When a photoelectron is emitted from a metal surface, the work function is the minimum energy required to extract the photoelectron from the metal. If a photon with energy greater than the work function strikes the metal surface.
The equation to calculate the cutoff frequency is given as:\($f_0 = \frac{W}{h}$\) where W is the work function of the metal and h is the Planck’s constant.
Here, the work function for potassium is 2.26 eV. The value of Planck’s constant is h = 6.626 × 10-34 J s. To convert the work function from electron volts (eV) to joules (J), we can use the conversion factor 1 eV = 1.6 × 10-19 J.
Therefore, the work function of potassium in joules is given as:
\($W = 2.26 \text{ eV} × 1.6 × 10^{-19} \text{ J/eV} = 3.616 × 10^{-19} \text{ J}$\)
Substituting the values of W and h in the above equation, we get:
\($f_0 = \frac{W}{h} = \frac{3.616 × 10^{-19} \text{ J}}{6.626 × 10^{-34} \text{ J s}} = 5.45 × 10^{14} \text{ Hz}$\)
Since the question asks for the cutoff frequency in terahertz, we can convert the above answer from hertz to terahertz by dividing it by 1012.
Therefore, the cutoff frequency when potassium is used as photoelectrode is:
\($f_0 = 5.45 × 10^{14} \text{ Hz} = 545 \text{ THz}$\)
Hence, the cutoff frequency is 545 THz when potassium is used as photoelectrode.
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Two hockey pucks are sliding along the ice, towards the same goal, one directly in front of the other. The hockey puck in front has a mass of 0.170 kg, and is moving towards the goal at a speed of 6.0 m/s. The hockey puck in the rear has a mass of 0.155 kg, and is moving towards the goal at a speed of 11 m/s. After the rear puck collides with the front puck, the rear puck has a speed of 7.5 m/s. What is the speed of the front puck after the collision?
A. 9.2 m/s
B. 2.7 m/s
C. 9.5 m/s
D. 1.6 m/s
Answer: A.9.2m/s
Explanation:
Which of the following is a property of a transverse wave?
A. It needs a medium to travel.
B. It travels up and down.
C. They are visible to the nake eye.
D. It travels by compressing particles.
The correct answer is option B. It travels up and down. Transverse waves are characterized by the fact that they cause particles in the medium to move perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.
What are transverse waves?Transverse waves are a type of wave that causes the particles of the medium to move up and down or side to side as the wave passes through them.
The other options are not right because:
Option A: It describes a property of a longitudinal wave, not a transverse wave. Longitudinal waves do need a medium to travel, whereas transverse waves can travel through a vacuum, such as light waves.Option C: It is not necessarily true that transverse waves are visible to the unaided eye. Some transverse waves, such as light waves, are visible, but others, such as radio waves, are not.Option D: It describes a property of a longitudinal wave, not a transverse wave. Longitudinal waves travel by compressing particles, whereas transverse waves travel by perpendicular vibrations.Learn more about transverse waves here:
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A car travels from A to B and from B back to A.If the distance between A and B is 12 km and it took 20 minutes to travel full , then the average speed and average velocity of the car is
Answer:
Average speed = 0, Average velocity = 0.02 m/s
Explanation:
Given that,
A car travels from A to B and from B back to A.
The distance between A and B is 12 km
It took 20 minutes to travel full.
We need to find the average speed and the average velocity of the car.
As the car reaches the point from where it was started, the displacement of the car is equal to 0. As a result, the average velocity is equal to 0.
For average speed,
\(s=\dfrac{12+12}{60\times 20}\\\\s=0.02\ m/s\)
Hence, this is the required solution.
A 4.50 kilogram block of wood at 20.0°C is uniformly heated using 90,000. joules of heat. What will be the resulting
temperature of the block? (Cp for wood = 1,800. J/kg-°C)
Answer:
Final temperature, T2 = 31.11°C
Explanation:
Given the following data;
Mass = 4.5kg
Initial temperature = 20°C
Quantity of heat = 90000J
Specific heat capacity = 1,800. J/kg-°C
To find the final temperature;
Heat capacity is given by the formula;
\( Q = mcdt\)
Where;
Q represents the heat capacity or quantity of heat.
m represents the mass of an object.
c represents the specific heat capacity of water.
dt represents the change in temperature.
