Answers
Answer:
Water, organic molecules, and inorganic ions are the constituents of cells. Water constitutes the greatest fraction of the three, accounting for almost three-quarters of the total mass of a cell. The interactions between the various components of a cell and its water content is key to biological chemistry.
Sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphate, and chloride, are among the chief inorganic ions of a cell, and represent not more than 1% of the cell mass. But the organic molecules are the really novel components of a cell. Most such organic compounds belong to one of the following molecule classes:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Proteins
Within individual cells, there exist thousands of different types of macromolecules, or organic compounds. These will be different, even among the cells of the same person. The variations are more extensive among different people. Macromolecules - proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides - are formed by the polymerization of hundreds of their low-molecular-weight precursors - amino acids, nucleotides, and simple sugars.
The diversity among macromolecules evolves from the vast potential to form different combinations of the 50 or so common monomers which make up a macromolecule. These macromolecules may constitute up to 90% of a cell’s dry weight. It is possible to comprehend the basic chemistry of a cell’s makeup by understanding the functions and structures of the four major types of organic compounds, or macromolecules.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the basic building materials and nutrients of the body. Simple sugars and polysaccharides compose this group. Glucose is an example of a simple sugar that is an important cellular nutrient. Decomposition of the simple sugars by chemical reaction generates cellular energy as well as initiating the synthesis of other constituents of a cell. The polysaccharides, or complex carbohydrates, represent the form that sugar takes when it is stored. Polysaccharides are the structural components of a cell. Moreover, polysaccharides and other sugars may function as markers for certain cellular recognition processes, including the intracellular movement of proteins.
Lipids
Lipids are hydrophobic molecules. They are a highly efficient form of energy storage, and are major constituents of the cell membrane. They are important in cell signaling, function as the starting point for various biosynthetic processes such as the synthesis of estrogen and testosterone. Some lipids are able to convey signals from cell surface receptors to targets in the same or other cells. Phospholipids contain two fatty acids joined to a polar head group. Besides the phospholipids, cells have glycolipids and cholesterol.
Nucleic acids
Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary data. DNA and RNA represent the informational molecules of a cell. DNA plays a crucial role as the genetic material of humans and many other species. RNA takes part in various cellular activities. Messenger RNA (mRNA) transports information from DNA to the ribosomes, where they are involved in synthesizing proteins. In addition, ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA are involved in protein synthesis. Other RNA molecules process and move both proteins and RNA. RNA can also catalyze chemical reactions, such as those involving the synthesis of proteins and the processing of RNA.
Proteins
Proteins play an important role in most of the tasks that an organism performs. Proteins carry out the work of a cell, directed by the genetic information carried by the nucleic acids. A cell holds many thousands of proteins, which function as a cell’s structural elements, storing and transporting small molecules, transmitting data among cells, and defending the body against the onset of infections. But proteins also function as enzymes that accelerate most chemical reactions. In this manner, proteins guide most cellular activities.
Explanation:
Related Questions
The structure in the cell/plasma membrane that handles Facilitated Diffusion and Active Transport is built of amino acids in the Ribosomes. What is this
Macromolecule?
Nucleic Acid
Lipid
Protein
Carbohydrate
Answers
Proteins are synthesized by amino acids and involves the process of transcription and translation that has a process in the ribosomes as well.
Hope that helps :)!
a polymerase switch occurs when the complex of primase with dna polymerase____ is exchanged for dna polymerase ___on the leading strand and dna polymerase___ on the lagging strand.
Answers
A polymerase switch occurs when the complex of primase with DNA polymerase alpha is exchanged for DNA polymerase delta on the leading strand and DNA polymerase epsilon on the lagging strand.
What is DNA?Deoxyribonucleic acid also known as DNA is a polymer made of two polynucleotide chains that form a double helix around one another. All known living things, including many viruses, have genetic material in their polymers that direct how they should function, grow, and reproduce. Nucleic acids include ribonucleic acid and DNA.
