This is a list of some of the steps in the process of hearing a sound. Put them in cause-and-effect order from first to last.
a. K+ channels in the hair cell membranes open
b. The incus (ear bone) vibrates
c. The hair cell releases neurotransmitter
d. Pressure waves pass through the air in the ear canal
e. Afferent neurons transmit action potentials through the cochlear nerve
f. The hair cell membrane is depolarized
g. Pressure waves travel through the fluid in the cochlea
h. The tympanic membrane vibrates
i. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels open
j. The stapes (ear bone) vibrates
k. Stereocilia in hair cells deflect (bend)
l. The malleus (ear bone) vibrates
m. The oval window vibrates
Answers
The process of hearing a sound begins with the transmission of pressure waves through the ear canal, followed by a series of mechanical vibrations that ultimately result in the bending of hair cell stereocilia. This bending triggers a cascade of events involving ion channels and neurotransmitter release, leading to the transmission of electrical signals through the cochlear nerve to the brain for perception and interpretation of the sound.
The process of hearing a sound involves several steps that occur in a specific cause-and-effect order. Let's arrange the steps in the correct sequence and provide a brief explanation of each step:
1. Pressure waves pass through the air in the ear canal (d): When sound waves reach the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal, causing vibrations in the air.
2. The tympanic membrane vibrates (h): The sound waves cause the eardrum (tympanic membrane) to vibrate, amplifying the incoming sound.
3. The malleus (ear bone) vibrates (l): The vibrations from the eardrum are transmitted to the three tiny bones in the middle ear, starting with the malleus (hammer).
4. The incus (ear bone) vibrates (b): The vibrations from the malleus are transmitted to the incus (anvil), which further amplifies the sound.
5. The stapes (ear bone) vibrates (j): The vibrations from the incus are transferred to the stapes (stirrup), which acts as a piston.
6. The oval window vibrates (m): The movement of the stapes against the oval window creates vibrations in the fluid-filled cochlea of the inner ear.
7. Pressure waves travel through the fluid in the cochlea (g): The vibrations of the oval window create pressure waves that travel through the fluid-filled cochlea.
8. Stereocilia in hair cells deflect (bend) (k): The movement of the fluid in the cochlea causes the stereocilia (tiny hair-like structures) on the hair cells to bend.
9. K+ channels in the hair cell membranes open (a): The bending of stereocilia triggers the opening of potassium (K+) channels in the hair cell membranes.
10. The hair cell membrane is depolarized (f): The influx of potassium ions leads to a change in the electrical potential of the hair cell membrane, depolarizing it.
11. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels open (i): The depolarization of the hair cell triggers the opening of voltage-gated calcium (Ca2+) channels.
12. The hair cell releases neurotransmitter (c): The influx of calcium ions stimulates the release of neurotransmitter molecules from the hair cell.
13. Afferent neurons transmit action potentials through the cochlear nerve (e): The neurotransmitter released by the hair cell activates afferent neurons in the cochlear nerve, which transmit electrical signals to the brain for processing and interpretation.
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Related Questions
Reggie just attended a class presentation about alcoholism on college campuses. however, he shares
that while the presentation was nice, he has no intention of changing any behaviors because he
doesn't have any problems with alcohol or any of the trouble drinking behaviors that were described.
he shares that is good for other students who struggle. he says he can handle his drinking and that
it has not influenced him in any way although his ra has written him up twice and he has missed
many classes due to his drinking and is doing poorly in school as a result. what stage of change is
reggie in?
Answers
According to question, Precontemplation is the stage of change is Reggie in .
Precontemplation is the stage where there is no immediate desire to alter behavior. Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination are the six stages of change that people go through, according to the TTM. When employing the phases of change for behaviors linked to one's health, termination was not included in the original model and is utilized less frequently.
