To repair a couple of damaged nucleotides by nucleotide excision repair, in which order do the necessary enzymes act?.
Answers
To repair a couple of damaged nucleotides by nucleotide excision repair, the order in which the necessary enzymes should act is Endonuclease, DNA polymerase I, and DNA ligase.
The fundamental steps in excision repair are: (1) damage recognition; (2) subunit assembly; (3) dual incisions that lead to the excision of the damage-containing oligomer; (4) resynthesize to fill in the gap; and (5) ligation to regenerate an entire molecule.
Mammals mostly repair bulky DNA lesions created by UV light, environmental mutators, and some cancer chemotherapy adducts through a process known as nucleotide excision repair (NER).
The very skin cancer-prone hereditary condition xeroderma pigmentosum is linked to NER deficiency. Diseases including xeroderma pigmentosum, which include skin cancer and developmental and neurological problems, are linked to mutations in genes on the nucleotide excision repair pathway.
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Related Questions
GENERAL SCIENCE WORK SHEET FOR GRADE 8 Choose the best Answer 2. A. Ecologist Among the following factors of an ecosystem which 3. To which trophic level do primary consumers belong? A 5 The inner most layer of the suns atmosphere is called the A photosphere Which of the following is not the inner planet in the solar system? D. Venus 7 in Nech sar National park, lions kill and eat Zebras predation All the plants and animals and level of organization ter light.com
Answers
To which trophic level do primary consumers belong - second trophic level
The innermost layer of the sun's atmosphere is called the - Photosphere
Which of the following is not the inner planet in the solar system - Jupiter
All the plants and animals and level of organization - Ecosystem
Lions kill and eat Zebrasm - predation
What is an ecosystem?An ecosystem is a community of living organisms and their physical and chemical environment interacting as a system. It includes all the living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of a particular environment, such as a forest, grassland, aquatic habitat, or even a city.
The components of an ecosystem interact with each other through various biological, physical, and chemical processes, and the balance of these interactions is essential for the overall health and survival of the ecosystem. Examples of ecosystems include coral reefs, rainforests, and deserts.
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How does virus and bacterial infections each affect healthy body cells?
Answers
The virus infections happens when a virus gets past the physical barriers of the body (skin, mucus, and so on) and infect a suitable cell, the virus take the genetic machinery of the host cell to replicate, damaging that cell and making more virus that will do the same process with other suitable cells. After the virus use all the cell potential, it will kill the cell and release all the virus that were in the cytoplasm of the host. While bacterial infections have more autonomy, being not necessary the integral machinery of the cell to multiply in the host body, it can act in differrebt ways, such as: crowd out the host tissue and disrupt the function, killing the cells or tissues outright, destroy the metabolic machinery, cause a massive toxic reaction in the immune system, and release toxins that can make the body stop all their functions at once (paralyze the metabolic and general system of the host).
Genetic material within the nucleus of a cell is typically arranged as ____________ , or long, tangled collections of DNA and proteins.
Answers
Answer:
chromatin
Explanation:
The organisms that are capable of converting carbon dioxide into glucose are called:
a. primary consumers.
b. primary producers.
c. heterotrophs.
d. secondary consumers.
Answers
The correct answer is b. primary producers.
Primary producers are organisms that are capable of converting inorganic compounds, such as carbon dioxide and water, into organic compounds through the process of photosynthesis. This process involves using energy from sunlight to synthesize organic molecules, such as glucose, which can be used as a source of energy by other organisms in the ecosystem. Examples of primary producers include plants, algae, and some bacteria.
In contrast, primary consumers are organisms that consume the primary producers, while secondary consumers consume the primary consumers. Heterotrophs are organisms that obtain their food by consuming other organisms or organic matter, as opposed to autotrophs which are able to produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
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•Science
analysis of disease resulting from nutrient deficiency
Answers
Hello user,
The answer is Protein Energy Malnutrition ( PEM )
hope it helps you ...
These plants have free-living gametophytes and free-living sporophytes. The sporophyte generation is dominant and larger than the gametophyte generation. There is one type of spore, and the gametophyte generation grows outside of the spore wall. Which plant or plants am I describing? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY) 000000000 Ferns Cycads Selaginella Lycopodium Conifers Ginkgo Hornworts Mosses Angiosperms 3 pts Liverworts
Answers
The correct answers are: Ferns, Hornworts, Mosses, and Liverworts.