Making dt the subject of formula, we have;
\( dt = \frac {Q}{mc} \)
Substituting into the equation, we have;
\( dt = \frac {90000}{4.5*1800} \)
\( dt = \frac {90000}{8100} \)
dt = 11.11°C
Now, to find the final temperature T2;
But, dt = T2 - T1
Substituting into the equation, we have;
T2 = 11.11 + 20
Final temperature, T2 = 31.11°C
Centripetal force does no work on a circularly-moving object because
a)no change in energy occurs.
b)centripetal force has no component in the direction of motion.
c)rotational energy transfers to kinetic energy.
d)none of the above.
The correct option is c) centripetal force has no component in the direction of motion. Centripetal force does no work on a circularly-moving object because it has no component in the direction of motion.
What is meant by centripetal force?Centripetal force is the force that compels a shift in direction of velocity towards the center of the circular motion. The component of the force which is vertical to the velocity is the part resulting in the centripetal force.
What is the connection between gravity and centrifugal force?Gravity acts in the opposite direction of centrifugal force. The gravitational force attracts the thing to the earth's center. The centrifugal force acts radially outwardly, attempting to hurl the object away.
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010) Identify the true statement. Group of answer choices The height of waves is determined by wind strength and fetch. Wave base is the lowest sea surface elevation attained during the passage of a wave. Waves have no effect on the seafloor near the shoreline. Waves speed up as they enter shallower water.'
Answer:
The height of the wave is determined by the wind strength and fetch.
Explanation:
The height of the wave is determined by the wind strength and fetch.
The more the strength and the more the fetch size the more will be the height of the wave.
Remember as the wave approaches the coast its wavelength decreases and the wave height increases, whereas when the wave goes away from the coast its wavelength increases and height decreases.
what other change could double the fundamental frequency? (changing length in this case refers to moving the fixed point to a different position of the string, perhaps by putting down a finger on the guitar string).
The length of a vibrating string or column of air, there are a few other ways to double the fundamental frequency of a sound wave. These include:
Changing the tension of the string or column of air: The fundamental frequency of a vibrating string or column of air is proportional to the square root of the tension. Changing the density of the medium: The speed of sound waves in a medium depends on the density of the medium.Changing the type of wave: Different types of waves have different equations governing their frequencies.Sound waves are a type of mechanical wave that propagates through a medium, such as air or water. They are longitudinal waves, meaning that they oscillate in the same direction as the direction of energy transfer. Sound waves are produced by the vibrations of an object, such as a musical instrument or a speaker. These vibrations cause the molecules in the surrounding medium to oscillate, creating a wave that propagates through the medium.
The frequency of the wave determines the pitch of the sound, while the amplitude determines the loudness. Sound waves can be characterized by several properties, including wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and velocity. The speed of sound varies depending on the medium through which it travels, with faster speeds in denser materials like solids.
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Why are people so rude???
Answer:
It could be low self-esteem
Explanation:
There probably insecure have problems and issues of their own could be that were abused growing up and weren’t treated right who knows.
James is planning a science fair project on sound waves. He places an alarm inside a jar which he can remove the
air from. Before he removes the air, he can hear the alarm ringing. After he removes the alr, he cannot hear the
alarm ringing. What condusion can you draw from this experiment?
A. Sound waves can travel in a vacuum
B. Sound waves are transverse waves and are loud
C. Sound waves cannot travel through a medium
D. Sound waves require a medium to travel through
Answer: c
Explanation:
Sound waves cannot travel through a medium
Can someone pls answer
Answer:
im still in elementry so you got to do it yo self
Explanation:
so me confused
Migratory birds use Earth’s magnetic field to guide them. Some people are concerned that human-caused magnetic fields could interfere with bird navigation. Suppose that a pair of parallel high-voltage lines, each carrying a current of 100A are 3.00 meters apart and lie in the same horizontal plane. Find the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field the lines produce at a point 15.0 m above the midpoint between the two lines in each of these two cases:
Solution :
The direction of current is into the page.
The magnetic field \($B_1$\) due to the wire is perpendicular to AP and the magnetic field \($B_2$\) due to the wire is perpendicular to BP. Thus, the net magnetic field at point P is towards the right.
The net magnetic field at point P is
\($B_{net} = B_1 \cos \theta + B_2 \cos \theta$\)
The magnetic field is
\($B_1=B_2=\frac{\mu_0I}{2 \pi L}$\)
The angle θ is
\($\theta = \cos^{-1}\frac{h}{L}$\)
The net magnetic field at point P is
\($B_{net}=\left(\frac{\mu_0I}{2 \pi L}\right)\left(\frac{h}{L}\right)+\left(\frac{\mu_0I}{2 \pi L}\right)\left(\frac{h}{L}\right)$\)
\($=\frac{\mu_0 Ih}{\pi L^2}$\)
a). The direction of the current for both the wires is from north to south. The net magnetic field is towards the right when we are facing south.
