Watching the World Series (only as an example of physics in action), you wonder about the ability of the catcher to throw out a base runner trying to steal second. Suppose a catcher is crouched down behind the plate when he observes the runner breaking for second. After he gets the ball from the pitcher, he throws as hard as necessary to second base without standing up. If the catcher throws the ball at an angle of 30 degrees from the horizontal so that it is caught at second base at about the same height as that catcher threw it, how much time does it take for the ball to travel the 120 feet from the catcher to second base

Answer:

v = 6.28 m/s

Explanation:

It is given that,

A windmill on a farm rotates at a constant speed and completes one-half of a rotation in 0.5 seconds,

Number of revolution is half. It means angular velocity is 3.14 radians.

Let v is the angular speed. So,

\(v=\dfrac{\omega}{t}\\\\v=\dfrac{3.14}{0.5}\\\\v=6.28\ m/s\)

So, the rotation speed is 6.28 m/s.

The angular velocity is the rotation speed, which is the angle of rotation

of the windmill per second, which is 2·π radians.

Response:

The given parameter are;

The angle of rotation the windmill rotates in 0.5 seconds = One-half a

rotation.

Required:

The rotational speed (angular velocity)

Solution:

The angle of one rotation = 2·π radians

Angle of one-half ration = \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 2·π radians = π radians

\(Rotational \ speed = \mathbf{\dfrac{Angle \ of \ rotation}{Time}}\)

Which gives;

\(Rotational \ speed, \omega = \dfrac{\pi}{0.5 \ s} = \mathbf{2 \cdot \pi \ rad/s}\)

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A controlled procedure that tests the effect of one variable on another is known as experiment.

An experiment is a set of actions and observations, performed in the context of solving a particular problem or question, to support or falsify a hypothesis or research concerning phenomena.

An experiment generally tests how one variable is affected by another.

Thus, a controlled procedure that tests the effect of one variable on another is known as experiment.

The correct answer is option B. "experiment"

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Answer:

The experiment.

Answer:

er so ue 0.984 kg study your self brhh

If a type ii cepheid has an apparent magnitude of 12 and a pulsation period of 3 days. the  approximate distance to this cepheid variable star is 0.14 parsecs.

To determine the distance to a Cepheid variable star, you can use the period-luminosity relationship, which states that the intrinsic brightness (luminosity) of a Cepheid is directly proportional to the length of its pulsation period. In other words, the longer the period, the brighter the Cepheid.

To use this relationship to determine the distance to a Cepheid, you need to know its apparent magnitude (how bright it appears from Earth) and its pulsation period. You also need a reference value for the luminosity of a Cepheid with a known period, which can be obtained from observations of nearby Cepheid variables.

Using these values, you can calculate the distance to the Cepheid using the following formula:

distance = 10 ^ ((reference luminosity - apparent magnitude + 5) / 5)

Plugging in the values you provided, we get:

Distance = 10 ^ ((-2.5 - 12 + 5) / 5)

= 10 ^ (-9.5 / 5)

= 10 ^ (-1.9)

= 0.14 parsecs

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Answer:

Explanation:

The acceleration of an object given it's mass and the force acting on it can be found by using the formula

\(a = \frac{f}{m} \\ \)

f is the force

m is the mass

From the question we have

\(a = \frac{11 \times {10}^{3} }{1200} \\ = 9.16666...\)

We have the final answer as

Hope this helps you

The picture shown in the figure represents the Milky Way Galaxy. The Galaxy in which the entire solar system is present.

The million and trillion of stars in the universe form Galaxy. The galaxy in which the entire solar system is present is called Milky Way Galaxy. The Milky Way Galaxy is spiral in shape. This Galaxy has four major arms. The major arms have both old and young stars and the minor arms have the gas and star formation activity. This galaxy also has a black hole at its center. Galileo Galilei was the first to see the Galaxy.

The Milky Way Galaxy is made up of a dense cloud of gas that stretches across the sky as seen from the Earth. The age of the Milky Way Galaxy is 13.61 billion years ago and the Andromeda Galaxy is the nearest galaxy to the Milky Way Galaxy.

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The ions are;

S^2- Gained 2 electrons

Li^+ - Lost one electron

Al^3+ - Lost 3 electrons

Cl^- gained one electron

Sr^2+ Lost two electrons

P^3- gained 3 electrons

As an atom or molecule acquires or loses one or more electrons, ions are created. Protons and neutrons make up the positively charged nucleus of an atom, which is encircled by negatively charged electrons. An atom typically has a neutral charge because the amount of electrons and protons in it equals one.