It is a complex molecule that holds all the data required to create and maintain an organism.
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How would you explain the key concepts for the CWA in less than two minutes?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
vPoint Source - a source of water discharged to surface water through a discrete point - generally through a pipe, ditch, or channel.
Nonpoint Source - Nonpoint sources, such as parking lots or athletic fields, discharge runoff water to groundwater or surface water; runoff does not come from a pipe, ditch, or channel. These sources may contain pollutants such as pesticides, motor oil, and soaps.
Navigable Waters of the United States For the purposes of the Clean Water Act, the term "navigable waters" includes:
all waters used in commerce, including groundwater;
all interstate waters including wetlands, mudflats, and sand-flats; and
all other waters such as lakes, rivers, streams, wetlands and sloughs.
EPA policy states, "The majority of facilities in the U.S. have the potential to discharge to navigable waters." The Supreme Court decision in (2006) requires the Army Corps of Engineers and the EPA to determine whether there is a "significant nexus" between a navigable waterway and an area a spill might affect. In June of 2007, EPA and the Army Corps of Engineers released provisional interpretive guidance regarding the "significant nexus” question. According to this guidance, the agencies will assert jurisdiction over traditional navigable waters, wetlands adjacent thereto, and relatively permanent tributaries thereof. The agencies will generally not assert jurisdiction over swales and ditches that lack routine water flow. Finally, the agencies will apply the "significant nexus" requirement and make a case-by-case, fact-specific analysis on impermanent tributaries and other wetlands.
Additional executive orders were issued 2015 in 2019. Under the 2019 proposal, traditional navigable waters, tributaries to those waters, certain ditches, certain lakes and ponds, impoundments of jurisdictional waters, and wetlands adjacent to jurisdictional waters would be federally regulated. It also details what are not "waters of the United States," such as features that only contain water during or in response to rainfall (e.g., ephemeral features); groundwater; many ditches, including most roadside or farm ditches; prior converted cropland; stormwater control features; and waste treatment systems.
Could the requirement for one or more NPDES Discharge Permit apply to my campus?
If your campus discharges pollutants directly to navigable waters of the United States through a point source, you must obtain an NPDES permit or redirect the flow of the waste.
Stormwater releases from certain activities require an NPDES permit. The most common activities on college campuses requiring NPDES permits for stormwater are construction activities disturbing more than 1 acre, hazardous waste storage areas operating under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act permit system, steam-generating power plants, and airports. See Stormwater section below.
Regulations issued by local water authorities, or Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs), not NPDES permits, govern discharges into sanitary sewer systems. See Sewer Use (POTW) section below for more information about requirements for using POTWs for commercial or industrial waste disposal.
What do I have to do related to NPDES Discharge Permits?
Determine where wastewater flows from buildings and processes on your campus. Any industrial or commercial operation (e.g., ice rink melt pits, floor drains, and vehicle wash stations) that discharge into a water of the United States may require an NPDES permit. If required, you must obtain such a permit from the appropriate regulatory agency, probably your state environmental agency.
French drains, dry wells, and septic system leach fields are different from point source discharges because they do not immediately affect surface water. Some state and federal environmental agencies manage these systems under the Underground Injection Control program, part of the Safe Drinking Water Act. See Safe Drinking Water Act for more information.
Details of NPDES
what is the balance between caring for animals and using them for medical research?
Answers
Health care that relies choices about patient care on the most recent and trustworthy clinical studies is known as evidence-based medicine.
Health care that relies choices about patient care on the most recent and trustworthy clinical studies is known as evidence-based medicine. Evidence-based medicine aims to integrate the expertise of the practitioner, the patient's values, and the best research findings in order to support clinical care decisions. The phrase was first used to describe a method for enhancing physician evaluations of specific patients while simultaneously directing medical practice. In addition to these programs, CMS is also in charge of a number of other responsibilities, including those relating to administrative simplification required by the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA), the satisfaction of long-term care facility requirements through its survey and certification process, and the high standards for scientific laboratories.
