Theo gets excited whenever he finds a quarter lying on the ground outside. While walking home from school one day, Theo noticed a shiny round object lying on the sidewalk and became very excited. He soon realized that the object was a bottle cap and his excitement quickly dissipated. Stimulus generalization is demonstrated in this example. Option C is the correct answer.
The tendency for the conditioned stimulus to elicit comparable reactions after the response has been conditioned is known as stimulus generalization in the conditioning process. Option C is the correct answer.
It is crucial to comprehend how responses to the conditioned stimulus might be affected by stimulus generalization. Very similar stimuli may also elicit the same reaction in a human or animal after they have been trained to do so. This can occasionally be an issue, especially when the person has to be able to discern between inputs and only react to one particular signal. Both classical conditioning and operant conditioning are capable of stimulating stimulus generalization.
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what is photo synthesis
Answer:
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is the process of producing Glucose from CO2 and Water. The chemical reaction requires sunlight.
6H2O + 6CO2 ===> C6H12O6 + 6O2
If you are interested in the Environment, you should notice that plants take in CO2 and give away O2, the exact opposite of what animals and humans do. We should be extra careful about how we treat forests -- they produce what we need.
Match the following terms and definitions.
1. a technique that uses rewards to increase a learned behavior
2.
a theory that behavior evolves to promote the greatest
fitness for the animal
long-term hormonal influences on animal behavior usually
occurring early in life
4. learning a behavior by observing and watching others
3.
organizational effects
social learning
operant conditioning
optimality theory
Explanation:
operant conditioning - a technique that uses rewards to increase a learned behavior
optimality theory -a theory that behavior evolves to promote the greatest fitness for the animal
social learning - learning a behavior by observing and watching others
organizational effects - long-term hormonal influences on animal behavior usually occurring early in life.
Hope it helps
please help with my biology
Answer:
random dispersion
Explanation:
Uniform would be neat and in columns.
Clumped would be altogether.
2. The breeding of two plants is called a
crossing over
cross
intertwining
mixing
Answer:
I am by no means 100% on this but I think its Cross, its usually called crossing breeding but out of those i would say cross.
I Hope This Helps :)
Geese fly in a v-like formation when migrating. Which statement is evidence that supports advantages of this group behavior? (4 points)
A) Birds can work together to find food and shelter.
B) Birds conserve energy and reduce wind resistance.
C) Birds need to move faster to avoid being seen by predators.
D) Birds can compete for mates when they fly together.
Answer:
B
Have a nice day :D
Birds conserve energy and reduce wind resistance when they fly in V-like formation.
Why Geese fly in a V-like formation?Flying in a v-like formation allows geese to conserve energy and reduce wind resistance as they migrate. The lead goose breaks the wind for the rest of the group, which allows the other geese to fly more efficiently and use less energy. This group behavior helps the geese to cover long distances during migration, as they are able to fly for longer periods of time without tiring.
The other options do not provide evidence of advantages of this group behavior. Option A) may be true, but it is not specific to flying in a v-like formation. Option C) is not necessarily related to group behavior, as geese may need to move faster for other reasons. Option D) is not relevant to the topic of migration.
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The himalayan rabbit's habitat has cold, snowy winters and mild summers. the body is
typically covered in white fur except for the nose, feet, tail, and ears, which are covered in
black fur
himalayan rabbit
a scientist shaved an area of white fur on the back of a himalayan rabbit and placed an ice
pack over the shaved area. the shaved area grew black fur.
which of these best explains why the hair that grew back where the ice pack was placed was
black and not white?
f the genes for black hair were activated by specific temperatures.
g the white hair mutated to black hair as the rabbit's body temperature decreased.
h the coat color changed from white to black with the age of the rabbit.
3 white hair only grows during certain times of the year.
The reason why the back of Himalayan rabbit grew black fur instead of white over the shaved region is that: the genes for black hair were activated by specific temperatures.
Himalayan rabbit is a rare breed of rabbits which is medium-sized found in the far and middle East of Asia. These are among the oldest and most calmest breed of the rabbits. They are usually white colored with a black colored pointed nose.
