In the case of a tree graph, the Breadth-First Search (BFS) strategy will reach the given node faster compared to the Depth-First Search (DFS) strategy.
BFS explores the graph in a breadth-first manner, meaning it visits all the nodes at the current depth level before moving on to the next level. In a tree graph, this allows BFS to reach the given node faster because it explores the nodes layer by layer, starting from the root.
Since there are no cycles in a tree, BFS will visit all nodes in the shortest path from the root to the target node. It guarantees finding the target node in the minimum number of steps or levels.
On the other hand, DFS explores the graph in a depth-first manner, meaning it traverses as far as possible along each branch before backtracking. While DFS may also eventually reach the target node in a tree graph, it may need to traverse through unnecessary branches and reach deeper levels before finding the target. This can result in a longer path compared to BFS.
Therefore, in a tree graph, BFS is more efficient for reaching a specific node faster because it systematically explores the nodes layer by layer, ensuring the shortest path to the target node.
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What is the eye an example of?
sense organ
stimulus
a relay neuron
sens organ is the eye example
In the evolution of programming language paradigms towards software-oriented-computing (SOC), which specifications are added by the object-oriented programming paradigm? Select all that apply.
1-Encapsulation
2-Abstract data types
3-Synchronization
4-Dynamic/lazy binding
A-1-2-3
B-2-3-4
C-1-3-4
D-1-2-4
The specifications added by the object-oriented programming paradigm in the evolution of programming language paradigms towards software-oriented-computing (SOC) are: 1- Encapsulation, 2- Abstract data types, and 3- Synchronization.
The correct answer to the question is: A-1-2-3
In the evolution of programming language paradigms towards software-oriented-computing (SOC), the object-oriented programming paradigm adds several specifications. These specifications include: Encapsulation: This is a principle that enables bundling of data and methods together into a single unit called an object. Encapsulation helps in data hiding, where the internal details of an object are hidden from the outside world. It allows for better organization and modularity of code.
Abstract data types: Object-oriented programming allows for the creation of abstract data types (ADTs). An ADT is a data type that is defined by the behavior of its operations rather than its implementation. It provides a high-level interface for interacting with data, without exposing the underlying implementation details. This promotes code reusability and maintainability. Synchronization: Object-oriented programming languages provide mechanisms for synchronization, which ensure that multiple threads or processes can access shared data in a coordinated manner. Synchronization helps in preventing race conditions and maintaining data integrity in concurrent programming.
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Help!!
Which of the following describes the first and foremost guideline in dimensioning?
A. Legibility
B. Measurement
C. Accuracy
D. Sketching
Answer:
it should be accuracy
Explanation:
Answer:
option C
Explanation:
Write an application that presents two buttons and a label to the user. Label the buttons Increment and Decrement respectively. Display a numeric value initially 50) using the label. Each time the Increment button is pushed, increment the value displayed. Likewise, each time the Decrement button is pressed decrement the value displayed
To create an application with two buttons (Increment and Decrement) and a label to display a numeric value (initially 50), you can use a graphical user interface (GUI) framework like PyQt or Tkinter in Python.
How can I develop an interactive GUI application in Python to increment and decrement a numeric value?To create an application with the desired functionality, you can use a GUI framework like PyQt or Tkinter in Python. Here's a step-by-step explanation:
1. First, import the necessary modules from the chosen GUI framework.
2. Create a main application window and define its dimensions.
3. Add a label widget to display the numeric value (initialize it with 50).
4. Create two button widgets, one labeled "Increment" and the other "Decrement".
5. Define event handlers for button clicks. In the event handler for the "Increment" button, increment the displayed value by 1. In the event handler for the "Decrement" button, decrement the displayed value by 1.
6. Connect the event handlers to the corresponding buttons.
7. Run the application's main event loop to capture user interactions and update the display accordingly.
That's it! With these steps, you can create an application that presents two buttons (Increment and Decrement) and a label to display a numeric value, allowing the user to increment or decrement the value with each button click.