The plants that fit the given description are:
Ferns: Ferns have free-living gametophytes and free-living sporophytes. The sporophyte generation is dominant and larger than the gametophyte generation. Ferns produce one type of spore, and the gametophyte generation grows outside of the spore wall.Horworts: Hornworts also have free-living gametophytes and free-living sporophytes. The sporophyte generation is dominant and larger than the gametophyte generation. Hornworts produce one type of spore, and the gametophyte generation grows outside of the spore wall.Mosses: Mosses have free-living gametophytes and free-living sporophytes. The sporophyte generation is dominant and larger than the gametophyte generation. Mosses produce one type of spore, and the gametophyte generation grows outside of the spore wall.Liverworts: Liverworts also have free-living gametophytes and free-living sporophytes. The sporophyte generation is dominant and larger than the gametophyte generation. Liverworts produce one type of spore, and the gametophyte generation grows outside of the spore wall.Therefore, the correct answers are: Ferns, Hornworts, Mosses, and Liverworts.
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IMPORTANT!1! DUE TOMORROW
Explain how 38 ATP are produced through the process of aerobic cellular respiration. Be sure to include the major energetic events in glycolysis, the conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
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what are the three identifying characteristics of stem cells.
Answers
How are red blood cells adapted to contain as
much haemoglobin as possible?
(Middle School)
Answers
Answer:
Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, are adapted to contain as much hemoglobin as possible, which is the protein that binds to oxygen and carries it to the body's tissues.
Biconcave shape: The biconcave shape of red blood cells increases the surface area to volume ratio, allowing for more hemoglobin to be packed into each cell.No nucleus: Red blood cells do not have a nucleus, which allows for more space for hemoglobin.Flexibility: Red blood cells are flexible and can change shape to squeeze through narrow capillaries, maximizing the amount of hemoglobin that can be delivered to the body's tissues.Short lifespan: Red blood cells have a short lifespan of about 120 days, after which they are removed from the body. This short lifespan allows for a continuous turnover of new cells with fresh hemoglobin.
Which of the following is true regarding crossover and mutation in genetic algorithm? Group of answer choicesa.Crossover rate is usually low; mutation rate is usually high.b.Both crossover rate and mutation rate are usually high.c.Both crossover rate and mutation rate are usually low.d.Crossover rate is usually high; mutation rate is usually low.
Answers
In a genetic algorithm, crossover refers to the process of combining genetic information from two parent solutions to create a new offspring solution, while mutation refers to the process of randomly changing some of the genetic information in a solution.
The crossover rate refers to the probability of performing crossover in a population, while the mutation rate refers to the probability of performing mutationThe answer is the crossover rate is usually high, while the mutation rate is usually low. This is because crossover helps to explore different combinations of genetic information, leading to a diverse population of solutions, while mutation helps to introduce small changes that can improve the fitness of solutions that are already good. However, if the mutation rate is too high, it can lead to too much random variation and prevent convergence to optimal solutions. Therefore, a balance between crossover and mutation rates is important for successful genetic algorithm optimization.
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plz help me on science due today
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Wind is caused by inequal heating. As you should have learned, things expand when they get hot and contract when they get cold. So, the high pressure hot air flows into the low pressure cold air via wind.
GIVING OUT BRAINLIEST
Which two kinds of information would best help describe the climate of
Memphis?
O A. The average amount of rain in March in Memphis between 1980
and 2010
B. The humidity pattern in Memphis over 30 years
O c. The air pressure in Memphis on October 14 last year
O D. The predicted temperatures in Memphis for next April 5 - 10
Answers
ASAP both questions please
1. During cell division in a plant cell you would not expect to see a
A. Centriole
B. Spindle
C. Cell plate
D. Chromosome
2. A twig from a willow tree placed in a bucket of water will soon sprout roots and can be planted to produce a new tree. This is an example of
A. Asexual reproduction
B. Sexual reproduction
C. Budding
D. Binary fission
Answers
Answer:
1)centriole
2)asexual reproduction
Why is respiration essential for living things?
Answers
Answer:it is need so the exchange of gases can take place.