The balance between the negatively charged electrons and positively charged protons is upset when an atom receives or loses an electron, creating an ion with a positive or negative charge.

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The magnitude of the resultant vector to round the answer to the nearest tenth, we look at the digit in the hundredth's place. If this digit is 5 or greater, we round up. If it is less than 5, we round down.

In the study of physics, we use vectors to represent quantities that have both direction and magnitude. It is often the case that we want to add two or more vectors together to obtain a single vector that represents the net result of these additions. The process of adding two or more vectors together is known as vector addition.The magnitude of the resultant vector is the length of the line that represents it on a scale drawing.

When we add two or more vectors together, the resultant vector is the vector that represents the net result of these additions. To find the magnitude of the resultant vector, we use the Pythagorean theorem, which states that the square of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.

In the case of vector addition, the hypotenuse is the resultant vector, and the other two sides are the component vectors. If we have two vectors a and b, the magnitude of the resultant vector is given by the following equation:|R| = √(ax2 + bx2)where R is the resultant vector, a and b are the component vectors, and x is the angle between the vectors.

For example, if the answer is 12.345, we would round it to 12.3.

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Because the elevator is going downwards we will use the next formula

Where W is the weight, T is the tension, m is the mass and a the acceleration.

We can calculate the weight using the next formula

where g is the gravity.

We substitute the formula on the first formula and we get

We isolate T

We have the next data

m=60 kg

g=9.8 m/s^2

a=2.5m/s^2

We substitute

Then we divide between the gravity

The forces F3 and F6 form a couple since they are parallel, act in the same directions, and have the same magnitude (both are 3N), but they do not have the same point of application.

A couple is a pair of equal but disjointed forces that act in opposite directions and along parallel lines of force.

The rigid body rotates about its center of mass as a result of the forces acting on it at various places.

We can observe that the forces F3 and F6 in the provided set of forces are parallel, have the same magnitude of 3N, and act in opposite directions.

However, because they are applied to various locations on the rigid body, the body will rotate as a result. The stiff body tends to rotate around its center of mass because of this phenomenon, which is known as a couple.

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The correct answer is C. The level of competition is not very high in most Masters  programs.

Explanation:

In sports, the word "master" is used to define athletes older than 30 and that usually are professional or have trained for many years, although novates are also allowed. This means in most cases in Master programs and teams a high level of competition can be expected due to the experience and extensive training of Master athletes. Indeed, many records in the field of sport belong to Master athletes rather than younger athletes. According to this, the incorrect statement is "The level of competition is not very high in most Masters  programs".

a) It is the error present in the measuring instrument that causes it to register a value even when there is no input or output being measured.

b) An example of when you would have to allow for zero error is when using a measuring instrument like a vernier caliper or micrometer screw gauge.

a) Zero error refers to the deviation or discrepancy in the measurement instrument, where the indication or reading on the instrument is not zero when the quantity being measured is zero. In other words, it is the error present in the measuring instrument that causes it to register a value even when there is no input or output being measured.

Zero error can occur due to various reasons such as manufacturing defects, wear and tear, misalignment, or improper calibration of the instrument. It can be positive or negative, depending on whether the instrument reads higher or lower than the actual value.

b) An example of when you would have to allow for zero error is when using a measuring instrument like a vernier caliper or micrometer screw gauge. These instruments are commonly used to measure the dimensions of objects with high precision.

In a vernier caliper, for instance, zero error can occur when the jaws do not close perfectly when there is no object being measured. If the caliper shows a reading other than zero when the jaws are closed, it indicates the presence of zero error.

To obtain accurate measurements, the zero error needs to be accounted for and compensated. This can be done by adjusting the position of the zero on the scale or by subtracting the zero error value from the measured readings.

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The density of water is approximately 1 g/cm^3. Therefore, the volume of 2800 g of water would be 2800 cm^3 because density is mass/volume, and so volume is mass/density.

Since this volume is inside a cubic box, the length of each side of the cube (a, for instance) could be found by taking the cubic root of the volume. This is because the volume of a cube is calculated by a^3 (length of one side cubed). Hence, a = cube root of 2800 cm^3 ≈ 14.1 cm.

Converting centimeters to meters (as 1 meter is equal to 100 centimeters), we get approximately 0.141 meters.

So the filled cubic box has a side length of approximately 0.141 m.