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Compare the animal groups by placing the correct number(s) in the spaces provided 1.Sponges 2.Cnidarians
Answers
To compare the animal groups, Sponges and Cnidarians, let's consider some key characteristics of each group:
Sponges:
Sponges are multicellular organisms that belong to the phylum Porifera. They are simple animals that lack true tissues and organs.
Cnidarians:
Cnidarians belong to the phylum Cnidaria and include animals like jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones. They exhibit more complexity compared to sponges and have distinct tissue layers.
To compare the animal groups, Sponges and Cnidarians, let's consider some key characteristics of each group:
Sponges:
Sponges are multicellular organisms that belong to the phylum Porifera. They are simple animals that lack true tissues and organs. Some key characteristics of sponges include:
They have a porous body structure with numerous pores and channels.
They are filter feeders, extracting food particles from water that passes through their bodies.
Sponges exhibit a wide range of shapes, sizes, and colors.
They reproduce both sexually and asexually.
Cnidarians:
Cnidarians belong to the phylum Cnidaria and include animals like jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones. They exhibit more complexity compared to sponges and have distinct tissue layers. Some key characteristics of cnidarians include:
They have a sac-like body plan with a central digestive cavity called a gastrovascular cavity.
Cnidarians possess specialized cells called cnidocytes that contain stinging structures called nematocysts, which they use for defense and capturing prey.
They exhibit radial symmetry.
Cnidarians can reproduce both sexually and asexually.
In comparing the two groups, sponges and cnidarians, we can note the following:
Sponges are simpler in structure and lack true tissues, while cnidarians have distinct tissue layers.
Cnidarians have specialized stinging cells (cnidocytes) for capturing prey, while sponges do not possess such cells.
Cnidarians exhibit radial symmetry, whereas sponges do not have a specific symmetry pattern.
Both groups can reproduce sexually and asexually, but their reproductive strategies may differ.
Overall, sponges and cnidarians represent different levels of complexity and organization within the animal kingdom, with cnidarians exhibiting more specialized structures and behaviors compared to sponges.
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1. In Experiment 1, does adding an acid to a basic solution result in an acid or a base?
2. In Experiment 2, does adding an acid to a basic solution result in an acid or a base?
3. In which experiment is the acid added to a buffered base? How can you tell?
Answers
Acid and base are mixed to give salt and water. This process is exothermic in nature giving out heat called heat of neutralization which causes an increase in temperature.
So, these reactions can be explosive in nature when acid is added to any base and this raises the temperature of acid-base reactions.
HCl+NaOH→NaCl+H
"pH" is the negative of the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration, according to the simple Arrhenius definition of acids and bases. As a result, as the concentration of acid (hydrogen ions) increases, so does the pH value.
"Equal" acid-base ratios in solution require a more precise description. Varied concentrations in pure volumetric ratios can have extremely different equilibrium pH values.
If we interpret it as the common "equivalence point" where the acid and base components "neutralize," the resulting pH is in the "middle" - pH 7.0 - only when the acid and base are of equal relative strength in terms of dissociation, not concentration.
A strong base weak acid will have an equivalency point that is somewhat higher in pH than a weak base, strong acid.
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Which correctly lists the three types of rock particles that make up soil?
Answers
The three types of rock particles that make up soil are sand, silt, and clay.
Sand particles are the largest, with a diameter of 0.05 to 2 millimeters.
Silt particles are intermediate in size, with a diameter of 0.002 to 0.05 millimeters.
Clay particles are the smallest, with a diameter of less than 0.002 millimeters.
The relative proportions of these three types of particles in soil determine its texture. Soils with a high sand content are coarse-textured, while soils with a high clay content are fine-textured. Soils with a balanced mix of sand, silt, and clay are loam soils, which are considered to be the most fertile.