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YALL BETTER NOT SPAM ME I WILL CALL THE COMPANY ON YALL
Answer:
I looked at the comments said oh h e double hockey sticks no
Explanation:
A plant might be emitting some dangerous pollutants that are environmentally harmful, but completely eliminating them would be so expensive that the plant would have to close, throwing many local inhabitants out of work. Assuming there is an obligation both to preserve jobs and to protect the environment. What is the best technique that should be used to resolve this problem?
Select one:
a. The convergence and divergence techniques
b. The Utilitarian approach
c. The creative middle way
d. The line drawing technique
Answer: c. The creative middle way
Explanation:
As there is both an obligation to preserve jobs and to protect the environment, a creative middle way which involves compromise would be most effective.
The company involved should process and remove the worst pollutants alone while leaving others so that the process will not be so expensive that they have to close down.
They will do this till a better and more environmentally beneficial solution can be found at which point they can then clean up the previous pollutants with the hope that they have not irrecoverably damaged the environment.
cintormation What are the steps the computer follows to process data?
The process of data processing by a computer involves several steps that take place in a specific order. The first step is inputting the data into the computer system. This can be done through various devices such as keyboards, scanners, or touchscreens. Once the data is entered into the computer, it is stored in the memory for further processing.
The second step is processing the data. This involves the use of the central processing unit (CPU) which performs mathematical and logical operations on the data. The CPU retrieves the instructions from the memory and executes them, which results in the desired output.
The third step is storing the output data. Once the CPU has processed the data, the result is stored in the memory. The output can be in various forms such as text, images, or sound.
The fourth step is displaying the output. The output is displayed on the screen, printer, or other output devices depending on the nature of the data and the desired format.
Finally, the last step is transmitting the output. If the output is required to be sent to another system or device, it is transmitted using various modes such as email, internet, or other networks.
Overall, these steps are followed in a sequential order to ensure efficient and accurate data processing by the computer. The speed and accuracy of the process depend on the hardware and software components of the computer system, as well as the complexity of the data being processed.
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Type the correct answer in the box. Spell all words correctly.
A genetically engineered hormone, , can treat Mary’s child for growth hormone deficiencies by stimulating body growth and increasing muscle mass.
Answer:
recombinant human growth
Explanation:
Answer:
recombinant human growth
Explanation:
yes
Which documents are required to be carried aboard each domestic air carrier flight?
Answer:
Completed load manifest, dispatch release and flight plan
Hi all any one help me??
Answer:
Explanation:
sorry i dont know
The criminal and traffic code requires that a driver must have a valid driver's license in his/her
immediate possession at any time when operating a motor vehicle.
True
False
Answer:
true
Explanation:
the answer is true because if u don't have a valid license when operating a vehicle and you get pulled over you will get in trouble i know this because my parents got in trouble for it once
As an engineer who has just finished taking engineering materials course, your first task is to investigate the causes of an automobile accident. Your findings show that the right rear wheel has broken off at the axle. The axle is bent. The fracture surface reveals a Chevron pattern pointing toward the surface of the axle. Suggest a possible cause for the fracture and why?
Answer is given below
Explanation:
Evidence shows that the axle was not broken before the accident, while the clumsy axle meant that the wheel was still attached when the load was applied. This indicates that the Chevron prototype wheel suffered a severe impact shock, which caused the failure of the transmission to the axle. Preliminary evidence suggests that the driver lost control and crashed. Further examination of the surface, microstructure and structure and characteristics of the fracture can be modified if the axle is properly preparedpart 91, subpart f prescribes operating rules governing the operation of large airplanes, turbojet-powered multiengine civil airplanes, and fractional ownership program aircraft not involving common carriage. the rules of this part do not apply to operations that are required to adhere to regulations under:
Large aircraft, turbojet-powered multiengine civil aircraft, and fractional ownership program aircraft are all subject to the operating regulations outlined in part 91, subpart F. Operations needed to comply with requirements under: are not subject to the rules of this component : Part 121, 125, 129, 135, and 137,
An air-breathing jet engine, the turbojet is frequently found in airplanes. It is made up of a gas turbine and a nozzle for propulsion. The gas turbine has a compressor, a combustion chamber, a turbine, and an air inlet with inlet guiding vanes (that drives the compressor). Fuel combustion in the combustion chamber heats the compressed air from the compressor before allowing it to expand via the turbine. The propelling nozzle expands the turbine exhaust, which is subsequently accelerated to a high speed to provide push. In the late 1930s, two engineers, Hans von Ohain in Germany and Frank Whittle in the United Kingdom, independently developed the idea into workable engines. Turbojets are only helpful in aviation because of their poor efficiency at low vehicle speeds. In rare instances, turbojet engines have been utilized to power vehicles other than airplanes, usually in an effort to break land speed records. When a vehicle is "turbine-powered," it most often means it has a turboshaft engine, a modified gas turbine engine that uses a second turbine to power a revolving output shaft. These are typical in hovercrafts and helos. On Concorde and the longer-range versions of the TU-144, which had to spend a lot of time travelling supersonically, turbojets were used.