Using Ohm's Law we can answer this question. Ohm's law is written as ΔV=IR where "ΔV" represents the potential difference or voltage, "I" represents the current, and "R" represents the resistance.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

To solve, simply solve ΔV=IR for I and plug in the know values (ΔV=120 V and R=10.2 Ω)

ΔV=IR => I=ΔV/R => I=120/10.2 => I≈11.76 A

Solution: I≈11.76 A

Answer:

45,000

Explanation:

Kg=1000

Therefore 45kg=45,000

Answer:

441 N

Explanation:

Edge 2021

Explanation:

Since the atomic number is 77, this means that the element is iridium (Ir). The nucleide notation of this element is

\(^{194}_{\:\:77}\text{Ir}\)

Answer:

 m₂ = 4 kg

Explanation:

The moment of inertia is defined by

         I = ∫ r² dm

for bodies with high symmetry it is tabulated, for a spherical shell

        I = 2/3 m r²

in this case the first sphere has a radius of r₁ = 2m and a mass of m₁ = 1 kg, the second sphere has a radius r₂ = 1m.

They ask what is the masses of the second spherical shell so that the moment of inertia of the two is the same.

        I₁ = ⅔ m₁ r₁²

        I₂ = ⅔ m₂ r₂²

They ask that the two moments have been equal

        I₁ = I₂

        ⅔ m₁ r₁² = ⅔ m₂ r₂²

         m₂ = (r₁ / r₂) ² m₁

let's calculate

         m₂ = (2/1) ² 1

         m₂ = 4 kg

The law of conservation of mass as it states shows that mass is conserved at the end of chemical reaction because it changes from one state to another.

Mass is defined as the fundamental property of matter which can be measured in Kilograms (kg).

To explain how mass is being conserved, water cycle is used as an example.

The water cycle follows the conservation of mass because just like matter, it changes its state but not destroyed.

It can be observed that water can change its state from solid, liquid or gas in various phase transitions. These include the following:

Sublimation: Water changes from solid to gas

Deposition: Water changes from gas to solid.

Condensation: Here, water chanhes from Gas

to liquid.

Evaporation: Here, water changes from Liquid to gas.

Melting: Here, water changes from Solid to liquid.

Freezing: Here, water changes from liquid to solid.

Therefore, the water cycle follows the conservation of mass because just like matter, it changes its state but not destroyed.

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Answer:

The law of conservation of mass as it states shows that mass is conserved at the end of chemical reaction because it changes from one state to another.

Explanation:

The final velocity of the two balls after collision is 1.7 m/s and the direction is 45⁰.

The given parameters;

   mass of the first clay ball, m₁ = 20 g = 0.02 kg

   initial velocity of the first clay ball, u₁ = 3 m/s

   mass of the second clay ball, m₂ = 30 g = 0.03 kg

   initial velocity of the second ball, u₂ = 2 m/s

The initial momentum of the fist ball is calculated as follows;

                               P₁ = m₁u₁

                                  P₁ = (0.02)(3)

                                 P₁ = 0.06 kg.m/s

The initial momentum of the second ball is calculated as follows

                                      P₂ = m₂u₂

                                        P₂ = (0.03)(2)

                                         P₂ = 0.06 kg.m/s

The resultant initial momentum of the two balls is calculated as follows;

Apply the principle of conservation of momentum, to determine the final velocity of the two balls;

The direction of the two ball's velocity is calculated as follows;

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The magnitude of the tangential acceleration of the hanging mass is 2mg/MR

The tangential acceleration of the hanging mass around the pulley is determined from the principle of conservation of angular momentum as shown below;

τ = Iα

Where;

\(\alpha = \frac{\tau}{I} \\\\\alpha = \frac{mgR}{3/2MR^2} \\\\\alpha = \frac{2mgR}{3MR^2} \\\\\alpha = \frac{2mg}{3MR}\)

Where;

The tangential acceleration is calculated as follows;

\(a = \alpha R\\\\a = \frac{2mg}{3MR} \times R\\\\a = \frac{2mg}{3M}\)

Thus, the magnitude of the tangential acceleration of the hanging mass is 2mg/MR

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Answer:

22.4 s

Explanation:

The following data were obtained from the question:

Mass (m) = 75 Kg

Height (h) = 50 ft

Power (P) = 500 W

Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 9.8 m/s²

Time (t) =?

Next, we shall convert 50 ft to metres (m). This can be obtained as follow:

1 ft = 0.3048 m

Therefore,

50 ft = 50 ft × 0.3048 m / 1 ft

50 ft = 15.24 m

Thus, 50 ft is equivalent 15.24 m.

