Using the stars as an example explain how nuclear fusion works

The de Broglie wavelength is given by λ = h/p, where h is Planck's constant and p is the momentum of the particle. Since all three particles are moving at the same speed, their momenta will be different due to their different masses.

First, let's calculate the momentum of each particle. The momentum of a particle is given by p = mv, where m is the mass of the particle and v is its velocity.
For the proton, m = 1.00728 u (atomic mass units) and v = v, so p = 1.00728v u.
For the electron, m = 0.00054858 u and v = v, so p = 0.00054858v u.
For the helium nucleus, m = 4.0026 u and v = v, so p = 4.0026v u.
Now, let's calculate the de Broglie wavelength for each particle using λ = h/p.
For the proton, λ = h/(1.00728v) u.
For the electron, λ = h/(0.00054858v) u.
For the helium nucleus, λ = h/(4.0026v) u.

Since h is a constant and the particles are moving at the same speed, the order of their de Broglie wavelengths will be determined by their momenta, which in turn are determined by their masses. Therefore, the order of the de Broglie wavelengths from largest to smallest is:
Helium nucleus > Proton > Electron

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Answer:

I would say A but I'm not sure

When tin metal is placed into a solution of nickel (II) iodide then nothing will occur.

Reactivity series of the metals tells about the increasing or decreasing orders of the reactivity of the metals.

According to the reactivity series, reactivity of nickel metal is more than the tin metal. So, if we add tin metal in the solution of nickel (II) iodide then no reaction occurs. Because the reactivity of tin is less as compare to nickel metal so it is not possible for tin to replace the nickel metal and get dissolve.

Hence, option (C) is correct i.e. nothing.

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The vapor pressure of methanol over the solution is 16.51 kPa.

The vapor pressure of a solution depends on the vapor pressure of the pure solvent and the mole fraction of the solvent in the solution. Using Raoult's law, we can calculate the vapor pressure of methanol over the solution:

P = Xsolvent * Pºsolvent

where P is the vapor pressure of the solution, Xsolvent is the mole fraction of methanol in the solution, and Pºsolvent is the vapor pressure of pure methanol.

First, we need to calculate the mole fraction of methanol:

moles of CH3OH = volume of CH3OH x density of CH3OH / molar mass of CH3OH

= 5.00 mL x 0.792 g/mL / 32.04 g/mol

= 0.1236 mol

moles of C6H5COOH = mass of C6H5COOH / molar mass of C6H5COOH

= 1.68 g / 122.12 g/mol

= 0.0138 mol

total moles = moles of CH3OH + moles of C6H5COOH

= 0.1236 mol + 0.0138 mol

= 0.1374 mol

mole fraction of CH3OH = moles of CH3OH / total moles

= 0.1236 mol / 0.1374 mol

= 0.8998

Now we can calculate the vapor pressure of methanol over the solution:

P = Xsolvent * Pºsolvent

= 0.8998 * 16.915 kPa

= 16.51 kPa

Therefore, the vapor pressure of methanol over the solution is 16.51 kPa.

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The density of the penny is 2g/mol

Density is a measure of how compact the mass in a substance or object is

Here given data is

Mass of penny = 3gram

Volume of penny = 31.5 ml after penny was dropped

Volume of penny = 30 ml before penny was dropped

We have to calculate the density of penny = ?

Volume of penny = 31.5 - 30ml = 1.5ml

So density = mass/volume

Density = 3gram/1.5ml

Density = 2g/mol

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Answer:

0.225 L = 225 mL

Explanation:

Charles' Law states that for a fixed pressure, the volume is directly proportional to the temperature, which means things expand at the same rate as the rate of it being heated up

Mathematically, we can write that as:

V1/T1 = V2/T2, where 1 and 2 are the two situations

So, when we substitute the values in, we get:

0.25 L/298 K = V2/268 K

Rearranging this, we get:

(0.25/298) x 268 = 0.225 L = 225 mL.