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Identify how slip affects the strength of a metal
My answer says there is a link but not,there isn’t so here a photo of my answer.
Question 6 (1 point)
Beverly is using active listening with her client. What is one thing that she might do?
A. Quickly move the discussion to another topic.
B. Repeat what the client says.
C. Speak at the same time as her client.
D. Engage in physical activity while listening.
It helps in Repeat what the client says. We know that active listening helps to ensure that the listener has correctly understood the message and provides an opportunity for the speaker to clarify any misunderstandings.
What is active listening?
Active listening involves fully concentrating on what the speaker is saying, understanding the message being conveyed, and then providing feedback to the speaker to confirm understanding.
One way to provide feedback and confirm understanding is to repeat or paraphrase what the client says.
Active listening is a communication technique that involves actively focusing on the speaker, paying close attention to what they are saying, and providing feedback to confirm understanding.
In the context of the given question, Beverly is likely using active listening with her client.
By repeating what the client says, Beverly is confirming her understanding of the message and giving the client an opportunity to clarify any misunderstandings.
This approach can help to build trust and rapport between Beverly and her client, and create a more positive and productive communication environment.
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When judging the authority of a website, which of the following is *NOT* a judgment criterion?
Question 3 options:
a. Author information is provided
b. Affiliation
c. Layout of content
d. Accuracy
e. Type of URL
When judging the authority of a website, an element which is not a judgment criterion include the following: C. layout of content.
What is a website?In Computer technology, a website can be defined as a collective name which connotes a series of webpages that are interconnected and linked together with the same domain name, in order to provide certain information to end users.
Generally speaking, the judgment criteria that should be used in judging the authority of a website include the following:
Author information is providedAffiliationAccuracyType of uniform resource locator (URL).In conclusion, the layout of content is not a judgment criterion for judging the authority of a website.
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what is the best glide speed for your training airplane
1.5 nautical miles per 1,000 feet
need urgent help!!
Determine the point(s) P on the line e with equation x−6 = ( y−3)/4 = ( 1−z)/3
for which the line connecting P with Q(2, −6, 5) is perpendicular to e.
The quartiles divide a set of observations into four portions, each representing 25% of the observations, together with the minimum and maximum values of the data set. The interquartile range, a measurement of variation around the median, is calculated using quartiles.
How are quartiles determined?In order to quartile a set of data with n items (numbers), we choose the n/4th, n/2nd, and n/4th items. Interpolation between the adjacent items is used if indexes n/4, n/2, or 3n/4 are not integers.For instance, the first quartile Q1 of ordered data is the 25th item, the second quartile Q2 is the 50th item, and the third quartile Q3 is the 75th item. The fourth quartile Q4 would be the highest item of data, and the zeroth quartile Q0 would be the minimum item; however, these extreme quartiles are referred to as the minimum and maximum of a set, respectively.Calculation:Statistical file: {2, -6, 5}
Quartile Q1: -6
Quartile Q2: 2
Quartile Q3: 5.
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Using a definition of the limit of function, prove that the following functions are continuous
at = 0:
) () = 1 − 2 + 52, 0 = 1
Answer:
... you gotta do divson?
