Two polluters currently emit 10-tons of pollution each for a total of 20 tons. The two firms have the following costs for reducing pollution: MC1 =8+1R1 MC2 =6+3R2 where Ri represents the units of pollution reduced by firm i. Fill in the table below. Total Cleanup MC MC (R) Firm 1 () Firm 2 ($) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 The EPA has determined that the socially optimal level of pollution is a total of 10 tons. (a) If the EPA were to mandate that each firm reduce pollution by 5 tons, what would be the total cost to society? (b) Now suppose that the EPA were to adopt cap-and-trade and auctioned 10 tradable pollution permits to reach the socially optimal level. Each permit allows the owner to pollute 1 ton. How many of the permits would each firm be expected to buy? (c) What is the total cost to society of reducing pollution to 10 tons under cap-and-trade?
Answers
(a) If the EPA were to mandate that each firm reduce pollution by 5 tons, then the total reduction would be 10 tons (5 tons per firm) which is equal to the socially optimal level of pollution. Firm 1’s MC for reducing 5 tons is equal to 8+1(5) = $13 and Firm 2’s MC for reducing 5 tons is equal to 6+3(5) = $21. If both firms reduce 5 tons each, the total cost to society would be $13+$21 = $34.
(b) If the EPA were to adopt cap-and-trade and auctioned 10 tradable pollution permits to reach the socially optimal level, each firm would buy 5 permits since they both emit 10 tons each. In order to reduce pollution to 10 tons, both firms would have to buy 5 permits each. The cost of these permits would be equal to the sum of all the permits bought multiplied by the marginal cost of the permits. In this case, it would be 5 x $13 = $65 for Firm 1 and 5 x $21 = $105 for Firm 2. The total cost of the permits would be $65+$105 = $170.
(c) Under cap-and-trade, the total cost to society would be the sum of the cost of the permits and the marginal costs of reducing the pollution. In this case, the total cost would be $170+$34 = $204. Therefore, the total cost to society of reducing pollution to 10 tons under cap-and-trade is $204.
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Related Questions
In
, people invest money in a company in exchange for the company’s
.
Answers
Answer:
In equity crowdfunding, people invest money in a company in exchange for the company’s shares
Explanation:
Equity crowdfunding is the process in which people invest in start up companies and early stage companies that have not been listed on a stock market in exchange for shares in that company. As a result of the investment, the person becomes a shareholder and makes profit when the company do well but if the company fails, shareholders make losses.
Startups and early-stage companies use this method to raise capital.
What is one strategy that can help a person avoid spending too much money
on interest when borrowing money?
O A. Choosing a loan with a compound rather than simple interest rate
O B. Choosing a credit card with a high minimum monthly payment
OC. choosing a credit card with a low minimum monthly payment
OD. Choosing a loan with a simple rather than compound interest rate
Answers
Explanation:
A. Choosing a loan with a compound rather than
Answer:
D. Choosing a loan with a simple rather than compound interest rate
Explanation:
Simple interest is calculated based on the principal amount only. It is easy to calculate and understand. Simple interest remains a flat figure throughout the loan period.
The payable monthly simple interest amount tends to be smaller compared to compound interest. Simple interest is calculated on the principal amount only but compound interest is based on the principal amount plus the previous periods' accumulated interest. This implies that one pays interest on the interest.
John from sales has just sent you an e-mail. He needs a decision made on the Johnson account as soon as possible. You can make the decision, but you feel like you’d like to ask your boss for her advice. Unfortunately, she is in a business meeting, and the decision needs to be made very soon. You decide to take the initiative and ______.
a.
Interrupt your boss to make the decision
b.
Ask a coworker to make the decision
c.
Wait to make the decision
d.
Make the decision
Answers
Answer:
D. Make the decision
Explanation:
The decision needs to be made as soon as possible. Answers B and C both require extra time, which is not an option here. That leaves A and D as possibilities. Answer A makes the least sense of the 4 options (as it would be extremely unprofessional to interrupt a meeting), leaving D as the only reasonable choice.
Two unrelated American quarter horses are bred together. What is this an example of?