Explanation:
Many of the drugs of abuse share the tendency to increase levels of which neurotransmitter in the brain?
Select one:
a.
Melatonin
b.
GABA
c.
Serotonin
d.
Dopamine
Answers
Answer: Dopamine
Explanation:
Drugs of abuse such as methamphetamine and morphine increase the levels of dopamine in the central nervous system. Dopamine has a variety of functions but functions mainly in motivation and reward mechanism. People doing drugs of abuse create a pleasurable sensation in which there is a dopamine surge every time they use drugs. In the absence of drugs, the body "looks" for the pleasure thereby causing the person to be drug-dependent and addicted.
Drugs of abuse that are commonly abused by people are alcohol, cocaine, MA, heroin, marijuana, nicotine.
Most of these drugs increase the level of dopamine in the brain.
Dopamine is an amine neurotransmitter which generates feelings of pleasure and thus creates a sense of euphoria.
Further, this neurotransmitter is also responsible for reward behavior and thus generates a feeling of satisfaction in the abuser.
Please give a thanks or 5 stars if this helped!
Answer: D. Dopamine
Explanation:
Dopamine is the neurotransmitter that has been classically associated with the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse and may have a key role in triggering the neurobiological changes associated with addiction.
What is the correct order of events:
Select all that apply
a. Lining up on metaphase plate,
b. Crossing over
c. Chromosome condenses
d. Pairing up to form tetrad
e. Homologous chromosome separate
Answers
The correct order of events is: c. Chromosome condenses, d. Pairing up to form tetrad, b. Crossing over, a. Lining up on metaphase plate, e. Homologous chromosomes separate
During meiosis, the process of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and egg cells), several key events occur in a specific order.
Chromosome condenses (c): Before any interactions or movements, the chromosomes condense, becoming more compact and visible under a microscope.
Pairing up to form tetrad (d): Homologous chromosomes, which are similar but not identical, come together and pair up to form a structure called a tetrad. This pairing is important for the exchange of genetic material.
Crossing over (b): Within the tetrad, segments of DNA can be exchanged between the paired chromosomes. This phenomenon is known as crossing over and results in the genetic recombination between homologous chromosomes.
Lining up on metaphase plate (a): The tetrads line up along the metaphase plate, a structure in the cell where chromosomes align during metaphase. This alignment ensures proper separation of chromosomes during later stages of meiosis.
Homologous chromosomes separate (e): During anaphase, the homologous chromosomes separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell. This separation ensures that each resulting gamete receives only one copy of each chromosome.
By following this sequence of events, meiosis ensures the proper distribution of genetic material and contributes to genetic diversity in offspring.
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Discuss how compounds in different types of organisms can be used to benefit people.
Answers
Answer:
There are different aggravates that can be gotten from the living species. These mixes are significantly utilized as medications. Different analysts are performing work to decide the mixes found in the living species that might be helpful to people. They examine a few of the large number of mixes and select just those that show the alluring highlights.
There are different substance mixes found in living creatures, which can help in bettering human wellbeing. The common mixes are utilized in unmistakable societies for a large number of years. On specific events they are used as medications, the great representation is the utilization of penicillin, that is, a compound acquired from a parasite, and is broadly utilized as the most readily accessible anti-infection. Like this there are different meds, which are acquired from plants.
Explanation:
Select the two prepositional phrases.
A British biotechnology firm is experimenting with genetically modified mosquitoes to
combat dengue fever, a mosquito-borne illness that threatens the lives of millions.
Submit
Work it out
Answers
The two prepositional phrases in the sentence are "with genetically modified mosquitoes" and "to combat dengue fever".
The prepositional phrases in the sentence "A British biotechnology firm is experimenting with genetically modified mosquitoes to combat dengue fever, a mosquito-borne illness that threatens the lives of millions" are: "with genetically modified mosquitoes" and "to combat dengue fever".
Prepositional phrases are groups of words consisting of a preposition, its object, and any words that modify that object.
They function as adjectives or adverbs, and they often provide additional information about the subject, verb, or object in a sentence.In the given sentence, "with genetically modified mosquitoes" and "to combat dengue fever" are the two prepositional phrases.
"With" is the preposition in the first phrase, "mosquitoes" is its object, and "genetically modified" modifies "mosquitoes".