Next, we shall determine the energy used by the student to walk up three flights of stairs. This can be obtained as follow:

Mass (m) = 75 Kg

Height (h) = 15.24 m

Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 9.8 m/s²

Energy (E) =?

E = mgh

E = 75 × 9.8 × 15.24

E = 11201.4 J

Finally, we shall determine the time taken for the student to travel up the three flights of stairs. This can be obtained as follow:

Power (P) = 500 W

Energy (E) = 11201.4 J

Time (t)

Power (P) = Energy (E) / Time (t)

500 = 11201.4 /t

Cross multiply

500 × t = 11201.4

Divide both side by 500

t = 11201.4 /500

t = 22.4 s

Therefore, it will take the student 22.4 s to travel up the three flights of stairs.

The time taken for the student to travel up the three stairs is 22.4 s.

The given parameters;

The gravitational potential energy of the student due to vertical position of the three stairs is calculated as;

\(P.E = mgh\\\\P.E = 75 \times 9.8 \times 15.24 \\\\P.E =11,201.4 \ J\)

The time taken for the student to travel up the three stairs is calculated as follows;

\(E = Pt\\\\t = \frac{E}{P} \\\\t = \frac{11,201.4}{500} \\\\t = 22.4 \ s\)

Thus, the time taken for the student to travel up the three stairs is 22.4 s.

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Answer:

Thermal expansion causes the bar to expand in length (also, thermal contraction causes the bar to shrink). Having the meter measured in this way allows for consistency and can be easily converted.

Explanation:

Answer:

For most people with Alzheimer's — those who have the late-onset variety — symptoms first appear in their mid-60s or later. When the disease develops before age 65, it's considered early-onset Alzheimer's, which can begin as early as a person's 30s, although this is rare.

Galileo challenged the Aristotelian-Ptolemaic model, providing support for the heliocentric model and paving the way for a new understanding of the universe.

Galileo Galilei played a crucial role in challenging the prevailing geocentric model of the universe proposed by Aristotle and supported by Ptolemy. He provided several lines of evidence that effectively disproved their theories and supported the heliocentric model proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus. Some of the key evidence used by Galileo includes:

1. Observations through a telescope: Galileo was one of the first astronomers to use a telescope to observe the heavens. His telescopic observations revealed several important discoveries that contradicted the Aristotelian-Ptolemaic worldview. He observed the phases of Venus, which demonstrated that Venus orbits the Sun and not Earth. He also observed the four largest moons of Jupiter, now known as the Galilean moons, which provided evidence for celestial bodies orbiting a planet other than Earth.

2. Sunspots: Galileo's observations of sunspots provided evidence that the Sun is not a perfect celestial body, as suggested by Aristotle. Sunspots indicated that the Sun has imperfections and undergoes changes, challenging the notion of celestial perfection.

3. Mountains on the Moon: Galileo observed the rugged and uneven surface of the Moon, which contradicted Aristotle's belief in celestial spheres made of perfect, unchanging material. The presence of mountains on the Moon suggested that celestial bodies are subject to the same physical laws as Earth.

4. Phases of Venus: Galileo's observations of the phases of Venus provided direct evidence for the heliocentric model. As Venus orbits the Sun, it goes through phases similar to the Moon, ranging from crescent to full. This observation strongly supported the idea that Venus revolves around the Sun.

These lines of evidence presented by Galileo challenged the Aristotelian-Ptolemaic model, providing support for the heliocentric model and paving the way for a new understanding of the universe. His work marked a significant turning point in the history of science and laid the foundation for modern astronomy.

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The kinetic energy of particle B at the instant when the particles are 3.0 m apart is 4.32 J.

The total energy of the system is conserved. The initial energy of the system is the electrostatic potential energy, which is given by:

U = k × (Q₁ × Q₂) / r

where:

U = potential energy in joules

k = Coulomb's constant (8.988 x 10⁹ N m²/C²)

Q₁ and Q₂ = charges in coulombs

r = distance between the charges in meters

In this case:

U = 8.988 x 10⁹ N m²/C² × (12 C × 5 Q) / (1.0 m) = 5.375 x 10⁻⁷ J

The final energy of the system is the kinetic energy of particle B. The kinetic energy is given by:

KE = 1/2 × m × v²

where:

KE = kinetic energy in joules

m = mass in kilograms

v = velocity in meters per second

Solve for the velocity of particle B using the conservation of energy equation:

KE = U

Substituting the expressions for KE and U gives:

1/2 × m × v² = 5.375 x 10⁻⁷ J

Solving for v gives:

v = √(2 × 5.375 x 10⁻⁷ J / m)

= 1.53 m/s

The kinetic energy of particle B is then:

KE = 1/2 × m × v²

= 1/2 × m × (1.53 m/s)²

= 4.32 J

Therefore, the kinetic energy of particle B at the instant when the particles are 3.0 m apart is 4.32 J.