This also makes sense, as the volume reduced a little when the temperature reduced (cooled down)

Let me know if this makes sense, and hope I helped! :)

Answer:

Nucleic acids determine the types of protein synthesis synthesized within cells.

What are nucleic acids synthesized by?

Viral nucleic acid synthesis is catalyzed by both viral and host enzymes, the relative contribution of which is determined by the type of virus and the specific molecule. Viruses with RNA genomes, except for the retroviruses, synthesize mRNA and replicate their genomes using virus-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerases.

See an example below:

Hope this helps :)

Pls brainliest...

Nucleic acids determine the types of proteins synthesized within cells.

In a cell, nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA play crucial roles in storing and transmitting genetic information. This genetic information serves as instructions for producing proteins, which are essential for numerous cellular processes and functions.

The process of protein synthesis begins with the transcription of DNA into RNA, specifically messenger RNA (mRNA). The mRNA then carries this genetic information from the cell nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. At the ribosomes, the mRNA's genetic code is translated into a sequence of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. This process is called translation.

The specific order of amino acids in a protein determines its structure and function. Since the genetic information in nucleic acids dictates the amino acid sequences in proteins, nucleic acids are responsible for determining the types of proteins synthesized within cells.

In summary, nucleic acids are essential for the storage and transmission of genetic information that determines the types of proteins synthesized in cells. These proteins play vital roles in cellular structure, function, and regulation, contributing to the overall health and maintenance of an organism.

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As of 2007, the maximum efficiency of a multijunction solar cell was 40.7%. Multijunction solar cells are a type of solar cell that has several p-n junctions that help to enhance the efficiency of the cell.

In 2007, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) announced that they had achieved a maximum efficiency of 40.7% for a multijunction solar cell. This was achieved by using three different semiconducting layers, each with a different bandgap energy.

The efficiency of these cells has continued to increase, and they are now used in a variety of applications, including space satellites and concentrator photovoltaics. The explanation provided explains the working of the multijunction solar cells and their advantages over the single junction solar cells. The explanation also includes the maximum efficiency of multijunction solar cells and how they are used in different applications.

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Answer:

Phycical science is the study of the body.

Explanation:

Subtract the bond energy of the products from the bond energy of the reactants to find the overall change in bond energy for the reaction H2(g) + Cl2(g) -> 2HCl(g).

Connection energy is the amount of energy needed to break a chemical bond. Reference tables include the bond energy values for each bond in the reactants and products.

The reaction is exothermic (release energy) if the bond energy of the products is larger than the bond energy of the reactants, and the difference indicates the quantity of energy released. If the product bond energy is smaller than the reactant bond energy, the reaction is endothermic (absorbs energy), and the difference denotes the quantity of energy absorbed.

As a result, if the computed total change in bond energy is negative, the reaction is exothermic; otherwise, it is endothermic.

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Answer:

The remote control sends low-energy infrared radiation to a light detector on the front of the television

Explanation:

The signal between a remote control and the TV controls consists of pulses of infrared light, which is invisible to the human eye

Nucleophilic addition and proton transfer are the two stages involved in the conjugate 1,4-addition of cyanide to a -unsaturated carbonyl.

A carbonyl group (C=O) connected to a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) in an organic molecule is known as an unsaturated carbonyl in chemistry. The atoms are arranged in a planar form with a distinctive resonance, which gives the molecule its distinct reactivity and physical characteristics.

These functional groups are crucial intermediates in several chemical processes because the double bond in an unsaturated carbonyl is sensitive to nucleophilic addition reactions including Michael addition and conjugate addition. Moreover, the parent molecule gains various chemical features from the presence of an unsaturated carbonyl, including higher acidity, greater reactivity with electrophiles, and changed physical qualities such boiling.

