valence electron. If this is true, then lithium can only provide this one valence electron in a voltaic cell.

From the foregoing, each lithium atom can only provide one valence electron in the voltaic cell.

Answer:

B) 1

Explanation:

I got it in class!

Hope this Helps!! :))

This question is describing an spectrophotometry experiment in which the concentration of copper(II) ions has to be determined when 2.50 g of a copper-rich penny is reacted with 50.0 mL of nitric acid. In addition, the absorbance of a sample of the solution turned out to be 0.12 at 635 nm, so that the concentration was estimated as 12.8 g/L.

First of all, we must recall the Beer's law that can be written as follows:

\(A=ebC\)

Whereas A is the absorbance of the sample, e the molar absorptivity, b the cuvette's path and C the concentration. However, this problem is not providing sufficient information to calculate the required concentration, however, similar absorbance experiments have graphed (absorbance vs concentration) calibration curves exhibiting trendlines as the one shown below:

\(y=0.009647x-0.003655\)

Thus, since y stands for the absorbance and x for the concentration but in g/L not M (mol/L) for those experiments, we can set y equal to 0.12 so we solve for x as the concentration of the copper(II) ions in the sample:

\(y=0.009647x-0.003655\\\\x=\frac{0.12+0.003655}{0.009647}\\\\x=12.8g/L\)

Nevertheless, it would be great if you come up with your own trendline, having clear the units for the absorbance vs concentration graph and thus double check your results because the data was not enough for the time being.

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The new volume of the gas sample when the temperature is changed to 6.9 x 10 K and the pressure decreased to 0.81 atm will be  37.82 L. Option 2.

The problem can be solved with the general gas law.

p1v1/t1 = p2v2/t2

Where t1 = initial temperature of the gas, p1 = initial pressure of the gas, v1 = initial volume of the gas, t2 = final temperature of the gas, p2 = final pressure of the gas, and v2 = final volume of the gas.

In this case:

v1 = 3.7 L, t1 = 250 k, p1 = 3.0 atm

v2 = ?, t2 = 6.9 x \(10^2\) K, p2 = 0.81 atm

v2 = p1v1t2/t1p2

        = 3 x 3.7 x 6.9 x  \(10^2\)/250 x 0.81

               = 7659/202.5

                 = 37.82  L

Thus, the new volume of the gas sample when the temperature and the pressure changed would be 37.82 L.

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Answer: According to research

Lead when reacted with nitric acid forms lead (II) nitrate, nitrogen oxide and water

Explanation:

According to Charle's law, where pressure is constant the volume at 40 degree Celsius is 1.48 liters.

Pressure is defined as the force applied on an object perpendicular to it's surface per unit area over which it is distributed.Gauge pressure is a pressure which is related with the ambient pressure.

There are various units by which pressure is expressed most of which are derived units which are obtained from unit of force divided by unit of area . The SI unit of pressure is pascal .

It is a scalar quantity which is related to the vector area element with a normal force acting on it.It is distributed over solid boundaries and across arbitary sections of fluid normal to the boundaries at every point.

As per Charle's law, V₁/T₁=V₂/T₂ thus on substitution V₂=40×1/27=1.48 liters.

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Answer:

20m/s²

Explanation:

Step 1: rearrange the formula N=ma: a=N/m

Step 2: divide 120 by 4: 20m/s²

Hope that helps

Answer:

1

Explanation:

To determine the value of K (equilibrium constant) at 25 °C, we can use the Nernst equation, which relates the cell potential (E) to the equilibrium constant (K) and the standard cell potential (EºCell). The Nernst equation is given by:

E = EºCell - (RT / nF) * ln(K)

Where:

E = cell potential

EºCell = standard cell potential

R = gas constant (8.314 J/(mol·K))

T = temperature in Kelvin (25 °C = 298 K)

n = number of electrons transferred in the balanced redox equation

F = Faraday's constant (96,485 C/mol)

ln = natural logarithm

In this case, the given standard cell potential (EºCell) is -0.37 V.

The balanced redox equation for the cell reaction is:

Pt + Cr²+ -> Pt + Cr³+

Since there is no change in the oxidation state of Pt, no electrons are transferred in the reaction (n = 0).