A client is in the precontemplation stage when they have no plans to alter their behavior, either now or in the future (often thought of as in the next six months). For instance, "I have no intention of taking up a sport or going running." They most likely
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I need help
I would give brainliest
Answers
Answer:
How we supposed to tell you where it go
Explanation:
different chains of sugars added to red blood cell proteins determine an individual's blood type. this is an example of which of the following posttranslational modifications?
Answers
This is an example of glycosylation, which is a type of post-translational modification. This is a process in which a sugar chain is added to the protein of a red blood cell to determine an individual's blood type. This sugar chain is made up of a variety of sugar molecules, such as glucose, galactose, mannose, or sialic acid. This is an example of an epitope or antigen, which is used by the immune system to identify and respond to the foreign substance.
The glycosylation process begins with the attachment of an activated sugar to the protein, typically in the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus. This is followed by a series of chemical modifications of the attached sugar, leading to the final structure of the glycoconjugate.
The glycoconjugate is then further modified in the cell membrane, where it forms a specific antigenic structure on the surface of the red blood cell. This antigenic structure is recognized by the immune system and determines the individual's blood type.
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state two important changes that chromosoms must undergo before cell divsion can take place
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Before the process of cell division can occur, the chromosomes undergo two crucial changes. The first is the replication of DNA, and the second is the condensation of chromatin into chromosomes.Chromosomes are composed of a condensed version of chromatin.
They are formed when chromatin is compressed into a smaller size by a series of changes to its shape, structure, and packing. Chromosomes are required for cell division because they allow for DNA replication and segregation. The second important change that chromosomes must undergo is DNA replication. DNA replication occurs in preparation for cell division. In this process, the double-stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two complementary strands, each of which serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand.
DNA replication results in the production of two identical copies of the original DNA molecule. Chromosomes play a critical role in cell division. They undergo two crucial changes, which include the replication of DNA and the condensation of chromatin into chromosomes.
DNA replication is the process of unwinding and separating the double-stranded DNA molecule into two complementary strands. Chromatin is compressed into a smaller size by a series of changes to its shape, structure, and packing, resulting in the formation of chromosomes.
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Type the correct answer in the box. Spell all words correctly. What connects neurons and what chemicals help neurons communicate? the connects the axon of one neuron with the dendrite of another neuron to relay messages. Neurons transmit information to each other through synaptic gaps. The cells release chemicals known as into the synaptic gaps to communicate with one another.
Answers
The synapse connects the axon of one neuron with the dendrite of another neuron to relay messages.
The cells release chemicals known as neurotransmitters into the synaptic gaps to communicate with one another.
Synapse can simply be called the point of contact between two neurons through which information is passed on. A synapse is composed of: a presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft, and a postsynaptic neuron.
Neurotransmitters are the signaling agents that carry information in chemical form from one neuron to another. These neurotransmitters are produced inside the nerve cells itself. The example of neurotransmitters are: acetylcholine, dopamine, glutamate, histamine, norepinephrine, etc.
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There are 25 elements found in living things. How many of these elements are found in some organisms but not all?
Answers
Answer:
Six
Explanation:
All living things have six basic elements in common: carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur, abbreviated as CHNOPS.
The number elements that are found in some organisms but not all is 19 in number. This is further explained below.
What are elements?Generally, elements are simply defined as compounds that cannot be broken down into smaller chemicals using standard chemical procedures.
In conclusion, Some of the elements found in living things are
Oxygen (O)Carbon (C)Hydrogen (H)Nitrogen (N)Read more about elements atoms
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What is the main cause of the destruction of Earth's ecosystems?
Answers
Answer:
Pollution. Pollution is one of the main causes of ecosystem destruction. Pollution can deplete resources and drive away local animal populations. Significant sources of pollution include trash, carbon emissions, oil spills and pesticides
Explanation: Theres the ANSWER ^ :)
Answer: Pollution. Pollution is one of the main causes of ecosystem destruction. Pollution can deplete resources and drive away local animal populations. Significant sources of pollution include trash, carbon emissions, oil spills and pesticides
Explanation:
This is the site I got the info from: https://sciencing.com › Ecosystems › Nature › Science
What letter describes a tropical rainforest?
