What are covalent bonds

Answer:

hamburger

yes yes

Explanation:

none lol

Answer:

??????????..........

Answer:

linear

Explanation:

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Explanation:

bent with an H-0-H angle if 104.5°

The penetration of a solution into tissue is most dependent upon its solubility or the ability to dissolve in the tissue.

The ability of a solution to penetrate tissue depends on several factors, but one of the most critical characteristics is its solubility. Solubility refers to the ability of a substance to dissolve in a given solvent, in this case, the tissue. When a solution has high solubility, it can readily mix and dissolve in the tissue, allowing for efficient penetration.

Solubility is influenced by various factors such as the nature of the solute and solvent, temperature, and concentration. A solution with a high solubility in tissue will have a greater affinity for the tissue components and can effectively permeate through the tissue barriers.

In summary, the solubility of a solution plays a crucial role in determining its ability to penetrate tissue. Higher solubility enhances the solution's ability to dissolve in the tissue, facilitating better penetration and distribution of the solution within the tissue.

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pH of the solution is 13.90.

The concentration of hydrogen (H+) ions in a solution, which is a measurement of acidity, is known as the pH of that solution. In pure water, hydrogen and hydroxyl (OH) ions are found in almost equal amounts.

A solution is acidic when there are too many hydrogen ions present, while a solution is basic when there are too few H+ ions or too many hydroxyl ions. The product of the concentrations of H+ and OH is the equilibrium constant for this reaction, Kw, which equals 10^14.

Mass of lithium = 4.8 g

Volume of the solution = 250 mL

[H3O+] = Kw/ [OH-]

Where,

[H3O+] : hydronium ion concentration

[OH-] : hydroxyl ion concentration

Kw : Equilibrium constant

moles of LiOH = 4.8/23.95 = 0.20 moles

strength of LiOH = 4 x 0.20 = 0.80 M

[H3O+] = Kw/ [OH-] = 10^(-14) / 0.80 = 1.25 x 10 ^(-14)

pH = - log [H3O+]

pH = - log ( 1.25 x 10 ^ (-14)) = 13.90

Therefor, pH is 13.90

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At 298 K, the cell potential for the electrochemical cell based on the overall redox reaction between Cu⁺² and Ag, with [Ag+] = 2.56 × 10⁻³ M and [Cu2+] = 8.25 × 10⁻⁴ M, is approximately 0.2937 V.

The Nernst equation allows us to calculate the cell potential under nonstandard conditions, taking into account the concentrations of the species involved.

The Nernst equation is given as:

Ecell = Eºcell - (RT/nF) * ln(Q)

Where:

Ecell is the cell potential under nonstandard conditions,

Eºcell is the standard cell potential,

R is the gas constant (8.314 J/(mol·K)),

T is the temperature in Kelvin,

n is the number of electrons transferred in the balanced equation,

F is the Faraday constant (96,485 C/mol),

Q is the reaction quotient.

The balanced equation tells us that 2 electrons are transferred, so n = 2.

Now, let's calculate the reaction quotient (Q) using the given concentrations of Ag+ and Cu2+ ions:

Q = ([Ag+]²) / ([Cu2+]¹)

Substituting the values:

Q = ([2.56 × 10⁻³]²) / ([8.25 × 10⁻⁴]¹)

Q = 6.5536

Given the standard reduction potentials:

EºCu2+/Cu = 0.342 V

EºAg+/Ag = 0.800 V

Using the Nernst equation:

Ecell = Eºcell - (RT/nF) * ln(Q)

Substituting the values:

Ecell = (0.342 V) - ((8.314 J/(mol·K)) * (298 K) / (2 * 96,485 C/mol)) * ln(6.5536)

Calculating the value inside the parentheses:

Ecell = (0.342 V) - (0.0257 V) * ln(6.5536)

Using the natural logarithm (ln) function:

Ecell ≈ (0.342 V) - (0.0257 V) * 1.877

Ecell ≈ 0.342 V - 0.0483 V

Ecell ≈ 0.2937 V

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Answer:

While positive impacts such as employment and community development projects are important, they do not off-set the potential negatives. We have found mining can negatively affect people by: forcing them from their homes and land. preventing them from accessing clean land and water.