Substituting the known values into the Nernst equation, we have:

E = -0.37 V - (8.314 J/(mol·K) * 298 K / (0 * 96,485 C/mol)) * ln(K)

E = -0.37 V

Since n = 0, the term (RT / nF) * ln(K) becomes 0, and we are left with:

-0.37 V = -0.37 V - 0

This implies that the value of K is 1, since any number raised to the power of 0 is equal to 1.

Therefore, the value of K at 25 °C for the given cell is 1.

A pure substance is indeed a single kind of matter with a uniform and definite composition. In contrast, a mixture is made up of two or more substances that are together in the same place, but each substance maintains its own properties.

Mixtures can be classified as either homogeneous or heterogeneous. A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition throughout, meaning its components are evenly distributed and not easily distinguishable. Examples include solutions, such as saltwater or air.

On the other hand, a heterogeneous mixture has an uneven distribution of its components, and its individual substances can be easily identified. Examples include sand and water, or oil and water.

One key distinction between a pure substance and a mixture is that a pure substance has a fixed composition, while the composition of a mixture can vary. This means that mixtures can be separated into their individual components through physical processes like filtration, evaporation, or distillation, without undergoing any chemical changes.

In summary, a pure substance is a single type of matter with a definite and uniform composition, while a mixture consists of two or more substances that are combined in the same place, but each substance retains its individual properties. Mixtures can be homogeneous or heterogeneous and can be separated into their components through physical methods.

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There are 6.44 × 10²³ molecules in 24.0 L of oxygen gas at standard temperature and pressure.

HOW TO CALCULATE NUMBER OF MOLECULES:

To calculate the number of molecules in a substance, we need the number of moles. The number of moles can be calculated using ideal gas law equation as follows:

PV = nRT

Where;

According to this question, oxygen gas is at standard temperature (273K) and pressure (1 atm)

1 × 24 = n × 0.0821 × 273

24 = 22.4n

n = 24 ÷ 22.4

n = 1.07moles

To calculate the number of molecules, we multiply the no. of moles by Avogadro's number (6.02 × 10²³)

no. of molecules = 1.07 × 6.02 × 10²³

no. of molecules = 6.44 × 10²³

Therefore, there are 6.44 × 10²³ molecules in 24.0 L of oxygen gas at standard temperature and pressure.

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The number of moles of AgCl formed during the reaction is 0.0125 mol.

Given the reaction:2AgNO3(aq) + MgCl2(aq) → 2Ag Cl(s) + Mg (NO3)2(aq)We are supposed to determine the moles of solid AgCl formed when 50.0 ml of 0.250 M AgNO3 reacts with excess MgCl2 and in the previous step, we found that 0.0125 mol of AgNO3 reacts.

We can use the stoichiometry method to find the moles of AgCl formed.

To do so, we will have to balance the given chemical equation and find out the number of moles of AgCl formed from the given reactants.

The balanced chemical equation is:2AgNO3(aq) + MgCl2(aq) → 2Ag Cl(s) + Mg (NO3)2(aq)From the equation, we can say that 2 moles of AgCl form from 2 moles of AgNO3 reacted.

In the previous step, we have found the number of moles of AgNO3 reacted, which is 0.0125 mol.

As per the balanced chemical equation, 2 moles of AgCl form from 2 moles of AgNO3 reacted.

Therefore, the number of moles of AgCl formed = (0.0125 mol AgNO3 reacted × 2 moles AgCl / 2 moles AgNO3) = 0.0125 mol AgCl.

The number of moles of AgCl formed during the reaction is 0.0125 mol.

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Answer:

yes

Explanation:

the answer is yes

The representation that 195 has here is the atomic mass

The number 195 in the isotope notation represents the mass number of the isotope. In this case, the isotope notation is for the element platinum (Pt) with a mass number of 195 and an atomic number of 78 (which is given as a subscript). The mass number is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom of the element. Therefore, the isotope notation for this element indicates that it has 78 protons and 117 neutrons (since 195 - 78 = 117).

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Answer:

2.7 moles of solute per 1000 mL of solution.