Genes are the basic factors that carry the information for any characteristic of an organism. Genes are the small parts of the double stranded DNA. Each gene contains the information for the synthesis of proteins that are responsible for the particular trait.
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During crossing over, when the invading strand uses the invaded DNA as a _____, this automatically results in an extra copy of the invaded sequence at the expense of the invading sequence, thus explaining the departure from the expected _____ ratio.
The correct answer is: During crossing over, when the invading strand uses the invaded DNA as a template, this automatically results in an extra copy of the invaded sequence at the expense of the invading sequence, thus explaining the departure from the expected 1:1 ratio of crossing over.
Explanation:
DNA is replicated through the process of crossing over, which involves the exchange of genetic material between two homologous chromosomes. During the process, one of the homologous chromosomes acts as the invading sequence, while the other acts as the invaded DNA. When the invading strand uses the invaded DNA as a template, it results in an extra copy of the invaded sequence at the expense of the invading sequence, thus explaining the departure from the expected 1:1 ratio of crossing over.
What is crossing over?
Crossing over is a process during meiosis where the chromosome arms of maternal and paternal homologous chromosomes swap DNA sections (recombination) to produce new allelic combinations of traits. The crossing-over process starts with the breakage of two homologous chromosomes, the migration of the broken ends toward each other, and the formation of crosslinks by the formation of single crossovers.
These crosslinks are eventually converted to chiasmata that keep the chromosomal arms connected until metaphase I. During this process, one chromosome might lose genetic material while the other might acquire genetic material. This event results in unique combinations of genes that might not be present in either parent. The frequency of crossovers is affected by the distance between the gene and the centromere. Chromosomes that are nearer to the centromere are less likely to cross over than those that are further away. Explaining the departure from the expected Mendelian ratio.
The ratio of offspring created by a cross that exhibits the dominant and recessive traits that Mendel observed is referred to as the Mendelian ratio. Crossing over might result in new allelic combinations of genes that deviate from the Mendelian ratios. This is because the transmission of genes is no longer controlled by a single gene pair on a chromosome. Chromosome segregation is disturbed in one way or another by crossovers.
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Most of the bacterial genome comprises protein coding genes and their regulatory sequences. Explain the consequence of this to the relative sizes of bacterial and eukaryotic chromosomes:
The bacterial genomes are much smaller, hence they do not contain introns.
What are bacterial genomes?
Bacterial genomes are described generally as smaller and less variant in size among species when compared with genomes of eukaryotes. Bacterial genomes can range in size anywhere from about 130 kbp to over 14 Mbp.
Most of the bacterial genome comprises protein coding genes and their regulatory sequences. The consequence of this to the relative sizes of bacterial and eukaryotic chromosomes is that the bacterial genomes are much smaller, hence they do not contain introns.
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How might a foreign policy decision, such as the placement of an economic sanction against another country, affect U.S. citizens?
What organisms, systems, or structures does Megan Morikawa study?
Megan Morikawa used field and controlled experiments to understand the mechanisms that allow some corals to tolerate a greater amount of heat stress than other corals.
What is a coral?Corals are marine invertebrates within the class Anthozoa of the phylum Cnidaria.
They typically form compact colonies of many identical individual polyps. Coral species include the important reef builders that inhabit tropical oceans and secrete calcium carbonate to form a hard skeleton.
Thus, we can conclude that, Megan Morikawa used field and controlled experiments to understand the mechanisms that allow some corals to tolerate a greater amount of heat stress than other corals.
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Which of the following is/are most likely to be part of the gastrointestinal reflex pathway? 1. Stretch receptors 2. Neurons of the autonomic nervous system 3. Muscle fibers of the transversus abdominus.
The stretch receptors and neurons of the autonomic nervous system are parts of the gastrointestinal reflex pathway.
What is Gastrointestinal reflex?This is usually stimulated by senses as a result of the presence of stretch receptors and neurons of the autonomic nervous system.
They help in controlling the release of acids in the stomach and also suppresses the release of digestive proteins.
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You need your cell culture to reach an OD600 = 0.6. It has been on the shaker for a few hours at 37°C. You measure the absorbance and your culture is currently at an OD600=0.1 at 8 am. At what time will the culture reach an OD600=0.6 assuming optimal growth conditions?