Soil particles are constantly being weathered and eroded, and new particles are being formed. This process of weathering and erosion is what creates soil. Soil is essential for life on Earth, as it provides plants with the nutrients they need to grow.
Which three areas of gray matter found in each cerebral hemisphere are important in helping to control the initiation and termination of skeletal muscle movements?
a) red nuclei
b) vestibular nuclei
c) lateral olivary nuclei
d) basal nuclei
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is - d) basal nuclei.
Explanation:
Basal nuclei is the area present at the base of the brain made up of four sets or clusters of nerve cells. It helps in the regulation of muscle tone essential for control of the contractions of the skeletal muscle movements and other body movements.
It is the part of the grey matter found in each cerebral hemisphere that has a major role in the initiation and termination of skeletal muscle movements. Its prevent the body from unwanted body movements.
why do you add chilled methylated spirits to the filtrate
Answers
Answer:
The detergent breaks apart the cellular membranes and the salt binds to the DNA to make it less able to remain soluble in water (it neutralizes the charge of the DNA and it is less able to bind to water).
Explanation:
hope this helps
How carbonic acid formed and what is its role in chemical weathering
Answers
Answer:
Carbonic acid is formed in small amounts when its anhydride, carbon dioxide (CO2), dissolves in water. Carbonic acid is a very common in nature where it works to dissolve rock.
Explanation:
Skeletal muscle fibers are innervated (stimulated) by
parasympathetic neurons
sympathetic neurons.
motor neurons.
interneurons.
Answers
Answer:
motor neurons
Explanation:
Man made sources of green House Gases
A
Factory emmissions
B
all of them
C
Chlorofloro Carbons
D
Automobile emmissions
Answers
Answer: C. Chlorofluoro Carbons.
Answer the question for saying Yes and No
1) Is there a meaningful difference between the Total Ridge Count of male and female students in this class? Simply answer YES or NO.
2) Is our Mean Total Ridge Count for males meaningfully different from Holt’s? Simply answer YES or NO.
3) Is our Mean Total Ridge Count for females meaning fully different from Holt’s? Simply answer YES or NO.
Answers
Answer:
Yes
No
No
2 and 3 are baisically the same just different wording.
No
Which observation is true about organisms that carry the same genes?A. They will have the same phenotype, even if there are differences inexpression of the genes.B. They will not have the same phenotype, even if the genes are allexpressed the same way.C. They will have the same phenotype, because they will express thesame genes.D. They will not have the same phenotype if there are differences inexpression of the genes.
Answers
The answer would be the letter D. It is because the organism carries the same genotype and will have similar phenotypic characteristics.
similarities between renal atery and renal vein
Answers
Answer:
Arteries are blood vessels responsible for carrying oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body. Veins are blood vessels that carry blood low in oxygen from the body back to the heart for reoxygenation.
Explanation:
What is it called when groups of organisms show a rapid rate of diversification in their form for a period of time?
Adaptive radiation
Extinction
Macroevolution
Speciation
Answers
The term for groups of organisms showing rapid diversification in their form for a period of time is "adaptive radiation."
The term that describes groups of organisms showing a rapid rate of diversification in their form for a period of time is "adaptive radiation." Adaptive radiation occurs when a single ancestral species gives rise to multiple descendant species, each adapted to different ecological niches or environments.During adaptive radiation, organisms exploit vacant ecological niches, leading to the evolution of diverse traits and adaptations. This process often occurs in response to significant environmental changes, such as the availability of new resources, colonization of new habitats, or following mass extinctions.Adaptive radiation can lead to the emergence of new species with distinct morphological, physiological, and behavioral characteristics. It plays a crucial role in shaping the diversity and complexity of life on Earth, resulting in the evolution of various species that are specialized to thrive in different ecological settings.For more such questions on Diversification:
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What are the three categories of the 2nd line of defence in the immune system?
Answers
Answer:The immune system's three lines of defense include physical and chemical barriers, non-specific innate responses, and specific adaptive responses.