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, molarity is defined as the ratio of the moles of the solute to the volume of the solution in litres, thus, for a 2.7-M solution, it is clear that we have 2.7 moles of the solute in 1 L of solution, thus the option having the proper relation is 2.7 moles of solute per 1000 mL of solution as 1 L equals 1000 mL.

Best regards.

Answer:

Snake

Frog

Grasshopper

Monkey

Mushroom

Total, 0.0137 moles of carbon dioxide gas is produced when 2.3 g of sodium bicarbonate decomposes to produce carbon dioxide and sodium hydroxide.

To determine the number of moles of carbon dioxide gas produced, we first need to find the balanced chemical equation for the reaction;

2NaHCO₃ → Na₂CO₃ + CO₂ + H₂O

From this equation, we can see that for every 2 moles of sodium bicarbonate, 1 mole of carbon dioxide is produced.

Next, we need to calculate the number of moles of sodium bicarbonate in 2.3 g using its molar mass;

molar mass of NaHCO₃ = 84.0066 g/mol

moles of NaHCO₃ = mass/molar mass

= 2.3 g / 84.0066 g/mol = 0.0274 mol

Finally, we can use the mole ratio from the balanced equation to find the number of moles of carbon dioxide produced;

moles of CO₂ = (0.0274 mol NaHCO₃) x (1 mol CO₂ / 2 mol NaHCO₃)

= 0.0137 mol CO₂

Therefore, 0.0137 moles of carbon dioxide gas is produced.

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Answer:

Kb\(= 1.58 * 10^{-6}\)

Explanation:

The correct question is

What is Kb for N2H4 if the pH of a 0.158M solution of N2H5Cl is 4.5?

Solution-

N2H4Cl hydrolyses on addition of water

The reaction equation is as follows -

N2H4+ + H2O ----> N2H4 + H3O+

\(Ka = \frac{K_w}{K_b} = \frac{10^{-14}}{K_b}\)

pH \(= 4.5\)

\([H+] = 10^{-pH} = 10^{-4.5}\)

\(K_b= \frac{10^{-14} }{K_b} = \frac{Y_2}{0.158} \\K_b= \frac{(10^{-4.5})^2}{0.158}\\=> Kb = 0.158 * 10-14 /(10-4.5)2\)

 Kb\(= 1.58 * 10^{-6}\)

The lithosphere is where all three forms of rocks form.  A physical change is a reversible change and chemical changes are irreversible. The melting of ice is a physical change and change of matter is chemical.

The lithosphere is the layer of earth where all three types of rocks such as igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary can be found. The physical changes are those that affect physical properties and are reversible like heating and cooling.

While the chemical changes are irreversible. The physical changes lead to the change in form of the substance while chemical change leads to the rearrange of matter.

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Explanation:

Separatory funnels can be used to separate immiscible liquids. Immiscible liquids are those which won't mix to give a single phase. Oil and water are examples of immiscible liquids. This is because water is more dense than oil, and two layers will thus form. A water layer, and above that, an oil layer.

A separatory funnel has two main components:

A separatory funnel is also usually held above a beaker or flask, with a retort stand and ring clamp.

Consider the separation of water and oil.

The solution is poured into the separatory funnel with the stopcock CLOSED. Due to the immiscible nature and density of the two liquids, they will eventually separate and form two layers.

The stopcock is slowly and carefully opened, allowing the bottom layer to flow out. Make sure stopcock is closed JUST before the end of the bottom layer, to ensure there is no contamination of oil with the water in the beaker.

Stopcock is opened again, with a new beaker underneath, to allow the little bit of water and a little bit of oil out, to ensure ONLY oil remains in the separatory funnel. Stopcock is closed after this.

Stopcock is opened again, with a third clean beaker underneath, to allow ALL of the oil to pass through.

Therefore, you have separated water and oil. See the attached image for a diagram of the setup.

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The amount of heat energy produced when 1 g of hydrogen and 2 g of nitrogen are reacted, is -6.61 KJ

First, we shall obtain the limiting reactant. Details below:

3H₂ + N₂ -> 2NH₃

From the balanced equation above,

28 g of N₂ reacted with 6 g of H₂

Therefore,

2 g of N₂ will react with = (2 × 6) / 28 = 0.43 g of H₂

We can see that only 0.43 g of H₂ is needed in the reaction.