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so we will use Newton's gravitational law :

gravitational acceleration = G*m/r^2  

G is the gravitational constant = G = 6.673×10^-11 N m^2 kg^-2  

after substitution :  

6.673×10^-11 * m / (1.15 x 10^6)^2 = 0.61

= 5.04575*10^-23 * m = 0.61

dividing over 5.04575*10^-23 :

m = 1.20894*10^22 kg

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1)a) Pressure is the force exerted per unit area, measured in units such as pascals (Pa) or pounds per square inch (psi).

b) The value of standard atmospheric pressure is approximately 101.3 kilopascals (kPa) or 1 atmosphere (atm).

c) One application of liquid pressure in our daily life is in hydraulic systems, like car brakes, where liquid pressure is used to transmit force and amplify it.

d) The instruments used to measure the pressure of compressed air include pressure gauges or manometers.

e) An instrument called a barometer is used to measure atmospheric pressure.

f) The unit of compressed air is typically measured in pounds per square inch (psi) or pascals (Pa).

g) Standard atmospheric pressure is the pressure exerted by the Earth's atmosphere at sea level. It is approximately equal to 1 atm or 101.3 kPa.

h) The property of liquid that is applicable in water supply systems in cities is its ability to flow and exert pressure, allowing water to be distributed through pipes and reach different levels in buildings.

i) The property of liquid that supports its use in hydraulic machines is its incompressibility, allowing it to transmit force and energy effectively.

2) a)Atmospheric pressure is the force exerted by the weight of the Earth's atmosphere on a surface.

b) The equation P = dgh. This equation can be derived by considering the weight of the fluid column and the force it exerts on a unit area at the base.

c) A mercury barometer consists of a glass tube filled with mercury, inverted into a dish of mercury. The mercury in the tube adjusts its height based on the atmospheric pressure.

d) The importance of atmospheric pressure can be seen in its role in weather patterns, maintaining the balance of gases in the atmosphere, and facilitating breathing for humans and animals.

e) Applications of liquid pressure include hydraulic systems in machinery, such as lifts and cranes, hydraulic brakes in vehicles, and water towers for maintaining water pressure in buildings.

f) Events in daily life directly related to pressure include inflating a balloon, using a bicycle pump to inflate tires, and squeezing toothpaste out of a tube.

1)a) Pressure is defined as the force per unit area. Its unit in the S.I system is newtons per square meter (N/m²) or Pascal (Pa).

b) The value of standard atmospheric pressure at sea level is 101.3 kPa (kilopascals) or 1 atm (atmosphere). c) Liquid pressure has numerous applications in our daily life, but one of the most common ones is the hydraulic braking system used in cars.

d) An instrument used to measure the pressure of compressed air is called a pressure gauge. e) An instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure is called a barometer.

f) The unit of compressed air is generally psi (pounds per square inch).

g) Standard atmospheric pressure is the pressure exerted by the atmosphere at sea level and is equal to 101.3 kPa or 1 atm.

h) The property of liquids that is applicable in water supply systems in cities is their incompressibility. i) The property of liquids that supports their use in hydraulic machines is their incompressibility.

2)a) Atmospheric pressure is defined as the force per unit area exerted by the weight of the atmosphere on the surface. It is proven with the help of the following activity: Take a glass full of water and place a cardboard over it. Hold the cardboard tight and invert the glass. The water will not spill out of the glass, which is because the atmospheric pressure is greater on the cardboard than the pressure inside the glass.

b) The pressure exerted by a fluid can be derived using P = dgh, where P is the pressure, d is the density, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height of the fluid column.

c) A mercury barometer is made up of a glass tube that is closed at one end and filled with mercury. The tube is inverted and placed in a container of mercury. The pressure of the atmosphere on the open surface of the container forces the mercury in the tube to rise to a height that is proportional to the atmospheric pressure.

d) The importance of atmospheric pressure can be explained by the following points: it enables breathing, regulates the weather, and causes the ocean tides.

e) Some applications of liquid pressure include hydraulic brakes in cars, hydraulic lifts, and hydraulic jacks.

f) Some events that are directly related to pressure include gas escaping from a pressurized container, balloons being inflated, and soda cans being opened.

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Answer:

natural convection

............