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The efficiency percentage of Pulley A : 75%

Given

input work = 100 J

output work = 75 J

Required

the efficiency

Solution

The efficiency percentage : the ratio of output work to input work

The efficiency of Pulley A :

\(\tt \%efficiency=\dfrac{out}{in}\times 100\%\\\\\%efficiency=\dfrac{75}{100}\times 100\%\\\\\%efficiency=75\%\)

Answer:

B

Explanation:

because HCl donates a proton to water. Therefore, HCl is an acid. H2O accepts a proton from HCl. Therefore, H2O is a base.

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Answer:

rate of change

Explanation:

The substance in the image above would be classified as a mixture of elements (option E).

A compound is a substance formed by chemical bonding of two or more elements in definite proportions by weight.

On the other hand, a mixture is made when two or more substances are combined, but they are not combined chemically.

According to this question, an image is shown with two different substances or elements as distinguished by coloration (white and purple). These elements are combined but not chemically bonded, hence, is a mixture.

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The reasonable mechanism for the formation of cyclohexylbenzene from the reaction of benzene, cyclohexene, and sulfuric acid is Friedel craft alkylation.

In the Friedel craft alkylation cyclohexylbenzene from the reaction of benzene, cyclohexene, and sulfuric acid. in the first step the cyclohexene produced carbocation in the presence of sulfuric acid by protonation. in the second step the `the carbocation undergoes nucleophilic by the benzene ring and produced cyclohexylbenzene. this is the mechanism  followed in the formation of the cyclohexylbenzene by the Friedel craft alkylation.

Thus, The reasonable mechanism for the formation of cyclohexylbenzene from the reaction of benzene, cyclohexene, and sulfuric acid is Friedel craft alkylation.

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Explanation:

pH = 14 - pOH

= 14 - 4.91

= 9.09

The ZnCl2 has a mass of  52.4 g.

The mass of NH3 is  12.24 g

Knowing that,

Zn number of moles is 25 g/65 g/mol.

= 0.385 mole

If 1 mole of zinc creates 1 mole of zinc chloride

0.385 mole of ZnCl2 is thus created.

ZnCl2 mass produced is 0.385 mole * 136 g/mol.

= 52.4 g

2) The formula for N2's moles is 10g/28 g/mol, or 0.36 moles.

30 moles of H2 are equal to 60 g divided by 2 g/mol.

If 3 moles of H2 and 1 mole of N2 react,

N2 interacts with 0.36 moles at 0.36 * 3/1.

= 1.08 moles

N2 is hence the limiting reactant.

2 moles of NH3 are produced from 1 mole of N2.

The result of 0.36 moles of N2 is 0.36 * 2/1.

= 0.72 moles

NH3 mass equals 0.72 moles times 17 g/mol.

= 12.24 g

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We must first identify the mole fraction of He in the gas mixture before we can use that information to calculate its partial pressure.

We start by determining the moles of each gas:

moles of He = 20.0 g / (4.0026 g/mol) = 4.995 mol

moles of H2 = 6.0 g / (2.0159 g/mol) = 2.977 mol

Then, we calculate the mole fraction of He:

mole fraction of He = moles of He / (moles of He + moles of H2)

= 4.995 mol / (4.995 mol + 2.977 mol)

≈ 0.626

Then, after this we calculate the partial pressure of He:

partial pressure of He = mole fraction of He * total pressure

= 0.626 * 800 torr

≈ 501 torr

Therefore, the partial pressure of He in the gas mixture is approximately 501 torr.

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There are various types of hazards that can be found in a chemistry laboratory. Here are two of them: Chemical Hazards and Physical Hazards.

1. Chemical Hazards: Chemical hazards are substances that have the potential to cause physical or health harm when exposed to humans or the environment. These may include substances that are poisonous, flammable, or explosive. They may be gases, liquids, or solids. Chemical hazards can be toxic or reactive. Toxic chemicals are poisonous and can cause damage to organs, irritation of skin and eyes, and respiratory issues. Reactive chemicals may combust or react dangerously with other substances if they are not handled properly.