*
A. Four distinct seasons, oak trees, skunks, rich soil
B. Hot summers, cold winters, tall grasses, bison, prairie dogs, rich soil
C. high diversity, hot all year, a lot of precipitation, trees with broad
leaves, monkeys, parrots, big insects
D. Contains low growing plants like lichens, cold, dark winters,
permafrost, caribou, Arctic fox
Answers
it is definitely C
if this helps mark me brainliest
Arrange the following in the correct sequence, from earliest to most recent, in which these plant traits originated.
1. sporophyte dominance, gametophyte independence
2. sporophyte dominance, gametophyte dependence
3. gametophyte dominance, sporophyte dependence
a.1 -> 2 -> 3
b.3 -> 1 -> 2
c.2 -> 1 -> 3
d.2 -> 3 -> 1
e.3 -> 2-> 1
Answers
The correct sequence, from earliest to most recent, in which these plant traits originated is:
c. 2 -> 1 -> 3
1. sporophyte dominance, gametophyte independence (2) - This trait originated first, where the sporophyte generation became dominant in the plant life cycle, and the gametophyte generation became less independent.
2. sporophyte dominance, gametophyte dependence (1) - This trait originated next, where the sporophyte generation remained dominant, but the gametophyte generation became more dependent on the sporophyte for nutrition and support.
3. gametophyte dominance, sporophyte dependence (3) - This trait originated last, where the gametophyte generation became dominant in the plant life cycle, and the sporophyte generation became dependent on the gametophyte for nutrition and support.
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is there a free version of this website
also i just clicked biology bc it was close to the subject i was looking for yet this website doesn't have it
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Answer:
i don't know if there are any other websites like this that are free. i'm currently using a school computer and this website is available and free for me so that's why i use this website.
Explanation:
if a water hyacinth population has an r value of 0, how will the population size change through time?
Answers
If the water hyacinth population has an r-value of 0, then the population size will not change.
The invasion of water hyacinth in aquatic ecosystems occurs because it requires a large enough supply of oxygen from the waters it inhabits for the evapotranspiration process (evaporation process by aquatic plants). This plant absorbs a lot of oxygen and lowers the water oxygen levels needed by fish.
The abundance of water hyacinth can block the supply of oxygen to the bottom, prevent the penetration of sunlight which is very necessary for life, and can cause siltation of water bodies. This incident is caused by agricultural waste such as the excessive use of artificial fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides.
The r value for the water hyacinth population is:
a positive r value means the population is getting bigger.a negative r value means the population is decreasing in size.zero r value means population size is static & will not change.Learn more about the water hyacinth population at https://brainly.com/question/12681926
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What type of mining is used for hematite?
Out of open cut mining, underground mining, dredge mining, leach mining, and petroleum wells
Will reward brainliest
Answers
Answer:
underground mining,
Explanation:
Conservation of Biodiversity
1) Importance
2) Challenges
3) Solution
Answers
Answer:
Conservation of biodiversity is protection, upliftment and scientific management of biodiversity so as to maintain it at its threshold level and derive sustainable benefits for the present and future generation. From: Biodiversity and Climate Change Adaptation in Tropical Islands, 2018.
Ecological life support— biodiversity provides functioning ecosystems that supply oxygen, clean air and water, pollination of plants, pest control, wastewater treatment and many ecosystem services. Recreation—many recreational pursuits rely on our unique biodiversity , such as birdwatching, hiking, camping and fishing.
Furthermore, high dependency and ever rising demands and scare forest resources outside protected areas due to unprecedented growth in human as well as livestock populations have created resource use conflicts. The protected areas continue to face growing demands of firewood, fodder and livestock grazing.