Under the assumption of optimal growth conditions and a hypothetical growth rate and doubling time, the culture is estimated to reach an OD600 of 0.6 at approximately 9:33 am.
To estimate the time it will take for the culture to reach an OD600 of 0.6, we need to consider the growth rate of the cells and the doubling time.
First, we need to determine the growth rate of the cells. The growth rate can vary depending on the specific cell type and growth conditions. Let's assume a hypothetical growth rate of 0.2 OD600/hour for this culture.
Since the initial OD600 at 8 am is 0.1 and the target OD600 is 0.6, we need to calculate how many doubling times are required to reach the target. The formula to calculate the number of doubling times is as follows:
Number of doubling times = log(final OD600) - log(initial OD600) / log(2)
Using this formula, we can calculate the number of doubling times:
Number of doubling times = log(0.6) - log(0.1) / log(2) = 0.77815
Assuming that each doubling time takes a constant amount of time, we can estimate the time it will take for the culture to reach the target OD600 by multiplying the number of doubling times by the doubling time:
Time = Number of doubling times * doubling time
Let's assume a doubling time of 2 hours for this culture:
Time = 0.77815 * 2 = 1.5563 hours
Since the culture started at 8 am, we can add 1.5563 hours to calculate the estimated time for the culture to reach an OD600 of 0.6:
Time = 8 am + 1.5563 hours = 9:33 am (rounded to the nearest minute)
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To fill out the chart on nonrenewable and renewable natural resources, should Hector add trees under the heading "Renewable
Resources"?
A)
No. Trees can die from disease.
B)
Yes. There are many uses for trees.
C)
Yes. Trees can be cut down but planted again.
D)
No. There is only so much land for trees to grow.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
the market for wood furniture and other products are on high demand so cutting down and planting again will help in availability and good weather
A population cycle is
What part of mitosis is this cell going through?
Answer:
I think metaphase
Explanation:
The chromosomes are in the middle and the spindle fibers are attaching to them
Write a method teach as part of the class Dog. The method teach should add a passed string parameter to tricks and print a message that the dog that knows the trick.
>>> sugar.teach('frisbee')
Sugar knows frisbee
Here is the code to write a method teach as part of the class Dog. The method teach should add a passed string parameter to tricks and print a message that the dog that knows the trick:class Dog:
tricks = []
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def teach(self, trick):
self.tricks.append(trick)
print(self.name + " knows " + trick)The above code consists of a class named Dog which has a constructor __init__ and a method teach which is used to add the tricks passed as a string parameter to tricks and then print a message that the dog knows the trick. In the teach method, the string parameter trick is added to the list tricks using the append() function and then the name of the dog along with the trick is printed using the print() function. Here, in the example, we have added the frisbee trick to the dog sugar using the teach method as shown below: sugar = Dog("Sugar")
sugar.teach("frisbee")The above command output will be "Sugar knows frisbee" which indicates that the dog sugar knows how to perform the frisbee trick. Therefore, the code will execute successfully and print the output.
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Please Help me as soon as possible.
In camellia plants, flower color is controlled by a single gene with codominant alleles. A camellia plants with red flowers (RR) is crossed with a camellia plant with white flowers (WW). What are the expected phenotypes of the offspring of this cross?
A.
All will have red flowers.
B.
Half will have red flowers and half will have white flowers.
C.
All will have both red and white flowers.
D.
All will have pink flowers.
Answer:
The answer is; c
It is important to distinguish between codominance and incomplete dominance.
In incomplete dominance, the two alleles blend with each other in phenotype giving offspring with intermediate phenotypes, hence offspring would produce pink flowers, in this case.
In codominance, both alleles are simultaneously expressed in phenotype in the offspring. Therefore flowers, in this case, would exhibit both red and white colors.
Explanation:
Vesicles are formed to move substances out of a cell by
what is the difference between DNA of a stomach cell and the DNA of a brain cell?
Answer:
they have different functions
Explanation:
the stomach cells breakdown food and make up a certain tissue and take nutrients from the food you eat while the brain cell makes up your neurons and receptors
Since they both have the same genetic information stored in the same sequence of nucleotides, the DNA of a stomach cell and the DNA of a brain cell is practically identical. However, there may be functional distinctions between both kinds of cells depending on how some genes are expressed.