2. Physical Hazards: Physical hazards are objects or conditions that have the potential to cause physical harm to individuals in the laboratory. These may include objects such as glassware, sharp objects, and electrical equipment. Glassware can break and cause cuts and lacerations, while sharp objects can puncture or cut skin. Electrical equipment can cause electric shocks or fires if not handled correctly. Physical hazards can also include environmental hazards such as loud noises or extreme temperatures, which can cause hearing loss or thermal burns.

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The concentration of NH3 at equillibirium is 0.00010M. Option A.

Ammonium nitrate is formed when nitric acid reacts with ammonia. It is a white crystalline solid consisting of ammonium ions and nitrate ions. Soluble in water, but does not form hydrates. Ammonia is directly neutralized with sulfuric acid to produce ammonium sulfate.

The neutralization evaporator and crystallizer are connected so that the heat released during neutralization is used to evaporate the water in the ammonium sulfate slurry. These units operate under partial vacuum. Nitric acid pH neutralization is common and any inorganic base such as sodium hydroxide or lime can be used. Ammonia gas reacts with hydrogen chloride gas to form ammonium chloride.

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1) Grams of lead.

Convert grams of lead (II) nitride to moles of lead (II) nitride

Convert moles of lead (II) nitride into moles of Pb

Convert moles of Pb into grams of Pb

There is 31.64 g of ions of lead in the sample of paint.

The hardness of a mineral is typically measured using the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, which assigns a hardness value from 1 to 10 to different minerals based on their ability to scratch or be scratched by other minerals. In the given scenario, the mineral in question cannot be scratched by a fingernail but can scratch glass.

On the Mohs scale, a mineral that can be scratched by a fingernail has a hardness value of approximately 2.5. Glass, on the other hand, has a hardness value of around 5.5.

Based on this information, the mineral that cannot be scratched by a fingernail but can scratch glass has a hardness value between 5.5 and 6 on the Mohs scale.The scale consists of ten minerals of varying hardness, with each mineral assigned a value from 1 to 10 based on its ability to scratch or be scratched by other minerals. The scale is based on the principle that a harder mineral will scratch a softer mineral.

In the scenario you provided, the mineral cannot be scratched by a fingernail, which typically has a hardness value of around 2.5 on the Mohs scale. This means that the mineral in question has a hardness greater than 2.5.

On the other hand, the mineral is able to scratch glass, which has a hardness value of approximately 5.5 on the Mohs scale. This indicates that the mineral has a hardness greater than 5.5.

By considering these facts, we can conclude that the mineral's hardness falls between 5.5 and 6 on the Mohs scale.

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The right answer is C) A solute's concentration affects a colligative property that causes a depression in freezing point.

What does chemistry mean by a colligative property?

Colligative qualities of solutions are characteristics that depend on the quantity of molecules or ions in the solute, but not on the kind of solute. Osmotic pressure, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and vapor pressure reduction are examples of ligand-like properties.

Why are colligative qualities given that name?

Colligative means "connected to the number" in Greek, which suggests that these attributes are related to the quantity of solute particles rather than their identities. These features are known as colligative properties.

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Answer:

Carbon material refers to any material that's composed primarily of carbon atoms. Carbon could be a flexible component that can exist in numerous diverse shapes, each with one of a kind physical and chemical properties.

Explanation:

Carbon materials have a wide extend of uses in our environment. Here are ten illustrations:

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The apparent activation energy for the light-producing chemical reaction in a firefly is 50 kJ mol-1. if you knock out the surroundings from 300 K to 270 K then the firefly will blink 9.3 slower.

Activation energy is the minimum energy required to react when molecules collide. The function of the activation energy is to break the bonds in the reactants so that new bonds will form in the reaction products. The formula equation becomes:

                          ln (k2/k1) = (Ea/R) x ((1/T1) - (1/T2))

information:

k1 = initial reaction rate constant

k2 = rate constant of the variation reaction

Ea = activation energy

R = gas constant (8.314 J/mol.K)

T1 = initial temperature

T2 = temperature variation

Given in question.