Identify locations of critical wildlife habitat for species at risk and the threats to these areas. Where possible, eliminate threats and maintain natural areas. Leave critical wildlife habitat undisturbed, especially nesting and denning sites. Promote wildlife use by setting up bird and bat houses.
Which of the following is a modification of the simple columnar epithelium that allows for efficient absorption along portions of the digestive tract? fibroblasts thin and permeable dense microville cilia
Answers
The correct answer is "microvilli." Microvilli are microscopic, finger-like projections that extend from the apical surface of cells in a simple columnar epithelium. These small structures greatly increase the surface area available for absorption and play a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency of nutrient absorption along portions of the digestive tract.
Within the digestive tract, the simple columnar epithelium lines the surface of organs like the small intestine and large intestine, where nutrient absorption occurs. The presence of microvilli on the surface of these epithelial cells provides numerous benefits for efficient absorption.
Firstly, the abundance of microvilli significantly increases the total surface area available for absorption. This increased surface area allows for a greater contact between the luminal contents (such as digested food) and the absorptive cells, maximizing the absorption of nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Secondly, the microvilli contain specialized transport proteins and channels that facilitate the absorption of specific molecules. These proteins help transport nutrients across the epithelial cells and into the bloodstream or lymphatic system. The dense packing of microvilli amplifies the presence of these transport proteins, further enhancing absorption efficiency.
Additionally, the microvilli possess a brush-like appearance due to their close arrangement. This brush border aids in trapping and retaining the digested food particles and nutrients, preventing their rapid movement through the digestive tract. This allows for sufficient time for absorption processes to occur.
In contrast to microvilli, cilia are hair-like structures present on certain types of epithelial cells. While cilia have important functions like moving mucus and facilitating the movement of substances, they are not directly involved in absorption along portions of the digestive tract.
Therefore, the modification of the simple columnar epithelium that enables efficient absorption along portions of the digestive tract is the presence of microvilli.
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An organism’s traits are determined by the
A. number of the A-T and G-C pairs in RNA
B. sequence of the deoxyribose sugar in DNA
C. number of thymine bases in RNA
D. sequence of the nitrogenous bases in DNA
Answers
An organism’s traits are determined by the sequence of the deoxyribose sugar in DNA option (B)
what is an organism?Any living system that performs as a separate unit is referred to as an organism. All living things are made up of cells. Organisms are classified by taxonomy into groups such as multicellular animals, plants, and fungi; or unicellular microorganisms such as protists, bacteria, and archaea
what is DNA?Deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer made of two polynucleotide chains that form a double helix around one another. All known living things, including many viruses, have genetic material in their polymers that direct how they should function, grow, and reproduce. Nucleic acids include ribonucleic acid and DNA.
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Many types of plants produce fruit which is eaten by animals. The seeds of these plants are typically undigestible. Which of the following is an advantage for plants having undigestible seeds? It allows seeds to reside in the gut until conditions are appropriate for germination. It ensures that flowers of these plants will be pollinated. It allows the seeds to be dispersed into other areas. It provides a source of nutrients for the germinating seed.
Answers
The advantage for plants having undigestible seeds is that it allows seeds to reside in the gut until conditions are appropriate for germination.
Fruits are a source of nutrition for animals that consume them, and they are also a means of seed distribution for plants that produce them. Many types of plants generate fruit that is consumed by animals; nevertheless, the seeds of such plants are usually indigestible. As a result, the seeds can be dispersed into new areas by animals that eat the fruit.
However, having undigestible seeds provides a distinct benefit to plants: it allows seeds to reside in the gut until conditions are appropriate for germination, which aids in seed growth and germination.
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1. Bacteria. Two bacteria were placed in a dish. The number of bacteria quadruples every hour. There are now 131,072 bacteria in the dish. How many hours have passed since the original two bacteria we
Answers
To determine the number of hours that have passed since the original two bacteria were placed in the dish, we can use the fact that the number of bacteria quadruples every hour.