\($B_{net}=\frac{\mu_0 Ih}{\pi L^2}$\)
\($=\frac{\mu_0I L}{\pi \left(\sqrt{h^2+(d/2)^2\right)^2}}$\)
\($=\frac{4 \pi \times 10^{-7} \times 100 \times 15}{\pi \left(\sqrt{15^2+(3/2)^2\right)^2}}$\)
\($=2.64 \times 10^{-6} \ T$\)
The direction is towards the west.
b). Since, both the magnetic field are equal and opposite, so no magnetic field is produced.
A light-year is a unit of a. time. c. mass. b. distance. d. density. please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
Answer:
distance
Explanation:
it is the distance traveled by light in one year
An air conditioner costs $13.50 to run for nine hours a day. If the thermostat temperature was adjusted so that the air conditioner would be on only five hours a day, how much money would be saved daily
Adjusting the thermostat to reduce the air conditioner usage to five hours a day would save $7.50 daily.
The cost to run the air conditioner for nine hours a day is $13.50. To find the cost per hour, we can divide the total cost by the number of hours: \(\frac{13.50}{9} = $1.50 per hour\).
If the air conditioner is only running for five hours a day, the daily cost would be 5 hours × $1.50 per hour = $7.50.
By adjusting the thermostat to reduce the air conditioner usage from nine hours to five hours, there would be a daily saving of $7.50. This reduction in operating time leads to decreased energy consumption, resulting in cost savings. It's important to note that these calculations assume a consistent electricity rate and do not consider other factors such as seasonal variations, maintenance costs, or the specific energy efficiency of the air conditioner.
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a 4.7-kg solid sphere, made of metal whose density is 4000 kg/m3, hangs by a light cord. when the sphere is immersed in water, what is the tension in the cord? the density of water is 1000 kg/m3.
39.21 NTension in the cord The tension in the cord can be calculated as follows; Mass of sphere = 4.7 kg Density of water = 1000 kg/m³Density of the sphere = 4000 kg/m³Now, the density of the sphere will tell us the volume of the sphere.
The density of the solid sphere is 4000 kg/m³. It weighs 4.7 kg. When the sphere is immersed in water, the tension in the cord can be calculated as follows: So, we have the Volume of sphere = Mass/Density= 4.7/4000= 0.001175 m³The volume of water displaced by the sphere is equal to the volume of the sphere. The volume of water = Volume of sphere = 0.001175 m³Now, let's use the density of water to find the mass of the water that was displaced. The density of water is 1000 kg/m³. So, Mass of water displaced = Density of water × Volume of water= 1000 × 0.001175= 1.175 kgNow we can calculate the weight of the sphere. The weight is equal to the mass of the sphere × the acceleration due to gravity (g). We can assume g to be 9.8 m/s².Weight of sphere = Mass of sphere × g= 4.7 × 9.8= 46.06 NTension in the cord = Weight of sphere - Buoyant force= 46.06 - (mass of water displaced × g)= 46.06 - (1.175 × 9.8)= 39.21 N.
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What would scientists using classical, Newtonian physics expect to observe
during the photoelectric effect?
A. That enough light of any frequency would cause electrons to flow
O B. That light above a certain frequency would not cause electrons to
flow
O C. That no light would cause electrons to flow
O D. That light below a certain frequency would not cause electrons to
flow
Answer:
A. That enough light of any frequency would cause electrons to flow.
Explanation:
A P E X
Scientists using classical, Newtonian physics expect to observe the photoelectric effect because enough light of any frequency would cause electrons to flow.
What is the photoelectric effect?When a medium receives electromagnetic radiation, electrostatically charged particles are emitted from or inside it.
The emission of ions from a steel plate when light falls on it is a common definition of the effect. The substance could be a solid, liquid, or gas; and the released particles could be protons or electrons.
Scientists using classical, Newtonian physics expect to observe the photoelectric effect because enough light of any frequency would cause electrons to flow.
The flow of the electron is a must to understand the photo electric effect.
Hence option A is correct.
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Brady chucks a water balloon at Russell in the lunchroom. Running for his life, Russell travels 147m in 9.8s. What was his speed?
A 1. 5-kω resistor and 27. 7-mh inductor are connected in series to a vrms = 120 v ac power source oscillating at a frequency of f = 60 hz. The voltage as a function of time is given by
The voltage as a function of time for the power source oscillating at the given frequency is determined as V = 169.7sin(120πt).