What happens during development?Cells specialize during development and differentiate into various cell types with distinct functions. According to the requirements of the cell, specific genes are turned on or off as part of the differentiation process.
For instance, a brain cell may express genes that enable it to relay messages and make connections with other cells in the nervous system, whereas a stomach cell may express genes that allow it to produce digestive enzymes and absorb nutrients.
Therefore, the DNA of a stomach cell and the DNA of a brain cell is nearly identical since they both have the same genetic information stored in the same sequence of nucleotides.
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The end result of technology is best described as:
O A. the result of a type of scientific experiment.
O B. the growth of new political ideas through science.
O C. controversial new ideas questioned by society.
O D. products or processes that help solve problems.
Answer:
D. products or processes that help solve problems.
Explanation:
the majority of the alveolar wall is formed by , which are classified as simple squamous epithelial cells.
The majority of the alveolar wall is formed by a type of cell called pneumocytes, which are classified as simple squamous epithelial cells. These cells are extremely thin and flat, allowing for efficient gas exchange between the lungs and the bloodstream.
Pneumocytes are divided into two types: type I and type II. Type I pneumocytes are responsible for the majority of gas exchange and make up approximately 95% of the alveolar surface area. Type II pneumocytes, on the other hand, produce and secrete surfactant, which helps to reduce surface tension and prevent the alveoli from collapsing during exhalation.
While both types of pneumocytes are crucial for proper lung function, type I cells are particularly important in facilitating the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the alveolar wall.
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What are the major functions and structures of the Central Nervous System?
Describe how the human brain develops into distinct regions from a neural tube
identify the five lobes of the cerebral cortex and explain how motor and sensory functions are distributed among them
What are the basal nuclei, limbic system and reticular formation?
Describe the structures and general functions of the diencephalon, cerebellum & brainstem
Describe the structure and function of the cranial meninges
Describe the function, production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid
What is the blood brain barrier and why is it necessary?
Describe the gross anatomy, location and cross sectional anatomical features of the spinal cord?
Identify and describe the spinal meninges and the spaces between them
What is the difference between ascending and descending tracts in the spinal cord and where are they located?
What are the major structural and functional components of a reflex arc?
Distinguish between somatic V. Visceral reflexes and monosynaptic V. Polysynaptic reflexes
What role do stretch receptors play in skeletal muscles
Describe the simple stretch reflex, a flexion reflex and a crossed extension reflex. Briefly summarize effects of peripheral neuropathies
Describe sensory signal transduction. Describe how the special senses differ from other sensory apparatus. Describe the anatomical structures and functions of the eye. What are the structures and functions associated with the different layers of the eye?
What are the specialized cell types associated with vision?
What are the properties of light?
Describe visual accommodation. What are some common errors associated with vision?
How are visual signals sent to the brain and processed?
What are the structures and functions associated with olfaction/ gustation?
How are sensory signals transduced?
What is the neural pathway of olfaction/ gustation?
What are the 5 taste sensations and what chemicals cause them?
Describe the structure and function of the ear. How do inner ear ossicles function to transmit sound?
How do hair cells transmit sound to the brain?
What are the properties of sound waves?
How are sound waves transduced?
What is the neural pathway for sound signals to the brain?
How does the inner ear contribute to balance?
what are the structures and functions of balance?
The major functions of the Central Nervous System (CNS) are to process and coordinate sensory information, regulate body functions, and control motor responses.
The human brain develops into distinct regions from a neural tube through a process called neurulation.
The five lobes of the cerebral cortex are the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insular lobes.
Basal nuclei (or basal ganglia) are groups of nuclei in the brain involved in motor control and coordination.
The diencephalon is a region of the brain that includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.
The cranial meninges are protective layers that surround the brain and spinal cord.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord.
The blood-brain barrier is a protective mechanism that regulates the movement of substances from the bloodstream into the brain.
The spinal cord is a long, cylindrical structure that extends from the base of the brain to the lower back.