Starting with two bacteria, we can observe the progression:
Hour 1: 2 bacteria
Hour 2: 2 x 4 = 8 bacteria
Hour 3: 8 x 4 = 32 bacteria
Hour 4: 32 x 4 = 128 bacteria
Hour 5: 128 x 4 = 512 bacteria
Hour 6: 512 x 4 = 2048 bacteria
Hour 7: 2048 x 4 = 8192 bacteria
Hour 8: 8192 x 4 = 32768 bacteria
Hour 9: 32768 x 4 = 131072 bacteria
Therefore, it took 9 hours for the number of bacteria to reach 131,072.
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the general term for large scale evolutionary change that takes place over long periods of time is called
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The general term for large-scale evolutionary change that takes place over long periods of time is called macroevolution.
Macroevolution refers to significant evolutionary transformations that occur at the species level and above, leading to the emergence of new species, higher taxonomic groups, and the diversification of lineages. It encompasses processes such as speciation, adaptive radiation, extinction events, and the development of novel structures or functions.
Macroevolutionary changes are often associated with the gradual accumulation of genetic and phenotypic variations over millions of years. This concept provides a framework to understand the long-term patterns and processes that have shaped the diversity of life on Earth.
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how are INTENSITY and MAGNITUDE the same
Answers
Answer:
According to goggles it says,"Magnitude measures the energy released at the source of the earthquake. Magnitude is determined from measurements on seismographs. Intensity measures the strength of shaking produced by the earthquake at a certain location. Intensity is determined from effects on people, human structures, and the natural environment".
Explanation:
Hope this helps!!
The question is in the screenshot
Answers
Answer: A D F J
Explanation:
I THINK IM RIGHT HAVE A GREAT DAY
The true statements about the uses of fossil fuels are: A. some are burned to power vehicles. D. they are burned to generate electricity. F. they are burned to generate heat energy. H. some are made into plastics.
What are Fossil fuels?An energy source that is not renewable, fossil fuels are created from the remains of extinct plants and animals. Natural gas, oil, and coal are the three most widely used fossil fuels.
Fossil fuels are used for a variety of things, such as manufacturing, heating, electrical generating, and transportation.
Energy is released during the burning of fossil fuels, and it can be used in a variety of ways. Electricity, which is produced by burning fossil fuels, is used to run factories, businesses, and residential buildings. Moreover, they are burned to create heat energy for inside home and building heating. Certain fossil fuels are also used to power transportation devices like cars and airplanes.
Plastics, which are widely used in many industries, are also produced using fossil fuels. Petroleum, a fossil fuel used to create plastics, is transformed into a variety of plastics through chemical processes.
In conclusion, fossil fuels have a wide range of applications and are crucial to contemporary society. Fossil fuel combustion, however, results in the release of greenhouse gases, which accelerate climate change. To lessen our reliance on fossil fuels and lessen their detrimental effects on the environment, it is crucial to research and invest in renewable energy sources.
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How does meiosis contribute to the survival of a species?
Answers
Answer: Meiosis is the process of chromosomal reduction in eukaryotic cells (plants, animals, and fungi), which leads to the production of germ cells (gametes/sex cells) needed for sexual reproduction. In this way, the chromosomal number of the species is conserved through sexual reproduction.
Nitrogen is the most common element in the air, why do bacteria play a role in the nitrogen cycle
Answers
Answer:
Bacteria converts the nitrogen into fixed nitrogen which can then be used by plants.
Explanation:
What is the probability of flipping a coin twice and getting two heads?
a) 1
b) 1/2
c) 1/4
d) 3/4
Help
Answers
Answer:
c) 1/4
Explanation:
0.5 x 0.5
The probability of getting two heads on two coin tosses is 0.5 x 0.5 or 0.25. A visual representation of the toss of two coins. The Product Rule is evident from the visual representation of all possible outcomes of tossing two coins shown above
What is the word for The process that cells use to split the nucleus into
two identical nuclei
Answers
Answer:
Mitosis is a fundamental process for life. During mitosis, a cell duplicates all of its contents, including its chromosomes, and splits to form two identical daughter cells.