Explanation:
1. What differences can you see when you compare the nucleus of a dividing cell with that of a non-dividing cell?
Answers
Answer: In dividing cells, the chromatin complex of DNA and protein can be seen as individual compact chromosomes; in non-dividing cells, chromatin appears to be distributed throughout the nucleus and organized into 'condensed' regions (heterochromatin) and more open 'euchromatin'
Explain the distinction between animal rights and animal welfare using concrete examples.
Answers
In animal rights the elimination of the use of animals by human where as animal welfare is applicable to improve the treatment of animals and their well-being.
The difference between them can be seen in farmed animals.
What is animal rights ?It a belief system where we consider that the animals should have a right to be free of human interference and exploitation.
The animal rights claims that they cannot be used as food for humans and as an experimental objects, or even pets.
Few laws for this are cannot be used for food, not hunted, protection of habitat, may not bred.
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Which type of cell is found in the hypodermis?
Answers
Answer:
The hypodermis contains the cells known as fibroblasts, adipose tissue (fat cells), connective tissue, larger nerves and blood vessels, and macrophages, cells which are part of the immune system and help keep your body free of intruders.
Explanation:
The hypodermis is made up of fibroblasts, these cells are a part of the body's connective tissues. These secrete collagen proteins that help in maintaining the structural framework of body.
What is Hypodermis?
The hypodermis is the bottom layer of the skin in the body. It performs many important functions such as storage of energy, connecting the dermis layer (upper layer) of the skin to the muscles and bones underneath, insulating the body during different temperature range and protecting the body from harm which could happen due to injury. As a person age, the hypodermis decreases in size, and the skin starts to sag and becomes more vulnerable to harm and injury.
The hypodermis of skin contains the cells known as fibroblasts, with other cells such as adipose tissue (fat cells), connective tissue, larger nerves and blood vessels, and macrophages, which are all part of the immune system of an individual and helps to keep the body free of intruders.
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P-waves are faster than S-Waves and will arrive first.
True or false
Answers
A crane has a sharp and pointed beak while the duck has a flat beak.Explain why
Answers
Answer:
The crane has a sharp and pointed beak adapted for catching and grasping prey. The sharp beak allows the crane to effectively stab and pierce its prey, such as fish, frogs, or small animals. The pointed shape helps the crane to accurately target its prey and secure a firm grip.
On the other hand, the duck has a flat beak, which is better suited for its specific feeding habits. Ducks are primarily filter feeders, and their flat beak enables them to sift through water or mud to collect small organisms, insects, and plants. The flat beak acts like a sieve, allowing the duck to strain out food particles while retaining water.
The difference in beak shape between the crane and the duck reflects their distinct feeding strategies and ecological roles. Each species has evolved its beak shape to optimize its ability to capture and consume the specific types of food sources available in their respective habitats.
what kingdom should this be placed in?
Answers
Answer:
Animal kingdom
Explanation:
Because it has a nucleus which is absent in the plant kingdom
If allele B made bacteria resistant to antibiotics, which of the following is correct
Answers
Answer:
The Bacteria population is less likely to be killed by antibiotics
Question 3 of 10Which action would most likely lead scientists to change or improve anexisting scientific theory about evolution?A. Wondering whether some traits help reptiles survive in extremeconditionsOB. Being familiar with many reptile species whose traits are similar tothose in the fossil recordC. Discovering a new species of reptile that has different traits thanknown species and fossil recordsD. Making a hypothesis about the effect of harsh conditions in thepast on reptile species today
Answers
The theory of evolution explains that different organisms have their origin in other preexsiting types and the differences of their traits rely on the changes made in the next generation. Among the options provided, The 3rd option will most likely lead scientists to change or improve an existing scientific theory about evolution. Discovering a new species of reptile that has different traits than known species and fossil records. The discovery of these new species that possess a different trait will help scientist modify the present theory since a theory is open for new evidences in order to prove the truthfulness of the old theory.