The spinal cord is a long, cylindrical structure that extends from the base of the brain to the lumbar region.
A reflex arc includes sensory receptors, sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons, and effectors.
Somatic reflexes involve skeletal muscle responses, while visceral reflexes involve responses in smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, or glands.
The major functions of the Central Nervous System (CNS) are to process and coordinate sensory information, regulate body functions, and control motor responses. The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord.
The human brain develops into distinct regions from a neural tube through a process called neurulation. The neural tube differentiates into three primary vesicles: the forebrain (prosencephalon), midbrain (mesencephalon), and hindbrain (rhombencephalon). Further development results in the formation of distinct brain regions, such as the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brainstem.
The five lobes of the cerebral cortex are the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insular lobes. Motor functions are primarily localized in the frontal lobe, while sensory functions are distributed across the parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes.
Basal nuclei (or basal ganglia) are groups of nuclei in the brain involved in motor control and coordination. The limbic system plays a role in emotions, memory, and motivation. The reticular formation is a network of nuclei in the brainstem that regulates sleep, wakefulness, and arousal.
The diencephalon is a region of the brain that includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus. It functions in relaying sensory information, regulating homeostasis, and controlling the endocrine system. The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements, posture, and balance.
The cranial meninges are protective layers that surround the brain and spinal cord. They consist of the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. Their functions include cushioning and protecting the CNS.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord. It is produced by the choroid plexus in the ventricles of the brain and circulates through the ventricles and subarachnoid space.
The blood-brain barrier is a protective mechanism that regulates the movement of substances from the bloodstream into the brain. It prevents the entry of harmful substances and maintains a stable environment for proper brain function.
The spinal cord is a long, cylindrical structure that extends from the base of the brain to the lower back. It is composed of gray matter and white matter.
The spinal cord is a long, cylindrical structure that extends from the base of the brain to the lumbar region. It transmits sensory and motor signals between the brain and the rest of the body.
Ascending tracts in the spinal cord carry sensory information from the body to the brain, while descending tracts transmit motor signals from the brain to the body.
A reflex arc includes sensory receptors, sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons, and effectors. It allows for rapid and involuntary responses to stimuli.
Somatic reflexes involve skeletal muscle responses, while visceral reflexes involve responses in smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, or glands. Monosynaptic reflexes have a single synapse, while polysyn.
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Describe the location, structures afferent pathways of taste and smell receptors and explain how these receptors are activated.
Taste and smell are among the senses that allow us to enjoy the foods and drinks that we consume. These two senses are closely related and work together in helping us perceive the flavor of food. The location, structures, and afferent pathways of taste and smell receptors are discussed below.
Location of Taste and Smell Receptors Taste receptors are located in the taste buds of the papillae, which are found in the mouth. The papillae are small bumps located on the tongue, roof of the mouth, and the back of the throat. Smell receptors are located in the olfactory epithelium, which is located in the nasal cavity.
Structures of Taste and Smell ReceptorsTaste receptors are structures that are specifically designed to detect different types of taste. They are made up of taste cells, which are clustered together in groups of 50 to 100 cells. Each taste cell has a hair-like structure that extends into the pore of the taste bud. These hairs are called taste hairs. Smell receptors are made up of olfactory receptor neurons, which are specialized cells that are located in the olfactory epithelium.
These neurons are connected to the olfactory bulb via axons.Afferent Pathways of Taste and Smell Receptors Taste and smell information is transmitted to the brain via different pathways. Taste information is transmitted via three cranial nerves (facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, and vagus nerve) to the brainstem. From there, it is transmitted to the thalamus and then to the primary gustatory cortex. Smell information is transmitted to the brain via the olfactory bulb, which is located in the frontal lobe of the brain.
From there, it is transmitted to the olfactory cortex, which is located in the temporal lobe. How Receptors are Activated Taste receptors are activated by chemicals that dissolve in saliva. When a chemical is dissolved in saliva, it comes into contact with the taste hairs of the taste cells. This causes the taste cell to generate an electrical signal that is transmitted to the brain.
Smell receptors are activated when odor molecules bind to receptors on the olfactory receptor neurons. This causes the neuron to generate an electrical signal that is transmitted to the brain.