Explanation:
After previewing and cleaning your data, you determine what variables are most relevant to your analysis. Your main focus is on Rating, Cocoa.Percent, and Company. You decide to use the select() function to create a new data frame with only these three variables. Assume the first part of your code is: trimmed_flavors_df <- flavors_df \% >%
Add the code chunk that lets you select the three variables. What company appears in row 1 of your tibble? a. Videri b. Soma c. A Morin d. Rogue
The code chunk that lets you select the three variables is flavors df%>% trimmed flavors df%>%
Add the code chunk that allows you to choose between the three variables.
select(Rating, Cocoa.Percent, Company.Location)You use the code chunk choose to select the three variables (Rating, Cocoa.Percent, Company.Location). The relevant code has been deleted. df% flavors and _flavors df% In percentages, choose (Rating, Cocoa.Percent, Company.Location). In this portion of code, you may use the pick() method to choose certain variables for your new data frame.The names of the variables to be selected are supplied as input to select (). Cocoa rating, proportion, and location.The firm's location France is listed in the first row of your tibble.
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Which wheel alignment term describes the way that the front wheels align themselves with the rear wheels when the car is moving in straight line
Answer:
Thrust angle
Explanation:
The term that describes the way that the front wheels align themselves with the rear wheels when the car is moving in a straight line is called "thrust angle."
Thrust angle refers to the angle between the geometric centerline of the rear axle and the centerline of the vehicle. When a vehicle is properly aligned, the thrust angle should be parallel to the vehicle's centerline, which ensures that the front wheels are also aligned with the rear wheels and the vehicle moves in a straight line.
However, if the thrust angle is not properly aligned, the front wheels will not track straight ahead and the vehicle may pull to one side or the other. In these cases, a wheel alignment service may be necessary to adjust the thrust angle and ensure proper alignment.
Which best explains Susan B Anthony purpose in her speech “Women’s rights to the suffrage”
Answer:
She wrote and delivered a speech in 1873, which came to be known as the “Women's Rights to the Suffrage” speech. In her address, she lets the audience know of her “crime” of voting. She reminds the listener that the Constitution of the United States says “we the people” and does not exclude women as people
Answer:
D. To show why she was justified in voting.
Explanation:
Technician A says that ultra-high-strength steels (UHSS) are generally defined as those steels with tensile strengths greater than 700 MPa.
Technician B says that advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) are generally defined as those steels with tensile strengths from 375 MPa up to 1700
Who is right?
O A only
OB only
O Both A and B
O Neither A norb
Table of Contents
Explain why a project team would choose to prepare a low-fidelity version of a Web site design using sticky notes
A project team may choose to prepare a low-fidelity version of a website design using sticky notes for several reasons:
Sticky notes allow for quick and easy changes. Since they are easy to move around and modify, the team can iterate on the design quickly, making adjustments and improvements without investing significant time or resources. This promotes an iterative design process, enabling the team to refine and enhance the design rapidly.Collaboration and Communication: Sticky notes facilitate collaboration and communication among team members. They can be easily placed on a whiteboard or a wall, allowing everyone to visualize and discuss the design together. Team members can share their ideas, suggestions, and feedback by directly manipulating the sticky notes, fostering effective communication and collaboration within the team.Low Cost and Accessibility: Sticky notes are affordable and readily available, making them a cost-effective option for creating prototypes. Compared to digital design tools or high-fidelity prototypes, sticky notes are inexpensive and accessible to all team members, regardless of their technical expertise. This inclusivity encourages participation from different stakeholders and promotes a diverse range of perspectives during the design process.Focus on Conceptual Design: Low-fidelity designs with sticky notes primarily focus on the conceptual aspects of the website, such as layout, content organization, and user flow. By avoiding intricate details or visual aesthetics, the team can concentrate on the fundamental structure and functionality of the design. This allows for early validation and testing of design concepts before investing significant time and resources in higher-fidelity prototypes.Emphasis on User Experience: Sticky notes enable the team to simulate user interactions and test the usability of the design. By physically moving and rearranging the sticky notes, the team can simulate user flows and assess the user experience. This hands-on approach allows for early identification of potential usability issues, leading to design improvements and a better user experience.