Similarly, "to" is the preposition in the second phrase, "combat" is its object, and "dengue fever" is the object of the infinitive "to combat".
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how do chloroplast support its function?
Answers
What are some of the advantages of understanding how the different
components of cells work?
Answers
Answer:
By understanding how cells work in healthy and diseased states, cell biologists working in animal, plant and medical science will be able to develop new vaccines, more effective medicines, plants with improved qualities and through increased knowledge a better understanding of how all living things live.
Explanation:
blood flow between the systemic circuit and the pulmonary circuits is considered to be:
Answers
Blood flow between the systemic circuit and the pulmonary circuit is considered to be essential for the proper functioning of the cardiovascular system.
The systemic circuit involves blood flow from the heart to the body's organs and tissues, while the pulmonary circuit involves blood flow between the heart and lungs. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the pulmonary circuit, while nutrients and waste products are exchanged in the systemic circuit.
The heart plays a crucial role in facilitating this blood flow by pumping blood through the two circuits. Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs is pumped through the left side of the heart and into the systemic circuit. Oxygen-poor blood from the body is pumped through the right side of the heart and into the pulmonary circuit for oxygenation.
Any disruptions in this blood flow can lead to various cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, pulmonary embolism, and hypertension. It is therefore crucial to maintain a healthy cardiovascular system by exercising regularly, eating a balanced diet, and avoiding risk factors such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
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Mack's guatar fabrication shop producns low cost, highly durable guatars for beginners. Typicaly, out of the 100 gutars that begin productioh each monthy only 78 percent are considered good enous to sell. The other 22. percent are scrapped due to qually problems that are lidentfed after they have completed the production process. Each gular sels for $240. Becaute some of the production pecoss is automaled, esch gutar only requites 8 labor hours. Each enployee works an averoge of 160 hours per month. Labor is pald at 39 per hour, materials coat is $39 per gutay, and overtiest is $4.200. a. The labor productily rato for Mack's guitar Labrication shop is 5 per hour. (Enter your response rounded to fap decimal places.) b. Ahar some shady, the operation manager Darren Funk recommends 3 optons to improve the conpany's mulfasko productily. * Option ti increase the sales price by 15 percent - Option 2: impeove qualy so that eny 15 percent are sefective, er > Opton 3 reduce labor, materials, and overthead costs by 15 percont Finter your respone nounded to tak decimal places)
Answers
a. The labor productivity ratio for Mack's guitar fabrication shop is approximately 0.5 guitars per hour. b. The new sales price per guitar would be $276, the new percentage of guitars considered good enough to sell would be 85% and the new costs per guitar would be $ 33.15.
a) In order to calculate the labor productivity ratio,
Labor Productivity Ratio = Number of Guitars Produced / Total Labor Hours
Labor Productivity Ratio = 78 guitars / (160 hours/employee)
Labor Productivity Ratio = 0.4875 guitars per hour
Rounding to one decimal place, the labor productivity ratio for Mack's guitar fabrication shop is approximately 0.5 guitars per hour.
b) Option 1: Increasing the sales price by 15%:
The new sales price per guitar would be $240 + (15% of $240) = $276.
Option 2: Improving quality so that only 15% are defective:
The new percentage of guitars considered good enough to sell would be 100% - 15% = 85%.
Option 3: Reducing labor, materials, and overhead costs by 15%:
The new costs per guitar would be $39 - (15% of $39) = $33.15.
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Which two body systems interact to produce antibodies that require essential amino acids?.
Answers
The two body systems that interact to produce antibodies that require essential amino acids are the immune system and the digestive system. Proteins consumed in the diet are broken down into their constituent amino acids during digestion. These amino acids, along with glucose-regulated by insulin, are then absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to various tissues, including the immune system, where they are used for antibody production.
The immune system is responsible for producing antibodies that help the body fight off diseases. Antibodies are proteins that are composed of amino acids. Therefore, the immune system requires amino acids to produce antibodies. The digestive system, on the other hand, is responsible for breaking down food into nutrients that can be absorbed by the body, including essential amino acids that cannot be produced by the body itself. These amino acids are transported to the immune system to produce antibodies.
The immune system is responsible for producing antibodies that help the body fight off diseases. Antibodies are proteins that are composed of amino acids. Therefore, the immune system requires amino acids to produce antibodies. The digestive system, on the other hand, is responsible for breaking down food into nutrients that can be absorbed by the body, including essential amino acids that cannot be produced by the body itself. These amino acids are transported to the immune system to produce antibodies.
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& A scientist is writing a grant proposal to study a portion of the hydrosphere. Which is she most likely to be interested in?
glacier
volcano
oxygen
plants
Answers
Glaciers are typically of interest to a scientist preparing a grant request to explore a particular region of the hydrosphere.
The area of the Earth's surface where water occurs in all of its forms is known as the hydrosphere. This includes groundwater, glaciers, rivers, lakes, seas, and atmospheric water vapour. The Earth's climate, weather patterns, and overall ecosystem health are all shaped by the hydrosphere, a dynamic system. In the water cycle, which is the continual flow of water between the Earth's surface, atmosphere, and subsurface reservoirs, it also plays a significant part. Water quality, aquatic ecosystems, sea level rise, and the effects of human activity on the planet's water resources are just a few of the subjects that scientists who study the hydrosphere could be interested in.
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Decreased levels of bile salts in the bile would interfere with:
a. protein digestion.
b. fat digestion.
c. digestion of disaccharides.
d. digestion of complex carbohydrates.
e. digestion of vitamins.
Answers
Bile salts are a critical component of bile, which is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. The correct answer is B. Fat digestion.
When food containing fat enters the small intestine, the gallbladder releases bile into the duodenum. Bile salts within the bile help to break down the large fat droplets into smaller droplets, increasing their surface area and allowing pancreatic lipase to more effectively break them down into fatty acids and glycerol.
If there are decreased levels of bile salts in the bile, it would interfere with fat digestion, as the bile would not be as effective at emulsifying the fats. This could lead to malabsorption of fats, which can cause a variety of symptoms including diarrhea, bloating, and weight loss. Additionally, decreased bile salt levels could also affect the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, such as vitamins A, D, E, and K, which are necessary for a range of functions in the body.
Decreased bile salt levels would not have a significant impact on protein digestion, digestion of disaccharides, or digestion of complex carbohydrates, as these processes do not rely on bile salts for their effectiveness. However, the role of bile salts in fat digestion is critical, and any decrease in their levels could have significant consequences for overall digestive health.
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The "master controller" gland is the _____. thyroid adrenal pituitary thalamus
Answers
Answer:
Hypothalamus is the correct answer to the given question.
Explanation:
Hypothalamus in the brain is the tiny portion of the mind also the Hypothalamus is situated at the foot of the nervous system .The Hypothalamus is just next to the pituitary gland. Hypothalamus is produced by a variety of nucleus as well as the nervous fibers. It's own neuronal links
The main objective of Hypothalamus is to hormonal fluctuation as well as controlling the temperature of the body.All the other option is not the master controller gland that's why these are incorrect option .Answer:
The pituitary gland is the master controller gland.
Explanation:
I just did this: The pituitary gland is sometimes called the "master" gland of the endocrine system because it controls the functions of many of the other endocrine glands.
Which group of protists would be most likely to have cilia as adults and why? The sporozoan protists would, since they have to spread their spores around. The heterotrophic protists would, since they use them to gather food. The parasitic protists would, since they need to find other organisms to attack. The autotrophic protists would, since they need light to make their own food.
Answers
The organisms that do not belong to the plants, animals and fungi are called protists. The heterotrophic protists would be most likely to have cilia as adults.
What are heterotrophic protists?Protists are eukaryotic organism that can be a parasite and is found generally in moist and aquatic environment. They have cilia when they are adults.
They have cilia as they are heterotrophic and can not prepare their own food like paramecium. The cilia structure helps them in generating currents that drive the food and help them in the locomotion of the organisms.
Therefore, option B. heterotrophic protists have cilia to gather food.
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Answer:
The heterotrophic protists would, since they use them to gather food.
Explanation:
Which animals male reproductive organ is actually one of its arms?
Answers
Use the image below to answer items a and b.
The cells in this image of the microscope's field of view are most likely from a(n) ?
Α - bacterium
B - plant
C - protist
D - fungus
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
i go with A is that okay?
huh
HELP ME SOMEONE PLSss
Answers
Answer:
I think it's a or D I'm not sure