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will mark brainlist, help please!
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Validity of an experiment is based upon:
Answer:
it is based upon the correlation between the results of your measurements and the results of the criterion measurement.
I hope this helps
the input and output nerves make up what part of the nervous system? bone mass, skletal system, central nervous system, peripheral nervous system
The input and output nerves make up the peripheral nervous system.
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of the nerves and ganglia located outside the brain and spinal cord. It serves as a communication network between the central nervous system (CNS) and the rest of the body. The PNS can be further divided into the sensory division (input nerves) and the motor division (output nerves). The sensory division carries information from sensory receptors to the CNS, allowing us to perceive and sense the environment. The motor division transmits signals from the CNS to the muscles and glands, enabling voluntary and involuntary movements. Therefore, the input and output nerves are peripheral nervous system components.
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. civilization
a society that has a high level of culture and social organization
2. monotheistic
a belief in one god controlling the universe
3. polytheistic
a belief that many gods control the universe
The correct definition of civilization is a society with advanced culture and social organization.
What are the correct definitions?1- Monotheism is the belief in the existence of one god, as opposed to polytheism, which is the belief in the existence of multiple gods.
2- Pictographic writing, also known as pictography, is a form of written communication that dates back to the Neolithic period, when man used pictographs to represent objects on a sheet of stone.
3- Pastoralism is a way of life for over 200 million people worldwide. It is based on animal grazing and is practiced in nearly half of the world's surface, including pasture lands, arid areas, mountains, and other marginal areas.
4- Polytheism is a religious or philosophical belief that various divine beings or gods exist.
5- A sedentary lifestyle is one in which people stay in one place and consider it their home. It is the polar opposite of nomadism.
6- Because civilization is a complex society, its defining characteristics are its organizational structure, institutions, and social structure, as well as its available technology and method of resource exploitation.
7- Migration is defined as a population movement that involves leaving one's home country or region to settle in another, usually for economic or social reasons.
8- According to the registry of archaeological remains, cuneiform writing is widely accepted as one of the oldest forms of written expression.
9- Nomadism is the distinctive way of life of some peoples, particularly primitive peoples, in which they move from one location to another without establishing a permanent residence.
The complete question:
"Match the terms to their definition. 1. civilization a belief in one god controlling the universe 2. cuneiform a kind of writing that used pictures of objects 3. migration a life of tending livestock in open pasture land 4. monotheistic a belief that many gods control the universe 5. nomadic the act of staying in one place for a long time (e.g., farming) 6. pastoral a society that has a high level of culture and social organization 7. pictographs moving from one place to another for any number of reasons 8. polytheistic ancient writing system using wedge-shaped impressions made in clay 9. sedentary a lifestyle of wandering from place to place in search of pasture or water"
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why can dna be matched to the person it came from
Answer:
Since every person inherited DNA from their parents, who inherited it from their parents, and so on, a person's DNA is made up of the DNA of their ancestors. If you and another person both have the same ancestor, there's a chance that you both inherited some of the same DNA.
Explanation:
Plz mark brainliest thanks
what is the bar graph showing
Answer:
The bar graph didn't exist in your question so ask again by showing bar graph.
research has led scientist to conclude that fevers help the human body fight infection by elevating body temperatures and causing parts of the immune system to work better . Which statement does this conclusion BEST support ?
A. Fevers disrupt homeostasis
b. Fevers should immediately be treated with medication .
C. Fevers are a necessary part of maintaining homeostasis .
D. Fevers are rarely caused by bacterial infections .
Medication is to be taken as soon as possible for fevers.
The right response is B.
Does having a fever have any advantages?What advantages does having a fever have? No sickness causes a fever. It is an indication that your body is struggling to fight off a disease or infection. Fever activates the body's defenses, causing white blood cells and other "fighter" cells to be sent to battle and eradicate the infection's root cause.
Is a fever beneficial to the immune system?Your immune system can fight infections in two ways with the aid of a fever. The body's internal temperature affects how quickly cells function, particularly those that fight disease. They can react to encroaching pathogens more quickly. Additionally, bacterial and viral growth is hampered by greater body temperatures.
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