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A rectangular channel 3 m wide carries 4 m3/s of water at a depth of 1.5 m. If an obstruction 15 cm high is placed across the channel, calculate the elevation of the water surface over the obstruction. What is the maximum height of the obstruction that will not cause a rise in the water surface upstream
Answer:
the elevation of the water surface over the obstruction is highest at 1.341 m
the maximum height of the obstruction h = 0.159 m
Explanation:
From the given information:
The diagrammatic expression for the water profile showing a rectangular channel with 3 cm width carrying a 4 m3/s of water at a depth of 1.5 m with an obstruction 15 cm high is placed across the channel can be seen in the diagram attached below.
To calculate the elevation of the water surface over the obstruction, we need to determine the following:
a. the velocity of the channel
b. the froude number at the upstream of the obstruction
c. the specific energy level
To start with the velocity V of the channel.
\(V_1 = \dfrac{Q}{A} \\ \\ V_1 = \dfrac{4 \ m^3/s}{(3 \times 1.5 ) m^2 } \\ \\ V_1 = \dfrac{4 \ m^3/s}{4.5 \ m^2}\)
\(V_1 = 0.88 \ m/sec\)
The froude number at the upstream of the obstruction
\(F _{\zeta} = \dfrac{V_1}{\sqrt{gy__1}}\)
\(F _{\zeta} = \dfrac{0.88}{\sqrt{9.81 \times 1.5}}\)
\(F _{\zeta} = \dfrac{0.88}{\sqrt{14.715}}\)
\(F _{\zeta} = \dfrac{0.88}{3.836}\)
\(F _{\zeta} =0.229\)
\(F _{\zeta} \simeq0.3\) which is less than the subcritical flow.
Similarly, the specific energy level for this process can be expressed as:
\(E_1 = \dfrac{V_1^2}{2g}+y_1\)
\(E_1 = \dfrac{0.88^2}{2 \times 9.81 }+1.5\)
\(E_1 = \dfrac{0.7744}{19.62 }+1.5\)
\(E_1 =0.039469+1.5\)
\(E_1 =1.539469\)
\(E_1 \simeq1.54 \ m\)
\(E_2 + \Delta z = E_1\)
\(E_2= E_1 - \Delta z\)
\(E_2= (1.54 - 0.15) \ m\)
\(E_2=1.39 \ m\)
Suppose ;
\(V_1 y_1 = V_2y_2\\ \\ Then; \ making \ V_2 \ the \ subject \ of \ the \formula\ we \ have: \\ \\ \\V_2 = \dfrac{V_1 y_1}{y_2} ---- (1)\)
From the energy equation:
\(E_2 + \Delta z = E_1\)
we can now substitute the above derived parameter and have :
\(E_2 + \Delta z=y_1 + \dfrac{V_1^2}{2g}\)
\(E_2 =y_1 + \dfrac{V_1^2}{2g} - \Delta z\)
\(E_2 =y_2 + \dfrac{V_2^2}{2g}\)
replace the value of \(V_2\) =\(\dfrac{V_1 y_1}{y_2}\) in equation (1), we have:
\(E_2 =y_2 + \dfrac{( \dfrac{V_1y_1}{y_2})^2}{2g}\)
\(E_2 =y_2 + \dfrac{ {V_1^2y_1^2}}{2gy_2^2}\)
\(E_2 \times y_2^2 =y^3_2 + \dfrac{ {V_1^2y_1^2}}{2g}\)
\(y^3_2 - E_2y^2_2 + \dfrac{V_1^2y_1^2}{2g}=0\)
Replacing our values now; we have:
\(y^3_2 - 1.39 \times y^2_2 + \dfrac{0.88^2 \times 1.5^2}{2 \times 9.81}=0\)
\(y^3_2 - 1.39 \times y^2_2 + \dfrac{1.7424}{19.62}=0\)
\(y^3_2 - 1.39 \times y^2_2 + 0.0888=0\)
\(y^3_2 - 1.39 y^2_2 + 0.0888=0\)
\(y_2 = 1.341 \ m \\ \\ y_2 = - 0.232 \ m \\ \\ y_2 = 0.281 \ m\)
Therefore,the elevation of the water surface over the obstruction is highest at 1.341 m
What is the maximum height of the obstruction that will not cause a rise in the water surface upstream
In order to determine the maximum height , we need to first estimate the rise in water level surface of \(\Delta z\)
\(\Delta z\) = 1.5 - (1.341+ 0.15) m
\(\Delta z\) = (1.5 - 1.491) m
\(\Delta z\) = 0.009 m
Finally, the maximum height of the obstruction h = (0.009 + 0.15 )m
the maximum height of the obstruction h = 0.159 m
How is the foundation for a skyscraper different from a house?