Answers
Answer: Straightbreeding
Explanation: 100% on test
Decision Point: Using the Association to Grow the Business Several months after starting the advertising campaign, you meet with the director again. She says, "Our consumers are finally associating our cookie with a good-tasting experience over time. We see this in increased sales as well." She continues, "We feel that we can use this newly forged association in the consumer's mind between the cookie brand name and good taste in other ways to help grow our business, but we're not sure how. I'd like you to come up with some ideas." Which of the following options is the best choice to use the brand and its association in the consumer's mind with good taste? Select an option from the choices below and click Submit. License the brand to another company to use on a potato chip. Develop a line extension using the brand on a chocolate chip cookie. License the brand to a company that wants to use it on their lower cost baked goods.
Answers
The best choice to utilize the brand and its association with good taste in the consumer's mind would be to develop a line extension using the brand on a chocolate chip cookie. Option B.
By developing a line extension, the company can leverage the positive association consumers have between the brand name and good taste to introduce a new product variant that aligns with their existing offerings. Chocolate chip cookies are a natural fit as they maintain the core essence of the original cookie while adding a popular flavor variation.
This allows the company to tap into the existing customer base who already associate the brand with good taste and provide them with a new product option to explore.
Introducing a line extension also provides an opportunity for the company to expand its market reach and capture new customers who may be attracted to the brand's reputation for quality and taste. By leveraging the positive brand association, the company can differentiate its chocolate chip cookies from competitors and establish a strong presence in the market.
On the other hand, licensing the brand to another company to use on a potato chip or licensing it to a company that wants to use it on their lower-cost baked goods may dilute the brand's association with good taste. Associating the brand with lower-cost or unrelated products could create confusion among consumers and weaken the brand's overall image.
Therefore, developing a line extension with a chocolate chip cookie aligns with the brand's existing identity, capitalizes on the positive association with good taste, and provides the company with the opportunity to expand its product portfolio while maintaining brand consistency and consumer loyalty. So Option B is correct.
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Find the marginal products of capital and labor for the Cobb-Douglas production function. Show that the marginal product of labor is decreasing in ∠ but increasing in K. y=K
0.6
L
0.4
Answers
The marginal product of capital and labor for the Cobb-Douglas production function and its proof that the marginal product of labor is decreasing in ∠ but increasing in K is given below.
Marginal products of capital and labor: Let us differentiate Y with respect to K and L and find the marginal products of capital and labor respectively. Y=K^{0.6}L^{0.4}
Differentiating Y with respect to K and L:frac{partial Y}{partial K}=0.6K^{0.6-1}L^{0.4}=0.6frac{Y}{K}
Here, the marginal product of capital is frac{partial Y}{partial K}=0.6 frac{Y}{K} frac{partial Y}{partial L}=0.4K^{0.6}L^{0.4-1}=0.4 frac{Y}{L}
Here, the marginal product of labor is frac{partial Y}{partial L}=0.4frac{Y}{L} Proof that the marginal product of labor is decreasing in ∠ but increasing in K:frac{partial^2 Y}{partial L^2}=0.4 frac{partial}{partial L}left(frac{Y}{L} right)=-0.16 frac{Y}{L^2}
Since the second derivative is negative, the marginal product of labor is decreasing in L. But since the marginal product of capital is positive and increases in K, the marginal product of labor is increasing in K. Therefore, the marginal product of labor is decreasing in ∠ but increasing in K.
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A ucf grad has gross monthly income of $3,200 and net take home pay of $2,900 per month, which approximates his/her monthly living expenses. What is the minimum amount should have in his/her emergency fund?.
Answers
$8,700 is the minimum amount should have in his/her emergency fund.
Most professionals might benefit from having a basic comprehension of the financial notion of gross monthly income. Although you can anticipate seeing this amount on your pay stubs, you can also do the math on your own.
Knowing your gross income and how to calculate it, regardless of whether you're a salaried, hourly, or contract worker, can be beneficial to you both professionally and personally because it's necessary for things like figuring out your earnings and applying for a loan or credit.
A cash reserve especially set aside for unforeseen costs or financial emergencies is known as an emergency fund. Car repairs, home repairs, medical expenses, or lost wages are a few typical examples.
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Complete a departmental expense allocation spreadsheet for Marathon Running Shop. The spreadsheet should assign (1) direct expenses to each of the four departments, (2) the $64,000 of utilities expense to the four departments on the basis of floor space occupied, (3) the advertising department’s expenses to the two operating departments on the basis of the number of ads placed that promoted a department’s products, and (4) the administrative department’s expenses to the two operating departments based on the amount of sales.
Answers
Question Completion:
Marathon Running Shop has two service departments (advertising and administrative) and two operating departments (shoes and clothing). The table that follows shows the direct expenses incurred and square footage occupied by all four departments, as well as total sales for the two operating departments for the year 2017
Direct Expenses Square Feet Sales
Department
Advertising $ 18,000 1,120
Administrative 25,000 1,400
Shoes 103,000 7,140 $273,000
Clothing 15,000 4,340 77,000
The advertising department developed and distributed 120 advertisements during the year. Of these, 90 promoted shoes and 30 promoted clothing. Utilities expense of $64,000 is an indirect expense to all departments.
Answer:
Marathon Running Shop
Allocation of service departments' costs to the operating departments:
Service Departments Operating Departments Total
Advertising Administrative Shoes Clothing
Departmental $18,000 $25,000 $103,000 $15,000 $161,000
Utilities 5,120 6,400 32,640 19,840 64,000
After Utilities 23,120 31,400 135,640 34,840 $225,000
Advertising -23,120 17,340 5,780 0
Administrative -31,400 24,492 6,908 0
Total allocated costs $177,472 $47,528 $225,000
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Direct Expenses Square Feet Sales
Department
Advertising $ 18,000 1,120
Administrative 25,000 1,400
Shoes 103,000 7,140 $273,000
Clothing 15,000 4,340 77,000
Total $161,000 14,000 $350,000
Allocation of Utilities Expense of $64,000
Rate
Advertising (1,120/14,000 * $64,000) = $5,120
Administrative (1,400/14,000 * $64,000) = $6,400
Shoes (7,140/14,000 * $64,000) = $32,640
Clothing (4,340/14,000 * $64,000) = $19,840
Advertising $ 18,000 + $5,120 = $23,120
Administrative 25,000 + $6,400 = $31,400
Shoes 103,000 + $32,640 = $135,640
Clothing 15,000 + $19,840 = $34,840
Advertising expenses consumed by:
Shoes 90/120 * $23,120 = $17,340
Clothing 30/120 * $23,120 = $5,780
Administrative expenses consumed by:
Shoes $273,000/$350,000 * $31,400 = $24,492
Clothing $77,000/$350,000 * $31,400 = $6,908
What's the difference between product and brand?
Answers
Answer:
A product is made by a company and can be purchased by a consumer in exchange for money while brands are built through consumer perceptions, expectations, and experiences with all products or services under a brand umbrella. For example, Toyota's product is cars. ... Without a product, there is no need for a brand.
list your personal interest
Answers
Answer:
my interest is to reach conqueror in pubg mobile
A marketing strategy that stimulates immediate consumer action is
Opublic relations.
O advertising.
O personal selling.
O sales promotion.
Answers
Answer:
D) Sales Promotion
Explanation:
Sales promotion involves any incentive used by manufacturers to encourage the sales force to actively sell a brand or distributors/consumers to buy a brand.
Rumba Dance Hall has offered to buy from Muy Bueno Bakery 100 of its chocolate cakes for $26 each. No variable selling costs would need to be paid, but special packaging of $140 will have to be added. Normally, Muy Bueno sells its cakes at $36 each. Its costs per cake are materials, $11; direct labor, $8; variable factory overhead, $2; fixed factory overhead, $3; and variable selling costs, $3. How much differential profit or loss will Muy Bueno make if it accepts this offer
Answers
Answer:
differential profit = $360
Explanation:
total variable production costs:
materials $11 x 100 = $1,100
direct labor $8 x 100 = $800
variable overhead $2 x 100 = $200
total = $2,100
+
special packaging $140
= total costs $2,240
differential profit = $2,600 - $2,240 = $360
What is a key requirement of a savings plan?
0 to prioritize saving regularly without exception
O to save any money that has not been spent
Oto prioritize saving money when it is convenient
O to save money whenever you are at the bank or an ATM
Answers
To prioritize saving regularly without exception.
What is a saving plans?
Savings plans are financial solutions intended to encourage responsible saving while providing consistent returns that aid in reaching your financial objectives. These plans, which are typically life insurance products, protect your loved ones' finances in the event that something were to happen to you.What are the benefits of savings plan?
Helps Save Taxes: Since saving plans are essentially life insurance plans, they offer the same tax benefits offered by other insurance plans. In particular, you can avail an exemption of up to Rs 1.5 lakh towards your premium payments, as per Section 80C of the Income Tax Act.Why is saving crucial?
Having a budget can assist you:Manage unforeseen expenses and crises. Reach your financial objectives, such as saving for a car, a down payment for a home, or your retirement.To know more about savings, checkout this link:
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Todd Mountain Development Corporation is expected to pay a dividend of $3 in the upcoming year. Dividends are expected to grow at the rate of 9% per year. The risk-free rate of return is 5%, and the expected return on the market portfolio is 20%. The stock of Todd Mountain Development Corporation has a beta of 0.60. Using the constant-growth DDM, the intrinsic value of the stock is:
60.00
13.04
4.50
33.33
Answers
The intrinsic value of the stock of Todd Mountain Development Corporation is $60.
The intrinsic value of the stock can be calculated using the constant-growth Dividend Discount Model (DDM). According to the DDM formula, the intrinsic value is the present value of all future dividends. Given that the dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate, we can use the formula:
Intrinsic Value = Dividend / (Required Return - Dividend Growth Rate)
In this case, the dividend is $3, the required return is the risk-free rate plus the stock's beta multiplied by the market risk premium (5% + 0.60 * 15% = 14%), and the dividend growth rate is 9%.
Plugging these values into the formula, we have:
Intrinsic Value = $3 / (0.14 - 0.09) = $3 / 0.05 = $60
Therefore, the intrinsic value of the stock of Todd Mountain Development Corporation is $60.
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Benefits may include things like health insurance, life insurance, retirement funds, equity opportunities (stock in the company), and tuition assistance.
True
False
Answers
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Benefits are things that improve the well-being of employees. They could be in monetary or non-monetary format. The Majority of benefits relate to employees' healths and their life after retirement.
Apart from salaries, employers offer benefits to employees to make the job offer more attractive. Benefits also act as a source of motivation for workers. They are a way of showing that the employer cares for the workers. Benefits improve the employer-employee relationship.
what maintains data about various types of objects (inventory), events (transactions), people (employees), and places (warehouses)?
Answers
A database maintains data about various types of objects (inventory), events (transactions), people (employees), and places (warehouses).
Define database.
A database is essentially a planned grouping of material that has been arranged and is often kept electronically in a computer system. Typically, a database management system or DBMS is in charge of it. Information on people, such of clients or users, is frequently stored in databases. Social media networks, for instance, use databases to store user data including names, email addresses, and usage patterns. The information is put to use to enhance user experience and propose content to users. Databases are designed to make it easy to save, retrieve, edit, and delete data while carrying out various data-processing tasks. The four database types are:
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Identify and describe the target consumer segment for Amazon Go’s entry in Singapore, using at least 3 different segmentation variables (e.g., demographic, psychographic, geographic, behavioral, etc.).
Answers
Explanation :
Amazon Go is a shopping center that is both fast and convenient, offering a wide range of products. It aims to cater to all consumer groups in Singapore who are looking for a faster and more comfortable shopping experience.Target Consumer Segment for Amazon Go’s entry in Singapore Amazon Go's target audience is busy individuals, especially those who don't have enough time to visit a regular store.
Also, Amazon Go aims to serve individuals who prioritize convenience and quick service. The consumers who are most likely to visit Amazon Go in Singapore fall into the following target market:
Demographic Segmentation
Variable #1: Age: Amazon Go aims to target people aged 20 to 50 years. This is because the age group is tech-savvy, busy, and has less time for traditional shopping. Also, this age group is more likely to use the latest technologies and gadgets, which Amazon Go uses extensively.
Variable #2: Occupation: Amazon Go targets busy working professionals and entrepreneurs. These individuals have little free time and are typically looking for a quick and convenient shopping experience. Thus, Amazon Go's main objective is to reduce the time needed for shopping and increase the comfort of the shopping experience.
Psychographic Segmentation
Variable #3: Lifestyle: Amazon Go targets people who prefer a faster and more convenient lifestyle. This lifestyle segment values innovation, efficiency, and technology.
Geographic Segmentation Amazon Go's target audience is located in urban areas. The company aims to open its stores in prime locations such as downtown areas, transportation hubs, and tourist spots. The main objective is to attract people from different locations who are looking for a quick and efficient shopping experience.
Behavioral Segmentation Amazon Go targets people who prioritize quick service and convenience over the traditional shopping experience. The target audience of Amazon Go is more likely to use new and innovative technologies, which is essential for the company's business model. Also, the company focuses on providing excellent customer service to attract and retain consumers.Overall, Amazon Go's target audience is a busy, tech-savvy, and convenience-focused group of people who value their time and prefer innovative solutions.
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What threatens workers of the future?
( 1 )
Natural Disasters
(2)
Technological Change
(3)
Big Business
Answers
Technological change: a threat to workers
Answer:
I feel that all of them threaten workers of the future, but I would say that Big Business, number 3 is the most relevant in this scenario.
To have a more positive metaverse experience, it's important to __________________________.
A. check in with yourself to find the right balance
B. interact with everyone in the same experience
C. exit before someone starts connecting with you
D. continue as long as possible without taking a break
Answers
Interacting with everyone in a similar experience is crucial for a more fulfilling metaverse experience. As a result, choice (B) is the proper response.
What is metaverse?In science fiction and futuristic literature, the metaverse is a fictitious version of the Internet that is a single, all-encompassing virtual environment made possible by the usage of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) devices. A metaverse is a collection of 3D virtual environments that are mostly utilized for social interaction.
The words "meta" and "universe" were combined to create the phrase "metaverse," which first appeared in the science fiction book Snow Crash in 1992.
Hence, option (B) is accurate.
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Which of the following would normally fall under general education requirements at a college?
A. Literacy, natural sciences, social sciences, and physical education B. Music, physical education, world languages, and behavioral sciences
C. Math, music, physical education, and military history
D. Math, literacy, natural sciences, and social sciences
Answers
Answer: D. Math, literacy, natural sciences, and social sciences
Explanation:
General Education Requirements prepares students with the skills that are needed to enhance their employability and also help them in course of life. Some of these skills include oral and written communication, problem solving, critical thinking, etc.
Some of the subjects that would normally fall under general education requirements at college are Writing, Mathematics, Social science, Natural science, Global awareness, Diversity. etc.
________________________ equalizes the prices of internationally traded goods across countries.
Answers
Answer:purchasing power parity
Explanation:
alculate the contribution margin ratio, and apply this to determine sales dollars required to achieve a target profit of $12,500:
Sales revenue per unit $50
Variable cost per unit $25
Contribution margin per unit A.
Contribution margin ratio % B.
Total fixed costs $10,000
Break even in sales dollars C.
Answers
To calculate the contribution margin per unit, we subtract the variable cost per unit from the sales revenue per unit. Therefore:
Contribution margin per unit = Sales revenue per unit - Variable cost per unit
Contribution margin per unit = $50 - $25
Contribution margin per unit = $25
To calculate the contribution margin ratio, we divide the contribution margin per unit by the sales revenue per unit and multiply by 100 to get a percentage. Therefore:
Contribution margin ratio % = (Contribution margin per unit / Sales revenue per unit) x 100
Contribution margin ratio % = ($25 / $50) x 100
Contribution margin ratio % = 50%
To determine the sales dollars required to achieve a target profit of $12,500, we can use the contribution margin ratio formula. The formula is:
Sales dollars = (Fixed costs + Target profit) / Contribution margin ratio %
Plugging in the numbers, we get:
Sales dollars = ($10,000 + $12,500) / 50%
Sales dollars = $45,000
Therefore, we need to achieve sales of $45,000 to reach a target profit of $12,500, assuming all other factors remain constant.
To calculate the contribution margin ratio and determine the sales dollars required to achieve a target profit of $12,500, follow these steps:
Step 1: Calculate the contribution margin per unit (A).
Contribution Margin per Unit = Sales Revenue per Unit - Variable Cost per Unit
A = $50 - $25
A = $25
Step 2: Calculate the contribution margin ratio (B).
Contribution Margin Ratio % = (Contribution Margin per Unit / Sales Revenue per Unit) * 100
B = ($25 / $50) * 100
B = 50%
Step 3: Calculate the break-even point in sales dollars (C).
Break-Even Point in Sales Dollars = Total Fixed Costs / Contribution Margin Ratio
C = $10,000 / 0.50
C = $20,000
Step 4: Calculate the sales dollars required to achieve the target profit.
Sales Dollars Required = (Total Fixed Costs + Target Profit) / Contribution Margin Ratio
Sales Dollars Required = ($10,000 + $12,500) / 0.50
Sales Dollars Required = $45,000
In conclusion, the contribution margin per unit (A) is $25, the contribution margin ratio (B) is 50%, the break-even point in sales dollars (C) is $20,000, and the sales dollars required to achieve a target profit of $12,500 is $45,000.
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helen likes fiber one cereal and eats fiber one almost every morning. when she went to the grocery today, there was no fiber one on the shelf. according to research, how does a customer like helen typically view a product that is out of stock?
Answers
The way that a customer that is like Helen would view a product that is out of stock would be: The stockout will lead the customer to buy an item that is similar to the out-of-stock item.
What does it mean to be out of stock?An inventory state known as "out of stock" indicates that a product is not now available for purchase or use. A company may lose a sale if an item is out of stock, hence these products are frequently checked. When inventory is low, a company may offer to sell a substitute item or backorder products until they become available later.
When the planning system has not incorporated enough safety stock, an out-of-stock situation may occur. It can also happen when client demand exceeds expectations and all available stock is used up. This happens frequently with fashion items in particular since they might experience brief spikes in demand.
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which of the following is not a reason to use the simplified format for your business message? group of answer choices you do not know the name of the person that will be reading your message. the message is going to a group of people you want to emphasize the name of the person receiving the message.
Answers
The simplified format for a business message is designed to be clear and concise, which can be beneficial in many situations. However, there are certain cases where this format may not be appropriate.
For example, if you want to emphasize the importance of the recipient, using a more formal or detailed format may be more appropriate. Additionally, if you know the name of the person who will be reading the message, it can be helpful to include it in the greeting or opening sentence to add a personal touch.
On the other hand, if you do not know the name of the recipient or the business message is going to a group of people, the simplified format can still be effective in delivering your message clearly and efficiently.
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1 pts Your friend wants to make a bet with you, and he gives you two options. If you choose Option 1, you will have an 80 percent chance of winning $100, but a 20 percent chance of losing $100. If you choose Option 2, you are guaranteed to win $5. If you are like most people when it comes to making decisions, you would probably choose ________ because of ________. Group of answer choices Option 1; confirmation bias Option 2: anchoring Option 1; the availability heuristic Option 2: loss aversion
Answers
A person, similar to most other people, in the situation given above will choose confirmation bias because of the loss aversion.
What is confirmation bias?The general human tendency to decide or favor with a particular thing in such a way that there are no chances of losing, and it guarantees or confirms a benefit, is known as a confirmation bias.
Hence, options A-1; B-2 hold true regarding the confirmation bias in the given situation.
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Suppose you worked in the government. A company wants to set up a factory in your country. It would bring jobs, but it would also bring about pollution, which would lead to acid rain. Would you allow it?
Answers
Harrison manufacturing, based in toledo, recently purchased a new manufacturing facility and production equipment in germany that it will use to produce component parts. this purchase is an example of
Answers
This purchase is an example of foreign direct investment (FDI). Cross-border investments that involve a stake in and a sizable amount of control are known as foreign direct investments (FDIs).
Over an investments located in another country are established over time by an investor who resides in one economy. An acquisition of a certain organization's stock by another foreign organisation is referred to as a foreign direct investment. Such a company or investor is situated elsewhere than the company whose interest is being bought. An investment made into a company in another nation by a person or an organisation is known as foreign direct investment, or FDI for short. FDI brings knowledge, technology, skills, and employment in addition to money.
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Whenever a customer's check
bounces, what account is credited?
A. Cash Equivalents
B. Accounts Receivable
C. Checks
D. Cash
Answers
This is the right answer
Suppose the United States removes sugar quotas and the market price of sugar drops. If the demand curve for candy bars is downward-sloping, in the candy bar market we would expect the:________
a. Consumer surplus to decrease.
b. Deadweight loss to increase.
c. Consumer surplus to increase.
d. Consumer surplus to be unchanged
Answers
Answer:
C. Consumer surplus to increase
Explanation:
Sugar is a cost of production. With the cost being lower, costs of production for candy bars are lower. Supply shifts right, extra CS.
9. Suppose the principal of a public school re-
quired all students to recite a prayer at the start
of each school day. What level of government
(federal, state, or local) would most likely deter-
mine whether or not the principal's action was
constitutional?
Answers
Answer: Federal government
Explanation:
Based on the scenario in the question, the federal government would most likely determine whether or not the principal's action was constitutional.
This is a national issue and shouldn't be left in the hands of the local or state government. It should be noted that in 1962, school sponsored prayer in the public schools was banned by the United States Supreme Court, on the basis that the First Amendment was being violated.
The court later ruled that students can meet and then pray on their respective school grounds so far it's done privately and no one is forced.
Hence, the federal government would most likely determine whether or not the principal's action was constitutional.