Ea = 50 Kj = 50 x 103 h

T1 = 270 K

T2 = 300 K

So:

ln (k2/k1) = (Ea/R) x ((1/T1) - (1/T2))

ln (k2/k1) = 50 x 103/8.314 x (1/270 – 1/300)

ln(k2/k1) = 2.23

   (k2/k1) = 0.11

          k2 = 0.11 k1

          k2 = 1/9.3 k1

Next will be 9.3 times slow.

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The Δ Hrxn, in kJ/mol, for this reaction= 11.04 kJ/mol

Given

0.848 g ammonium nitrate

The enthalpy change : +0.117 kJ

Required

Δ Hrxn, in kJ/mol

Solution

Delta H reaction (ΔH) is the amount of heat change between the system and its environment  

The value of ° H ° can be calculated from the change in enthalpy of standard formation:  

∆H ° rxn = ∑n ∆Hf ° (product) - ∑n ∆Hf ° (reactants)  

mass of NH4NO3 = 0.848 g

mol of NH4NO3(MW = 80 g/mol)

mol = 0.848 : 80

mol = 0.0106

The Δ Hrxn :

= 0.117 kJ : 0.0106 mol

= 11.04 kJ/mol

The amount of concentrated solution needed is (0.286 M)(65 mL) / C M, and the amount of water needed is 65 mL minus the volume of the concentrated solution.

To calculate the molarity of Kool Aid desired, we need to determine the number of moles of Kool Aid powder and sugar in the package. Since the molecular formula for sugar is C12H22O11, we can calculate its molar mass as follows:

Molar mass of C12H22O11 = (12 * 12.01) + (22 * 1.01) + (11 * 16.00)

= 144.12 + 22.22 + 176.00

= 342.34 g/mol

Given that the package contains 4.25 grams of Kool Aid powder, we can calculate the number of moles of Kool Aid powder using its molar mass:

Number of moles of Kool Aid powder = Mass / Molar mass

= 4.25 g / 342.34 g/mol

≈ 0.0124 mol

Similarly, for the sugar, which has a molar mass of 342.34 g/mol, we can calculate the number of moles of sugar using its mass:

Number of moles of sugar = Mass / Molar mass

= 192.00 g / 342.34 g/mol

≈ 0.5612 mol

Now, to calculate the molarity of the desired Kool Aid solution, we need to determine the volume of water. Given that 1.06 quarts is equal to 1 liter, and we have 2.00 quarts of water, we can convert it to liters as follows:

Volume of water = 2.00 quarts * (1.06 liters / 1 quart)

= 2.12 liters

To find the molarity, we use the formula:

Molarity (M) = Number of moles / Volume (in liters)

Molarity of Kool Aid desired = (0.0124 mol + 0.5612 mol) / 2.12 L

≈ 0.286 M

To prepare 65 mL of the desired molarity, we can use dilution calculations. We need to determine the volume of concentrated solution and the volume of water needed.

Let's assume the concentration of the concentrated Kool Aid solution is C M. Using the dilution formula:

(C1)(V1) = (C2)(V2)where C1 is the initial concentration, V1 is the initial volume, C2 is the final concentration, and V2 is the final volume.

Given that C1 = C M and V1 = V mL, and we want to prepare a final volume of 65 mL (V2 = 65 mL) with a final concentration of 0.286 M (C2 = 0.286 M), we can rearrange the formula to solve for the volume of the concentrated solution:

(C M)(V mL) = (0.286 M)(65 mL)

V mL = (0.286 M)(65 mL) / C M

So, the amount of concentrated solution needed is (0.286 M)(65 mL) / C M, and the amount of water needed is 65 mL minus the volume of the concentrated solution.

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P1 = 300 torr

V1 = 50 mL

P2 = 150 torr

V2 = ?

applying Boyle's Law

P1 * V1 = P2 * V2

300 torr * 50 mL = 150 torr * V2

V2 = 300 torr * 50 mL / 150 torr

V2 = 100 mL