Residual parent material refers to the *weathered rock* and *soil* that remains in its place of origin, while *transported parent material* is material that has been carried and deposited by natural agents such as water, wind, or glaciers.
The impact of these different types of parent material on *soil formation* can be significant. Residual parent material tends to contribute to the formation of soils with characteristics similar to the parent rock. The weathering process breaks down the rock into smaller particles, allowing for the development of soil horizons and the release of minerals that influence soil fertility. In contrast, transported parent material can introduce a diverse range of materials to a given area, leading to variations in soil composition, texture, and fertility. The transportation process can mix different types of sediment, resulting in the formation of heterogeneous soils with varying properties.
Answers
Residual parent material is the rock and soil that is still located in its original location and is weathered. Transported parent material is material that is carried and deposited by natural agents such as water, wind, or glaciers. The effect of these different types of parent material on soil formation can be significant.
Residual parent material usually contributes to the development of soils with qualities similar to the parent rock. The breakdown of rock into smaller particles through weathering enables the formation of soil horizons and the release of minerals that influence soil fertility.
The physical and chemical characteristics of soils derived from this form of parent material are often similar and homogeneous, allowing for predictable fertility and properties. Transported parent material, on the other hand, can introduce a diverse range of materials to a given area, resulting in variations in soil composition, texture, and fertility.
The transportation process can blend different types of sediment, resulting in the formation of heterogeneous soils with different characteristics. Transported parent material can also be exposed to weathering processes, altering its original composition and resulting in soils with varying degrees of fertility.
While transported parent material can increase the diversity of soil properties in an area, it can also make it difficult to predict soil characteristics, particularly in areas where different types of sediment have been deposited. The relationship between parent material and soil development is complex, with both the initial characteristics of the material and the surrounding environment influencing soil properties.
In general, residual parent material contributes to the development of homogeneous soils with predictable properties, while transported parent material can result in more diverse and heterogeneous soils.
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[10]
QUESTION 7
7.1
Have you ever wondered why fruits become sweeter as they ripen?
Investigate and write a report about the taste of bananas. Conduct a test on the ripe
and unripe banana to find out why bananas become sweet as they ripen. Your report
must have the following headings:
7.1.1 Aim
(2)
7.1.2 Hypothesis
(2)
7.1.3 Materials and apparatus
(4)
7.1.4 Method
(6)
7.1.5 Results
(4)
7.1.6 Conclusion
(2)
[20]
Answers
How does modern classification differ from the systems used by Aristotle and Linnaeus?
A. It uses microscopes to examine tiny structures that organisms may have.
B. It looks at fossils and how modern organisms could be related to many of them.
C.All of the above are correct.
D. It looks at similarities and differences in DNA found in the cell of organisms.
Answers
For 2 minutes write down every sound you hear. Write in dot points.
What was the quietest noise? What was the loudest noise? Did you have any distractions?
Answers
an example could be:
quietest noise - a clock
loudest noise - family members talking
distractions - a TV show
Which of the following is an example of an advantageous trait? *
A. A black moth that lives near an industrial site that produces a lot of soot
B. A cheetah that can run faster than the rest of his pack
C. A bird with a beak that can crack nuts in an environment where nuts are the main food source
D. A white rabbit that lives in a snow covered environment
E. All of these options
Answers
Answer:
\(\boxed {\boxed {\sf E. \ All \ of \ these \ options}}\)
Explanation:
Let's examine each answer choice.
A: This is an advantageous trait. The soot will cover objects and make them appear black, providing places for the black moth to be camouflaged.
B: This is another advantageous trait. If the cheetah can run faster, it can get to food sources faster and run away from predators.
C: If there is an abundance of nuts, it's an advantage to be able to crack them and eat them.
D: The snow provides a habitat that the rabbit can be camouflaged in. This is another advantageous trait.
So, every answer choice was a good example of an advantageous trait. That makes the best answer choice E. all of these options.
Answer:
E
Explanation: