Toluene (C7H8) is a component of gasoline and it is contaminating a water body due to a leaky storage tank. The concentration in water of the toluene is 4.25ppm. The starting pH of the water is 3.0 and this is a completely un-buffered system (i.e. protons that are liberated remain in solution and protons that are consumed are lost from solution during the RXNs taking place). Fe(OH)3 is present and will serve as an electron acceptor for toluene oxidation; it is reduced to Fe2 . Toluene is oxidized to 3mol acetate (C2H3O2 - ) and 1mol CO2. How many mol protons are liberated/consumed in this reaction, and assuming no buffer, will the pH increase or decrease)

Answer:

Gas D

Explanation:

liters at 30 °C

pH determines the acidic or alkaline a solution is using the pH scale, which has a range of 0 to 14. An alkaline pH is greater than 7, while an acidic pH is less than 7.

Thus, The pH of a solution is defined mathematically as the negative logarithm of the molar concentration of hydrogen ions therein.

NaOH is a strong alkaline, as indicated by a pH testing strip, but in order to determine its exact pH, you must first determine its molarity.

A scale known as pH is used to describe how basic or acidic a water-based solution is. Basic solutions have a higher pH than acidic solutions, which have a lower pH.

Thus, pH determines the acidic or alkaline a solution is using the pH scale, which has a range of 0 to 14. An alkaline pH is greater than 7, while an acidic pH is less than 7.

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The pH of HNO₂ is 2.15, pH of NH₄OH is 10.98 and pH of H₂S is 3.76.

pH is defined as the negative logarithm of H⁺ ion concentration.

pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a substance is. In our everyday routine, we encounter and drink many liquids with different pH. Water is a neutral substance. Soda and coffee are often acidic.

The pH is an important property, since it affects how substances interact with one another and with our bodies. In our lakes and oceans, pH determines what creatures are able to survive in the water.

Given,

1. Concentration = 0.1

Ka = 4.5 × 10⁻⁴

\(pH = \frac{1}{2} (pka - log c)\)

pH = 0.5 × ( 3.3 + 1)

= 2.15

2.  Concentration = 0.05

Ka = 1.8 × 10⁻⁵

\(pOH = \frac{1}{2} (pkb - log c)\)

pOH = 0.5 × ( 4.74 + 1.3)

= 3.02

pH = 14 - pOH

= 14 - 3.02

= 10.98

3. Concentration = 0.3

Ka = 1 × 10⁻⁷

\(pH = \frac{1}{2} (pka - log c)\)

pH =  0.5 × ( 7 + 0.52)

= 3.76

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Answer:

Car B has more inertia than Car A

Explanation:

Given that,

Mass of car A = 1500 kg

Mass of car B = 2000 kg

Inertia is directly proportional to the mass of an object. Inertia is the measure of the mass of an object.

In this case, the mass of car B is more than that of car A, it means the inertia of car B is more than that of car A.

Hence, the correct option is (c) "Car B has more inertia than Car A".

The second circle has the greatest number of species diversity .

The term genetic diversity has to do with the existence of different species in a habitat. We know that due to natural selection, only the organisms that have traits that enable them to survive longer and reproduce are better adapted in the ecosystem. Thus, other species may begin to dwindle and even disappear in the ecosystem.

Genetic diversity ensures that there are different species in the habitat. In each circle, we see that the colors represent the different species of the organisms in the habitat. The habitat with the most number of different colors is the habitat that has the greatest magnitude of species diversity.

Hence, the second circle has the greatest number of species diversity as indicated in the image attached to this answer.

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Answer:

Running to catch the bus would be it

Explanation:

because you're running for the others you barly move

The specific heat capacity of the metal is 0.38 J/g°C

The specific heat capacity of a substance is the warmth potential of a sample of the substance divided via the mass of the pattern, additionally on occasion referred to as massic heat potential.

calculation:-

For water

Heat = msΔT

         = 80×4.186(28.4 - 24.8)

         =   80×4.186 × 3.6

          = 1205.57 J

Specific heat for metal

ΔT = 100 - 28.4 = 71.6

Heat = msΔT

 S = Heat/mΔT

    =  1205.57 /44 × 71.6

    = 0.38 J/g°C

Temperature is the degree of the average kinetic energy of the debris in an item. while the temperature will increase, the movement of this debris additionally will increase. Temperature is measured with a thermometer or a calorimeter.

Temperature is just a dimension that indicates the common kinetic energy of 1 atom or molecule. as a result, when we are saying something is warm or bloodless, we're generally using any other reference point to define the hotness and coldness of a frame.

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An increased temperature generally causes a reaction to occur faster rather than slower. Therefore option C is correct.

The increased temperature leads to a higher average kinetic energy of the molecules, which results in more frequent and energetic collisions between the reactant particles.

This increased collision frequency and energy facilitate the breaking of chemical bonds and the formation of new bonds, leading to an accelerated reaction rate.

When the temperature is raised, the kinetic energy of the molecules increases. This means that the individual molecules move faster and possess a greater amount of energy. As a result, the molecules collide more frequently and with higher energy, enhancing the likelihood of successful collisions that lead to a reaction.

In summary, an increased temperature leads to a faster reaction rate by increasing the average kinetic energy of the particles, causing more frequent and energetic collisions.

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If a reaction has a negative ΔG and a positive ΔS, the reaction will be spontaneous at all temperatures.

If a reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures, it implies that the reaction will occur without the need for any external intervention, such as the addition of energy. For a reaction to be spontaneous, it must satisfy the criteria of thermodynamic favorability, which is determined by the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) associated with the reaction.

The relationship between ΔG, temperature (T), and the equilibrium constant (K) of a reaction is described by the equation ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, where ΔH is the change in enthalpy and ΔS is the change in entropy.

To ensure spontaneity at all temperatures, two conditions must be met:

ΔG must be negative: A negative ΔG indicates a thermodynamically favorable reaction, meaning the products have a lower Gibbs free energy than the reactants. If ΔG is negative, the reaction will proceed spontaneously in the forward direction.

ΔS must be positive: A positive ΔS signifies an increase in the overall entropy of the system. Higher entropy means more disorder, and spontaneous reactions often involve an increase in randomness. When ΔS is positive, it can compensate for the enthalpic term, ΔH, allowing the reaction to proceed spontaneously.

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Answer:

To determine the change in mass of A over the given time period, we need to find the difference between the initial mass of A and the final mass of A.

From the given table, we can see that the initial mass of A at t = 0 (start time) is 12.4 g and the final mass of A at t = 60 minutes (end time) is 6.2 g.

Therefore, the change in mass of A over 60 minutes is:

Final mass of A - Initial mass of A

= 6.2 g - 12.4 g

= -6.2 g

The negative sign indicates that the mass of A decreased over time, which means that A underwent some kind of reaction or process that caused it to lose mass.

The change in mass of A over 60 minutes is -6.2 grams.

To determine the change in mass of A over 60 minutes, we need to compare the initial mass to the final mass.

From the given information, we can see that the mass of A decreases over time.

Let's calculate the change in mass.

Initial Mass of A: 12.4 g

Final Mass of A: 6.2 g

Change in Mass of A = Final Mass of A - Initial Mass of A

= 6.2 g - 12.4 g

= -6.2 g

The change in mass of A over 60 minutes is -6.2 grams.

Note that the negative sign indicates a decrease in mass.

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Answer:

d) must remain at 7

Explanation:

The pH of the aqueous solution should be kept at 7 as it is considered to be a neutral pH chemical.

If the pH exceeds the value 7, it is considered alkaline, and without the pH decreases from the value 7, it is considered acidic.

That is why if this value varies, the qualities of the neutral pH will not be maintained.

Answer:

0.583M NaCl

Explanation:

Molarity is an unit of concentration defined as the ratio between moles of solute and liters of solution.

In the puddle, the solute is sodium chloride that is dissolved in water and you have 0.449 moles of NaCl per liter of water

When the solution begins to evaporate, amount of water decreases whereas moles of NaCl remain constant.

As 23% of the water evaporates, amount of water that remains is 100-23 = 77%, that means now you have 0.449 moles of NaCl per 77% of a liter, 0.770L. The new concentration is:

0.449 moles NaCl / 0.770L =

The range of a data set tells us that the difference between the lowest and highest values (option D).

Range in statistics is the length of the smallest interval which contains all the data in a sample i.e. the difference between the largest and smallest observations in the sample.

The range of a data set is a way to measure the central tendency of a data. It is the largest measure or central tendency.

Range describes how well the central tendency represents the data. If the range of a data is large, the central tendency is not as representative of the data as it would be if the range was small.

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Answer:

The amount of heat that must be removed from steam at 100 degrees Celsius to get ice at -273 degrees Celsius can be calculated using the formula for the heat of fusion of water. The heat of fusion of water is approximately 333.55 joules per gram, which means that it takes 333.55 joules of energy to convert 1 gram of liquid water at 0 degrees Celsius to 1 gram of ice at 0 degrees Celsius.

To convert 0.000010 kg of steam at 100 degrees Celsius to ice at -273 degrees Celsius, we must first convert the steam to liquid water at 100 degrees Celsius, which requires the addition of heat. The heat required to do this can be calculated using the specific heat capacity of water, which is approximately 4.186 joules per gram per degree Celsius. The specific heat capacity tells us how much heat is required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.

To convert 0.000010 kg of steam at 100 degrees Celsius to liquid water at 100 degrees Celsius, we would need to add (0.000010 kg) * (100 degrees Celsius) * (4.186 joules/gram/degree Celsius) = 0.004186 joules of heat.

Once the steam has been converted to liquid water, we can then convert the water to ice at -273 degrees Celsius. To do this, we would need to remove (0.000010 kg) * (333.55 joules/gram) = 0.033355 joules of heat.

In total, we would need to remove 0.004186 joules + 0.033355 joules = 0.037541 joules of heat from 0.000010 kg of steam at 100 degrees Celsius to get ice at -273 degrees Celsius.

Explanation:

Answer:

Volume = 3.4 L

Explanation:

In order to calculate the volume of CO₂ produced when 15.2 g of CaCO₃ is heated, we need to first write out the balanced equation of the thermal decomposition of CaCO₃:

CaCO₃ (s) + [Heat] ⇒ CaO (s) + CO₂ (g)

Now, let's calculate the number of moles in 15.2 g CaCO₃:

mole no. = \(\mathrm{\frac{mass}{molar \ mass}}\)

                 = \(\frac{15.2}{40.1 + 12 + (16 \times 3)}\)

                 = 0.1518 moles

From the balanced equation above, we can see that the stoichiometric molar ratios of CaCO₃ and CO₂ are equal. Therefore, the number of moles of CO₂ produced is also 0.1518 moles.

Hence, from the formula for the number of moles of a gas, we can calculate the volume of  CO₂:

mole no. = \(\mathrm{\frac{Volume \ in \ L}{22.4}}\)

⇒ \(0.1518 = \mathrm{\frac{Volume}{22.4}}\)

⇒ Volume = 0.1518 × 22.4

                 = 3.4 L

Therefore, if 15.2 g of CaCO₃ is heated, 3.4 L of CO₂ is produced at STP.

Based on the information provided above, it is likely that the following observations given below were made in the combustion tube when hydrogen gas was passed over heated lead (II) oxide:

In the experiment above, another observation is that the gaseous products of the reaction (water vapor and lead (II) oxide) would have cooled as they moved through the combustion tube, resulting in the formation of a colorless liquid.

Therefore, In order to make more accurate predictions about the observations that would be made in this particular scenario, additional information about the specific conditions of the reaction would be needed to make inform decision

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The current passing through the electrolytic cell is approximately 2.02 x 10^4 Amperes.

To calculate the current in amperes, we need to use Faraday's laws of electrolysis and the stoichiometry of the reaction.

Faraday's laws state that the amount of substance produced or consumed during electrolysis is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity passed through the cell. The relationship is given by:

Q = nF

Where Q is the electric charge in coulombs (C), n is the number of moles of substance involved in the reaction, and F is Faraday's constant, which is equal to 96,485 C/mol.

In this case, the substance being produced is Cl2, and we know the mass of Cl2 produced, which is 4.8 x 10^5 g.

First, we need to calculate the number of moles of Cl2 produced:

Molar mass of Cl2 = 35.45 g/mol

Moles of Cl2 = mass / molar mass = (4.8 x 10^5 g) / (35.45 g/mol) ≈ 1.354 x 10^4 mol

Now we can calculate the quantity of electricity passed through the cell using Faraday's laws:

Q = nF

Q = (\(1.354 x 10^4\)mol) * (96,485 C/mol)

Q ≈ 1.308 x 10^9 C

The quantity of electricity is given in coulombs. To find the current, we need to divide this value by the time in seconds.

Given that the time is 18 hours, we convert it to seconds:

Time = 18 hours * 60 minutes/hour * 60 seconds/minute

Time = 6.48 x 10^4 seconds

Finally, we can calculate the current:

Current (I) = Q / Time

I = (1.308 x 10^9 C) / (6.48 x 10^4 s)

I ≈ 2.02 x 10^4 Amperes

Therefore, the current passing through the electrolytic cell is approximately 2.02 x 10^4 Amperes.

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The Voltage is the pressure from the electrical circuit of the power source that passes the current.

The Voltage is defined as the pressure from the electrical circuit of the power source that will passes the charged electrons that is the current through the conducting loop, it will enable them to do work  because of the illuminating the light. The in simple terms is : voltage = pressure, and it is denoted as the volts and the symbol is the V.

The voltage is described as the force that causes the flow of the charged particles. The Voltage is also called as the electromotive force.

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Ice forms as water is poured onto dry ice is a physical change .

So , option D is correct one .

The physical change is explained in following points ,

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To complete Sally's paragraph of the carbon cycle, the correct words to fill in the blanks are:

Close to the volcano, the carbon dioxide levels could increase. This could be good for plants, because they require carbon dioxide to grow. Over thousands of years when these organisms decay, they could form more limestone. This part of the carbon cycle is an example of how carbon from the atmosphere is used by organisms that eventually become part of the lithosphere.

The carbon cycle is a biogeochemical cycle that describes the movement of carbon through the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. The carbon cycle is one of the most important cycles on Earth, as it is essential for life.

In the paragraph, Sally is describing how the carbon cycle can be affected by volcanoes. When a volcano erupts, it releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This can increase the carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, which can be good for plants. Plants use carbon dioxide to photosynthesize, which is the process by which they convert sunlight into energy.

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Answer:

Explanation:

We can use the equation to find out

E = mc△T

E is the total energy (calories) needed, m for mass, c for specific heat capacity and △T for the temperature change.

Substitute the numbers given

E = 500 x 1 x 10

E =5000

Therefore the answer is 5000CalWe can use the equation to find out

E = mc△T

E is the total energy (calories) needed, m for mass, c for specific heat capacity and △T for the temperature change.

Substitute the numbers given

E = 500 x 1 x 10

E =5000

Therefore the answer is 5000Cal

According to the Foliated Metamorphic Rock Chart slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss can all have the same parent rock (shale) is a true statement.

Slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss are all types of metamorphic rocks that can be formed from shale, which is a sedimentary rock composed of clay and other fine-grained minerals. The specific type of metamorphic rock that is formed from shale depends on the conditions under which the shale undergoes metamorphism, including the temperature, pressure, and presence of fluids.

Slate is a fine-grained metamorphic rock with a uniform, flat surface and a layered structure. It is formed when shale undergoes low-grade metamorphism, which occurs at relatively low temperatures and pressures.

Therefore, Gneiss, on the other hand, is a medium- to coarse-grained metamorphic rock with a banded or wavy texture. It is formed when shale undergoes high-grade metamorphism, which occurs at higher temperatures and pressures.

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Following is the classification of given substances:

Atomic element: Ag

Molecular element: F₂

Molecular compound: CO

Ionic compound: PbI₄

Molecules, groups of two or more atoms that form the smallest identifiable unit that can divide a pure substance and that retain the composition and chemical properties of that substance.

An atom consists of a single positively charged nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. As the atoms approach, the electron clouds interact with each other and with the nucleus. This interaction causes atoms to combine to form molecules when the energy of the entire system is reduced. From a structural point of view, a molecule consists of a collection of atoms joined by valences. A diatomic molecule contains two atoms chemically bonded together. When two atoms are identical, like oxygen (O2) molecules, they form a homonuclear diatomic molecule, but when the atoms are different, like carbon monoxide (CO) molecules, they are heteronuclear. Forms a diatomic molecule. Molecules containing two or more atoms are called polyatomic molecules. B. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). A polymer molecule can contain thousands of constituent atoms.

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The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) provides a standard system for naming organic compounds.

It is essential to learn this nomenclature system to communicate correctly about the chemical structures of compounds and how they relate to each other. Here is the IUPAC name of the following substance.Below is the structure of the given compound: In the given compound, there are four carbon atoms that are connected with single bonds. Carbon atoms are also attached to hydrogen atoms. Since it has four carbons in the main chain, the root name will be "but-". The functional group present in the molecule is the carboxylic acid group (-COOH), which gives the suffix "-oic acid." Therefore, the IUPAC name of the given substance is Butanoic acid.Thus, the IUPAC name of the given compound is Butanoic acid. It is essential to know the IUPAC naming of organic compounds to communicate correctly about the chemical structures of the compounds.

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Answer:

name four agricultural inputs are subsidized by the government

0.297 kJ of heat is needed to raise the temperature of 10g of aluminum from 22 degrees Celsius to 55 degrees Celsius.

The specific heat is the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius.

It is a measure of how much energy it takes to raise the temperature of a substance. It is the amount of heat necessary to raise one mass unit of that substance by one temperature unit.

It is given by the formula -

                                                  Q = mcΔT

where, Q = amount of heat

m = mass

c = specific heat

ΔT = Change in temperature

Given,

mass = 10g

c = 0.901J/g⁰C

Initial temperature (T₁) = 22⁰C

Final Temperature (T₂) = 55⁰C

Q = mcΔT

= 10 × 0.901 × (55 -22)

= 297.33 J = 0.297 kJ

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Explanation:

If the last electron enters the p-orbital after the electron configuration of the element, then that element is called the p-block element. The electron configuration of nitrogen(N) shows that the last electron of nitrogen enters the p-orbital. Therefore, nitrogen is the p-block element.

The molality of the solution is 0.00037 m.

The term concentration refers to the amount of solute in a solution.

We have the following information;

Molarity = 0.335 M

Density =  1.0432 g/mL

Temperature = 20 o C

The molality of the solution is obtained from;

m = 0.335 M ×  1.0432 g/mL/ 1000(1.0432 g/mL) - 0.335 M (342 g/mol)

m = 0.344/1043.2 - 114.57

m =  0.344/928.63

m = 0.00037 m

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