Answer:
Shallow foundations, often called footings, are usually embedded about a metre or so into soil. ... Another common type of shallow foundation is the slab-on-grade foundation where the weight of the structure is transferred to the soil through a concrete slab placed at the surface.
Explanation:
Because I said so.
you will build a vending machine program. the vending machine will contain 8 different soft drinks. each soft drink will have a different price from each other. the vending machine will collect cash and credit card for purchase. the vending machine should let the user know what the prices are and should vend a drink as many times as they want. the vending machine should tell the user that one or more beverages are out of stock if that occurs. the vending machine should ensure that the correct amount is validated for purchase and change given if necessary.
Using the knowledge in computational language in JAVA it is possible to write a code that the vending machine will collect cash and credit card for purchase.
Writting the code:public class vendingMachine {
private static final int[] prices = {100, 75, 50, 25};
private static final String[] drinks = {"Coke", "Pepsi", "Sprite", "Water"};
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
boolean running = true;
while (running) {
System.out.println("Welcome to the vending machine! Please make a selection:");
for (int i = 0; i < prices.length; i++) {
System.out.println(i + ") " + drinks[i] + " - $" + prices[i] / 100.0);
}
System.out.println("4) Quit");
int selection = scanner.nextInt();
if (selection == 4) {
running = false;
} else {
System.out.println("You selected " + drinks[selection] + ". Please insert $" + prices[selection] / 100.0);
int moneyInserted = scanner.nextInt();
if (moneyInserted < prices[selection]) {
System.out.println("Not enough money for purchase. Please insert additional $" + (prices[selection] - moneyInserted) / 100.0);
} else {
System.out.println("Vending " + drinks[selection] + "...");
System.out.println("Your change is $" + (moneyInserted - prices[selection]) / 100.0);
}
}
}
scanner.close();
}
}
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what are the besl measures used for data variation or dispersion
Answer:
STANDARD DAVIATION OR SD
Explanation:
BECAUSE it is commonly in measuring of dispersion and it also the most roubst measure of variability
The screw of shaft straightener exerts a load of 30 as shown in Figure . The screw is square threaded of outside diameter 75 mm and 6 mm pitch.
force required at the rim of a 300mm diameter hand wheel, if there is a collar
bearing of 50 mm mean diameter provided in the arrangement to exert axial
load. Assume the coefficient of friction for the collar as 0.2.
Answer:
See calculation below
Explanation:
Given:
W = 30 kN = 30x10³ N
d = 75 mm
p = 6 mm
D = 300 mm
μ = tan Φ = 0.2
1. Force required at the rim of handwheel
Let P₁ = Force required at the rim of handwheel
Inner diameter or core diameter of the screw = dc = do - p = 75 - 6 = 69 mm
Mean diameter of screw: *d = \(\frac{do + dc}{2}\) = (75 + 69) / 2 = 72 mm
and
tan α = p / πd = 6 / (π x 72) = 0.0265
∴ Torque required to overcome friction at he threads is T = P x d/2
T = W tan (α + Ф) d/2
T = \(W(\frac{tan \alpha + tan \theta}{1 - tan \alpha + tan \theta } ) * \frac{d}{2}\)
T = 30x10³ * ((0.0265 + 0.2) / (1 - 0.0265 x 0.2)) x 72/2
T = 245,400 N-mm
We know that the torque required at the rim of handwheel (T)
245,400 = P1 x D/2 = P1 x (300/2) = 150 P1
P1 = 245,400 / 150
P1 = 1636 N
2. Maximum compressive stress in the screw
30x10³
Qc = W / Ac = -------------- = 8.02 N/mm²
π/4 * 69²
Qc = 8.02 MPa
Bearing pressure on the threads (we know that number of threads in contact with the nut)
n = height of nut / pitch of threads = 150 / 6 = 25 threads
thickness of threads, t = p/2 = 6/2 = 3 mm
bearing pressure on the threads = Pb = W / (π d t n)
Pb = 30 x 10³ / (π * 72 * 3 * 25)
Pb = 1.77 N/mm²
Max shear stress on the threads = τ = 16 T / (π dc³)
τ = (16 * 245,400) / ( π * 69³ )
τ = 3.8 M/mm²
*the mean dia of the screw (d) = d = do - p/2 = 75 - 6/2 = 72
∴max shear stress in the threads τmax = 1/2 * sqrt(8.02² + (4 * 3.8²))
τmax = 5.5 Mpa
3. efficiency of the straightener
To = W tan α x d/2 = 30x10³ * 0.0265 * 72/2 = 28,620 N-mm
∴Efficiency of the straightener is η = To / T = 28,620 / 245,400
η = 0.116 or 11.6%
By assuming the coefficient of friction for the collar as 0.2. efficiency of straightner is 11.6%.