An experiment that could prove all cells come from preexisting cells would involve observing the process of cell division under a microscope.

To prove all cells come from preexisting cells, we can do the following steps. First, obtain a sample of living cells, such as a slice of the onion root tip. Place the sample on a microscope slide and add a stain to make the cells more visible. Next, use a microscope to observe the sample at high magnification. Look for cells that are in the process of dividing, which can be identified by the presence of a structure called the mitotic spindle.
Observe the process of cell division over time, noting how the parent cell divides into two daughter cells. Repeat this process with multiple samples to ensure that the results are consistent.

This experiment demonstrates that all cells come from preexisting cells, as new cells are created through the process of cell division. Without a parent cell, new cells cannot be formed.

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Answer:

A molecule can be defined as the combinations of two or more atoms  are held together by chemical bonds. A molecule is the smallest portion of a substance which showcases all the properties of the substance.

Explanation:

Answer:

The ice shrinks (decreases volume) and becomes more dense. The ice density will increase from . 92g/cm^3 to that of liquid water (1g/cm^3).

Explanation:

The weak acids are HNO₂ and HF. Option D is correct.

HNO₂ (nitrous acid) and HF (hydrofluoric acid) are considered weak acids because they only partially dissociate in water, resulting in a relatively low concentration of H⁺ ions in solution. On the other hand, HNO₃ (nitric acid) and H₂PO₄⁻ (dihydrogen phosphate) are strong acids, which fully dissociate in water, producing a high concentration of H⁺ ions.

On the other hand, HNO₃ (nitric acid) and H₂PO₄⁻ (dihydrogen phosphate) are both strong acids;

HNO₃ is a strong acid that fully dissociates in water, resulting in a high concentration of H⁺ ions.

H₂PO₄⁻ is a weak acid in its conjugate acid form (dihydrogen phosphate), but as H₂PO₄⁻, it acts as a weak base rather than a weak acid.

Hence, D. is the correct option.

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Answer

a c e f

Explanation:

The answer is that they were were not based on evidence and experiment and that made alchemy unscientific in its practices.

Alchemy is an old practice that might be thought of as a forerunner of chemistry.

The term alchemy is derived from the Arabic al-kimiyya, which is derived from Greek. Alchemy's fundamental notions focus around the transformation of one substance into another, often transforming a basic metal like lead or iron into a "noble" metal like silver or gold

The alchemist's main ambitions were to find the Stone of Knowledge, the medium of Eternal Youth and Health, and metal transmutation.

To conclude with we can say Alchemy is based on magic and occultism rather than true investigation and facts. Many of the items in it have been utilised as fundamentals for certain chemistry, although the vast majority of them are wrong and inaccurate.

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According to Avogadro's law equal volume of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal number of molecules. At STP one mole of any gas behaving ideally occupies a volume of 22.414 L.

The volume occupied by one mole of a substance at a given temperature and pressure is defined as the molar volume at that temperature and pressure. The value of molar volume of an ideal gas at STP is important in stoichiometric calculations.

At STP, the number of molecules of a gas is given as:

Number of molecules of a gas (N) = V₀ in L /  22.414 × 6.022 × 10²³

Here  V₀ in L = 16500 = 16.5 L

N =  16.5 / 22.414  × 6.022 × 10²³

N = 4.433 × 10²³

Thus the number of molecules present is 4.432 × 10²³.

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Answer:

Newton's second law

Explanation:

It is mentioning acceleration and mass

Newton's second law's equation = F = m*a

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Distillation is used to separate liquids from nonvolatile solids as in separation of alcoholic Liquors from fermented materials or in the separation of two or more liquids having different boiling points as in the separation of gasoline Carrison and lubricating oil from crude oil

Answer: It is used to separate a solvent from a solute.

Explanation:

164 g of H₃PO₃ (phosphorus acid) would require 3 moles of H₂O for the reaction.

Given information,

Mass of H₃PO₃ = 164g

Moles of H₃PO₃ = 82 g/mol

The balanced chemical equation:

P₂O₃ + 3H₂O → 2H₃PO₃

For every 2 moles of H₃PO₃ produced, 3 moles of H₂O are required.

The number of moles of H₃PO₃:

Moles of H₃PO₃ = mass of H₃PO₃ / molar mass of H₃PO₃

Moles of H₃PO₃ = 164 g / 82 g/mol

Moles of H₃PO₃ = 2 mol

The number of moles of H₂O:

Moles of H₂O = (3/2) × moles of H₃PO₃

Moles of H₂O = (3/2) × 2 mol

Moles of H₂O = 3 mol

Therefore, 164 g of H₃PO₃ would require 3 moles of H₂O for the reaction.

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Answer:

stay the same.

Explanation:  Period 3 consists of the full 1s, 2s, and 2p electron orbitals, plus the 3s and 3p valence orbitals, which are filled with a total of 8 more electrons as we move from left (Na) to the far right (Ar):

Na:  1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1

Ar:    s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6

As we move from left to right, and ignoring the already-filled 1s, 2s, and 2p orbitals, the period three starting and ending elements have the following:

Na: 3s1

Ar: 3s2, 3p6

All the new electrons electrons filled the third energy level (3s and 3p).  So the energy level does not change, just the orbitals.

The entropy change of the system when 7.45 mol of HI(l) freezes is 12.92 J/K. If the melting point of HI is -50.91 oC, and it has Δ H fus = 2.871 kJ/mol.

The entropy change of the system can be determined using the formula:

ΔS = ΔH_fus / T_fus

where ΔH_fus is the enthalpy of fusion and T_fus is the melting point in Kelvin.

First, we need to convert the melting point from Celsius to Kelvin:

T_fus = -50.91 + 273.15 = 222.24 K

Next, we can calculate the entropy temperature change:

ΔS = 2.871 kJ/mol / 222.24 K = 12.92 J/K

Therefore, the entropy change of the system when 7.45 mol of HI(l) freezes is 12.92 J/K.

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Answer:

C

Explanation:

It is c because that goes into heating and cooling and if nobody is home you should definetly turn off heating and cooling. This should be the correct answer.

The ionic compound expected to have the highest lattice energy is In₂O₃ (Option C).

The lattice energy of an ionic compound is directly proportional to the charges of its constituent ions and inversely proportional to the distance between them. Therefore, the ionic compound with the highest charges and smallest distance between ions would be expected to have the highest lattice energy.

a) Rb₂O: This compound contains Rb⁺ and O₂⁻ ions. Rb has a charge of +1 and O has a charge of -2. The distance between these ions is the sum of their ionic radii, which is relatively large since both ions are relatively large. Therefore, the lattice energy of Rb₂O would be expected to be relatively low.

b) SrO: This compound contains Sr₂⁺ and O₂⁻ ions. Sr has a charge of +2 and O has a charge of -2. The distance between these ions is the sum of their ionic radii, which is smaller than in Rb₂O since Sr₂⁺ is smaller than Rb⁺. Therefore, the lattice energy of SrO would be expected to be higher than that of Rb₂O.

c) In₂O₃: This compound contains In₃⁺ and O₂⁻ ions. In has a charge of +3 and O has a charge of -2. The distance between these ions is smaller than in SrO since In₃⁺ is smaller than Sr₂⁺. Therefore, the lattice energy of In₂O₃ would be expected to be higher than that of SrO.

d) CO₂: This is not an ionic compound, but a covalent compound. It does not have ions, so it does not have a lattice energy.

Therefore, the highest lattice energy is In₂O₃ (Option C).

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The decomposition of wastewater can lead to the following:

II. Eutrophication and algal blooms.

III. The development of dead zones.

A wastewater can be defined as a body of water that has been contaminated due to human use in homes, offices, schools, businesses etc.

Ideally, wastewater should be disposed in accordance with the local regulations and standards because they typically are unhygienic for human consumption or use. Thus, floor drain are used in the kitchen, bathroom and toilet to remove wastewater, so as to mitigate stagnation and to improve hygiene.

Generally, the decomposition of wastewater can lead to the following:

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The sample of CuSO4 nH2O hydrate weighs 196.1 g. CuSO4 in its anhydrous state weighs 160.1 g. CuSO4. 2H2O is the hydrate's chemical formula.

The formula for the inorganic substance copper(II) sulphate, generally known as copper sulphate, is CuSO4. CuSO4-nH2O hydrates are produced, where n can range from 1 to 7. The pentahydrate (n = 5), a bright blue crystal, is the most common form of copper(II) sulphate hydrate.

Mass of hydrate sample = Mass of covered crucible and hydrate sample - Mass of covered empty crucible

Mass of hydrate sample = 221.6 g - 25.5 g

Mass of hydrate sample = 196.1 g

Mass of anhydrous CuSO4 = Mass of covered crucible and hydrate sample after heating - Mass of covered empty crucible

Mass of anhydrous CuSO4 = 185.6 g - 25.5 g

Mass of anhydrous CuSO4 = 160.1 g

Mass of water = Mass of hydrate sample - Mass of anhydrous CuSO4

Mass of water = 196.1 g - 160.1 g

Mass of water = 36 g

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The molarity of the partially evaporated solution is 0.75 M.

A chemist accidentally leaves an open beaker containing 300.0 mL of a 0.125 M NaCl(aq) solution on a lab bench. They return a few weeks later to find that the volume of the solution has decreased to 50.0 mL. What is the molarity of this partially evaporated solution, assuming the solute does not evaporate?

To solve this problem, we will follow these steps:

1. Calculate the moles of solute (NaCl) in the initial solution
2. Assume the moles of solute remain constant after evaporation
3. Calculate the molarity of the partially evaporated solution

Step 1: Calculate the moles of solute in the initial solution
moles of solute = Molarity × Volume
moles of NaCl = 0.125 M × 300.0 mL = 0.125 M × (300.0 mL ÷ 1000 mL/L) = 0.0375 moles

Step 2: Assume the moles of solute remain constant after evaporation
As stated in the question, the solute (NaCl) does not evaporate. Therefore, the moles of NaCl remain the same at 0.0375 moles.

Step 3: Calculate the molarity of the partially evaporated solution
Molarity = moles of solute ÷ Volume
Molarity of NaCl = 0.0375 moles ÷ (50.0 mL ÷ 1000 mL/L) = 0.0375 moles ÷ 0.050 L = 0.75 M

So, the molarity of the partially evaporated solution is 0.75 M.

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Answer:

The Milky Way

Explanation:

Answer:

The Milky Way

Explanation:

Option 3 accurately represents the essence of an ethogram as an inventory of species-specific behaviors.

An ethogram can be best described as an inventory of the behavior of a particular species. It is a systematic catalog or list of behaviors exhibited by a specific animal species.

An ethogram provides a comprehensive overview of the behaviors displayed by the animals under study, documenting various activities, actions, and patterns of behavior.

While options 1 and 2 are related to visual representations or descriptions of behavior, they do not capture the comprehensive nature of an ethogram. Option 4 refers specifically to behaviors observed in response to an experimental intervention, which is more narrow in scope compared to an ethogram. Therefore, option 3 accurately represents the essence of an ethogram as an inventory of species-specific behaviors.

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Answer:

B.18 protons 22 neutrons 18 electrons

Explanation:

Neutral atom of Argon;

     Atomic mass  = 40amu

     Atomic number   = 18

Let us find the number of the subatomic particles;

 Protons are the positively charged particles in an atom

 Electrons are the negatively charged particles

 Neutrons do not carry any charges.

Now;

  Atomic mass  = number of protons + number of neutrons

   Atomic number  = number of protons

number of protons  = 18

In a neutral atom, number of protons equals number of electrons

  number of electrons  = 18

Number of neutrons  = atomic mass - atomic number

Number of neutrons  = 40 - 18  = 22

18 protons, 18 electrons and 22 neutrons

KE: The kinetic energy (KE) of the bowling ball is 0 J since it is not moving.

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. It is the energy an object possesses due to its motion. Kinetic energy can be found in many forms, such as the energy of a moving car, a roller coaster car, a spinning bicycle wheel, or sound waves traveling through the air. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion and can be transferred from one object to another.

GPE: The gravitational potential energy (GPE) of the bowling ball can be found by using the formula GPE = mgh, where m is the mass of the ball, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height of the building. In this case, m = 6 kg, g = 9.8 m/s2, and h = 120 m. Thus, GPE = 6 x 9.8 x 120 = 7,128 J.
KE: The kinetic energy (KE) of the bowling ball is 0 J since it is not moving.

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