Peak voltageThe peak voltage of the source is calculated as follows;
Vrms = 0.7071V₀
120 = 0.7071V₀
V₀ = 120/0.7071
V₀ = 169.7 V
Angular frequency of the waveω = 2πf
where;
f is frequency = 60 Hz
ω = 2π x 60
ω = 120π rad/s
Voltage equation as function of timeV = V₀sin(ωt)
V = 169.7sin(120πt)
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The voltage equation is a function of a time is V = 169.7sin(120πt) if the 1. 5-kω resistor and 27. 7-mh inductors are connected in series to a vrms = 120 v ac power source oscillating at a frequency of f = 60 Hz.
What is induced voltage?Electromagnetic induction causes the induced voltage. Electromagnetic induction is the process of creating emf (induced voltage) by exposing a conductor to a magnetic field.
We have:
\(\rm V{rms} = 120\)
We know:
\(\rm V_{rms} = 0.7071V_o\)
\(\rm 120 = 0.7071V_o\)
\(\rm V_o = 169.70\) Volts
Expression for the angular frequency is given by:
ω = 2πf
Where f is frequency
ω = 2π x 60
ω = 120π rad/s
Voltage equation as a function of time is given by:
V = V₀sin(ωt)
V = 169.7sin(120πt)
Thus, the voltage equation is a function of a time is V = 169.7sin(120πt) if the 1. 5-kω resistor and 27. 7-mh inductors are connected in series to a vrms = 120 v ac power source oscillating at a frequency of f = 60 Hz.
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Write it in both ways: using a generator function on its own, and within the__iter__method of a class.
Generator functions can be used on their own to create iterable objects. They are defined using the "yield" keyword instead of "return" and generate a sequence of values as they are iterated over.
On the other hand, generator functions can also be used within the __iter__ method of a class to create iterable objects. In this case, the generator function is defined within the class and called when the object is iterated over. This allows for greater control over the iteration process and the ability to add additional functionality to the iterable object. By defining the generator function within the class, it can also access the object's attributes and methods, allowing for greater flexibility in the iteration process. Overall, using generator functions within a class allows for more customizable and efficient iteration over large datasets.
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An electron (charge -e) is at rest in a region of electric potential that varies as a function of position. When released it will move A. into a region of lower potential B. into a region of higher potential c. along an equipotential line D. in the direction of the electric field E. in the direction perpendicular to the electric field F. not at all
An electron (charge -e) is at rest in a region of electric potential that varies as a function of position. When released it will move A. into a region of lower potential.
Since the electric potential varies as a function of position, there will be regions of higher and lower potential energy. The electron will move from a region of higher potential energy to a region of lower potential energy. Therefore, the electron will move into a region of lower potential The direction of the electric field is perpendicular to the equipotential lines. Therefore, the electron will move in the direction of the electric field if the equipotential lines are not parallel to the electric field.
If the equipotential lines are parallel to the electric field, the electron will move perpendicular to the electric field. In summary, the electron will move into a region of lower potential while following the direction of the electric field or moving perpendicular to it depending on the orientation of the equipotential lines. So therefore the correct answer is An electron (charge -e) is at rest in a region of electric potential that varies as a function of position. When released it will move A. into a region of lower potential.
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Please Give a detailed explanation on F1 F2 generation,
Self , cross breeding results etc..
please....
Answer:
F1 will be all blue
F2 25% will be white
Explanation:
By cross breeding BB and bb all flowers will end up as Bb in the first generation.
In the second generation using a punet square and breeding Bb with Bb then 1/4 is bb and therefor 1/4 is white
Which of the following are the two key starting assumptions of theoretical models of galaxy evolution? a. (1) The beginning of the universe can be modeled as a giant supernova explosion and (2) this supernova created all the elements in the proportions we find them today b. (1) Hydrogen and helium gas, along with dark matter, filled all of space and (2) the distribution of this material was perfectly uniform everywhere c. (1) Hydrogen gas, along with dark matter, filled all of space and (2) all the other elements came from stars d. (1) Hydrogen and helium gas, along with dark matter, filled all of space and (2) some regions of the universe were slightly denser than others
The correct answer is (d) - the two key starting assumptions of theoretical models of galaxy evolution are that (1) hydrogen and helium gas, along with dark matter, filled all of space and (2) some regions of the universe were slightly denser than others. These initial conditions set the stage for the formation of structures, including galaxies and clusters of galaxies, through the processes of gravitational collapse and star formation. The exact details of how these processes work and how they give rise to the observed properties of galaxies are the subject of ongoing research in astrophysics. However, the starting assumptions provide a framework for understanding the basic ingredients and forces at play in the evolution of the universe as a whole.