What is Wheel?Wheels are circular frames or disks that are mounted on machines or vehicles and are designed to rotate around an axis.
Given:
W = 30 kN = 30x10³ N
d = 75 mm
p = 6 mm
D = 300 mm
μ = tan Φ = 0.2
1. Force required at the rim of handwheel :
Let P₁ = Force required at the rim of handwheel
Inner diameter or core diameter of the screw = dc = do - p = 75 - 6 = 69 mm
Mean diameter of screw: *d = = (75 + 69) / 2 = 72 mm and
tan α = p / πd = 6 / (π x 72) = 0.0265
Torque required to overcome friction at he threads is T = P x d/2
T = W tan (α + Ф) d/2
T = 30x10³ * ((0.0265 + 0.2) / (1 - 0.0265 x 0.2)) x 72/2
T = 245,400 N-mm
We know that the torque required at the rim of handwheel (T)
245,400 = P1 x D/2 = P1 x (300/2) = 150 P1
P1 = 245,400 / 150
P1 = 1636 N
2. Maximum compressive stress in the screw :
30x10³
Qc = W / Ac = -------------- = 8.02 N/mm²
π/4 * 69²
Qc = 8.02 MPa
Bearing pressure on the threads (we know that number of threads in contact with the nut)
n = height of nut / pitch of threads = 150 / 6 = 25 threads
thickness of threads, t = p/2 = 6/2 = 3 mm
bearing pressure on the threads = Pb = W / (π d t n)
Pb = 30 x 10³ / (π * 72 * 3 * 25)
Pb = 1.77 N/mm²
Max shear stress on the threads = τ = 16 T / (π dc³)
τ = (16 * 245,400) / ( π * 69³ )
τ = 3.8 M/mm²
*the mean dia of the screw (d) = d = do - p/2 = 75 - 6/2 = 72
max shear stress in the threads τmax = 1/2 * sqrt(8.02² + (4 * 3.8²))
τmax = 5.5 Mpa
Therefore, efficiency of the straightener :
To = W tan α x d/2 = 30x10³ * 0.0265 * 72/2 = 28,620 N-mm
Efficiency of the straightener is η = To / T = 28,620 / 245,400
η = 0.116 or 11.6%
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a pressure cylinder has an outer diameter of 200 mm, wall thickness of t, external* pressure of 4 mpa, and max allowable shear stress of 25 mpa. what is the appropriate minimum value of t to satisfy the design? *note external, not internal, pressure. assume internal pressure is 0. (all gage pressures.)
A cylinder pressure has an outer diameter of 200 mm then minimum value of wall thickness t=4 mm.
Given:
D=200 mm
P=4 MPa
t= Wall thickness
maximum shear stress=25 MPa
We know that
hoop stress σh\(=\frac{pd}{2t}\)
Longitudinal stress σl=\(=\frac{pd}{4t}\)
So maximum shear tress in plane Tmax=(σh-σl)/2
\(Tmax=\frac{pd}{8t}\)
Now by putting the value
\(25=\frac{4*200}{8t}\)
So t= 4mm
The minimum value of wall thickness t=4 mm.
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