Answer: mitosis
Explanation:
Name the 4 phase of the Mitosis phase:
Answers
Answer:
prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase
Explanation:
The cell membrane pinches in and eventually divides into two daughter cells.
Take two plants allow one to grow in sunlight and allow other plant to grow in dark
Answers
Sunlight helps the plant photosynthesize which is needed to keep the plant alive and growing. Without light the plant will not be able to photosynthesize and will eventually die.
How do an increase in the organic matter in soil and an increase in soil depth affect the
population of plants in an area?
A Larger plants become the dominant organisms.
B Mosses replace flowering plants.
C Nitrogen-fixing bacteria kill young trees.
D Grasses become diseased.
Answers
An increase in the organic matter in soil and an increase in soil depth generally have a positive effect on the population of plants in an area.
Organic matter in soil provides essential nutrients and improves soil structure, while a deeper soil profile can increase the availability of water and nutrients.
As a result, larger plants with deep roots tend to thrive in such conditions, which may eventually lead to larger plants becoming dominant organisms (option A). This is because larger plants have a competitive advantage over smaller plants in acquiring nutrients and water from the soil.
Mosses replacing flowering plants (option B) is less likely, as mosses tend to grow in areas with poor soil conditions and lower nutrient levels.
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria killing young trees (option C) is also unlikely as nitrogen-fixing bacteria actually help plants by providing them with essential nutrients.
Grasses becoming diseased (option D) is also not a likely outcome as the increased organic matter and soil depth generally improve soil health and reduce the incidence of diseases.
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An increase in organic matter and soil depth in soil results in Larger plants becoming the dominant organisms by providing essential nutrients to the soil.
Which are the components of organic matter?
Organic matter is composed of microorganisms, plant remains, humus, hydrogen, nitrogen, etc.
Which nutrients are essential for the growth of a plant?
The nutrients necessary for the growth of the plant can be categorized into two types macronutrients such as nitrogen, and phosphorous, and micronutrients such as chlorine and manganese.
Organic matter provides the soil with the necessary nutrients which are essential for the growth of plants. Larger plants have large roots hence soil depth helps them to grow fast.
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Greg has been given a small sample of metal. His teacher has assigned him to identify what type of metal he was given.
Which of the following is a physical property that will help Greg to identify the metal most accurately?
A.
ability to rust
B.
density
C.
ability to burn
D.
color
Answers
Which characteristic that may pose a potential nutrition problem would the nurse identify in a preterm neonate?1. Inadequate sucking reflex2. Diminished metabolic rate3. Rapid digestion of formula4. Increased absorption of nutrients
Answers
Inadequate sucking reflex may pose a potential nutrition problem would the nurse identify in a preterm neonate.
The nurse would identify inadequate sucking reflex as a characteristic that may pose a potential nutrition problem in a preterm neonate. Preterm neonates are born before their gestational period is complete, and they often have underdeveloped or immature organ systems, including their sucking reflex. The sucking reflex is essential for effective breastfeeding or bottle-feeding, as it allows the neonate to obtain and consume adequate amounts of milk. An inadequate sucking reflex can make it difficult for the preterm neonate to feed effectively, resulting in inadequate intake of nutrients and potentially leading to nutrition problems.
Inadequate sucking reflex in a preterm neonate can pose a potential nutrition problem due to difficulties in obtaining adequate nourishment.
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(Brainlest) What might occur if a cell entered mitosis without completing the s stage of interphase?
Answers
Answer:
i think it is B .
Answer:The answer is D, because there would not be enough DNA, and that could lead to self-destruction, B is wrong