Thus, the limiting reactant is N₂

Finally, we the amount of heat energy produced. Details below:

3H₂ + N₂ -> 2NH₃ ΔH = -92.6 KJ

From the balanced equation above,

When 28 grams of N₂ reacted, -92.6 KJ of heat energy were produced.

Therefore,

When 2 grams of N₂ will react to produce = (2 × -92.6) / 28 = -6.61 KJ

Thus the heat energy produced from the reaction is -6.61 KJ

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The order of the surface tension is; Methanol  > Ethanol  > Butanol > Pentanol > Hexanol  > Octanol  > Decanol  > Pentane  > Hexane  > Octane > Decane

We know that the surface tension would have to do with the force that is acting on the surface of a fluid. The surface tension would make the surface of the fluid to act like a stretched elastic spring.

In this case, we know that the magnitude of the intermolecular force that is acting on the object is quite going to determine whether or not the surface tension of the object would be high or low.

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The first step to answer this question is to use the molar mass of HNO3 to convert the given grams of this substance to moles (MM=63.0g/mol):

Now, divide the moles of solute by the kg of solvent to find the molality of the solution:

The molality of the solution is 2m.

Answer:

73.05g

Explanation:

1.25 mol NaCl * \(\frac{58.44g}{1 mol NaCl}\) = 73.05g

58.44g = molar mass of NaCl

The balanced equation for the reaction between sulfur (S₈) and oxygen (O₂) to form sulfur trioxide (SO₃) is 2S₈ + 16O₂ → 16SO₃.

Balancing chemical equations involves the addition of stoichiometric coefficients to the reactants and products.

The balanced equation for the reaction between sulfur (S₈) and oxygen (O₂) to form sulfur trioxide (SO₃) is determined as;

2S₈ + 16O₂ → 16SO₃

From the reactants side we can see that sulfur is 16 and also 16 in the product side. The number of oxygen in the reactant side is 32 and also 32 in the product side.

Thus, the balanced equation for the reaction between sulfur (S₈) and oxygen (O₂) to form sulfur trioxide (SO₃) is 2S₈ + 16O₂ → 16SO₃.

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Ammonia (\(NH_3\)) and ammonium chloride (\(NH_4Cl\)) mixture could be a useful buffer in a solution. Option C

A buffer is a solution that can resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. It consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. The buffer system works by the principle of Le Chatelier's principle, where the equilibrium is shifted to counteract the changes caused by the addition of an acid or a base.

In option A, acetic acid (\(CH_3CO_2H\)) is a weak acid, but hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong acid. This combination does not form a buffer because HCl is completely dissociated in water and cannot provide a significant concentration of its conjugate base.

Option B consists of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which is a strong base, and elemental sodium (Na), which is a metal. This combination does not form a buffer as there is no weak acid-base pair involved.

Option D contains acetic acid (\(CH_3CO_2H\)), a weak acid, and ammonia (\(NH_3\)), a weak base. Although they are weak acid and base, they do not form a buffer system together as they are both weak acids or bases and lack the required conjugate acid-base pair.

Option C, ammonia (\(NH_3\)), is a weak base, and ammonium chloride (\(NH_4Cl\)) is its conjugate acid. This combination can form a buffer system. When ammonia reacts with water, it forms ammonium ions (NH4+) and hydroxide ions (OH-).

The ammonium ions act as the weak acid, while the ammonia acts as the weak base. The addition of a small amount of acid will be counteracted by the ammonium ions, and the addition of a small amount of base will be counteracted by the ammonia, thus maintaining the pH of the solution relatively stable.

Therefore, option C, consisting of ammonia (\(NH_3\)) and ammonium chloride (\(NH_4Cl\)), is the suitable mixture that could be a useful buffer in a solution.

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Answer:

Explanation:

40/ 180.2 x (-16 / 1 mole glucose)=-3.6 KJ

Answer:

it was formed From gas and dust

Explanation:

correct me if I'm wrong

Answer: The volume of 6.8g of Kr gas at STP is 0.00033064 L.

Explanation:

Answer:158.2 J

Explanation: Use your equations and fill in