The correct answer to your question is option d: (1) Hydrogen and helium gas, along with dark matter, filled all of space and (2) some regions of the universe were slightly denser than others. These two key starting assumptions of theoretical models of galaxy evolution are essential for understanding how galaxies formed and evolved over time.
Initially, the universe was predominantly filled with hydrogen and helium gas, which are the lightest and most abundant elements, as well as dark matter. Dark matter, although not directly observable, is believed to make up a significant portion of the universe's total mass and plays a crucial role in the formation and evolution of galaxies.
The second assumption acknowledges that the distribution of these gases and dark matter was not perfectly uniform across the universe. Some regions were slightly denser than others. This uneven distribution led to the formation of gravitational potential wells, where matter began to accumulate and form into galaxies. Over time, as the universe expanded and cooled, these denser regions acted as the seeds for the formation of large-scale structures, including galaxy clusters and superclusters.
By considering these two key starting assumptions, theoretical models of galaxy evolution can accurately predict and explain the observed properties of galaxies and their distribution in the universe.
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Which of the following is not key evidence in support of the idea that all life today shares a common ancestor?
We have identified fossils of the first life forms that ever existed on Earth.
The identification of fossils of the first life forms that ever existed on Earth is not key evidence in support of the idea that all life today shares a common ancestor.
The existence of fossils does provide evidence for the presence of ancient life on Earth, but it does not directly support the idea of a common ancestor. Fossils can show us the diversity of life forms that have existed throughout history, but they do not provide definitive proof of a single common ancestor for all life today. Other forms of evidence, such as genetic similarities and shared biochemical processes, are more crucial in supporting the concept of a common ancestor for all life on Earth.
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What is Heat engine?
Answer:
An engine made of heat!
Okay actual answer, A heat engine is a mechanical energy converter that transforms heat or thermal energy to mechanical energy.
Given the resistivities below, which matedal is best described as an insulator?
O A. 4.5 Ω•m
O B. 2.8 x 10-8 Ω•m
O c. 3.2 x 108 Ω•m
O D. 1.7 x 10-8 Ω•m
Answer:
C. 3.2 x 10^8 Ω•m
Explanation:
An insulator is a material that resists the flow of electricity.
In the given data the material with the highest resistivity is the best insulator
3.2 x 10^8 Ω•m
what is an example of a solid solute that does not follow the general trend of increasing solubility with increasing temperature?
One example of a solid solute that does not follow the general trend of increasing solubility with increasing temperature is calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO₄·2H₂O) in water.
This compound is commonly known as gypsum, which is a mineral that occurs naturally in many parts of the world.
Gypsum exhibits a decrease in solubility with increasing temperature, which is contrary to the general trend. At room temperature, the solubility of gypsum in water is about 0.2 g/100 mL, but as the temperature increases, the solubility decreases. At 100 °C, the solubility of gypsum in water is only about 0.1 g/100 mL.
This phenomenon is due to the fact that the dissolution of gypsum in water is an exothermic process, which means that heat is released when the compound dissolves. Therefore, as the temperature increases, the solubility of gypsum decreases because the process becomes less thermodynamically favorable.
Gypsum is an important example to consider in various industrial and environmental applications, including the use of gypsum in construction, the control of scaling and corrosion in industrial processes, and the treatment of wastewater.
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global climate is determined
Answer:
Global climate is determined depending on the amount of energy given from the sun to the certain area.
Example:
When it is Summer, (June, July) the Northern Hemisphere receives the most light and heat because it is tilted toward the sun.
Why does a traveller's bag have wheels
Answer:
To make carrying the loads easier
Answer:
It's convenient and easy to rove a traveller's bag when it has wheels. You could easily drag the bag without hesitation instead of lifting it or pushing it heavily.
The Doppler Effect has applications in robotics.
A) False
B) True
The mirror of Michelson Interferometer is moved a length equal to the wavelength of the incident light. Find the shift in fringes.
The shift in fringes is equal to 1. This means that the position of the fringes has shifted by one full fringe.
A Michelson interferometer is a type of interferometer that divides a wavefront by splitting a beam of light into two perpendicular paths.
By combining these waves, interference occurs, resulting in a pattern of bright and dark fringes known as an interferogram.
Therefore, let’s find the shift in fringes when the mirror of Michelson Interferometer is moved a length equal to the wavelength of the incident light.
First, it is important to note that the number of fringes observed in an interferometer depends on the wavelength of light being used, as well as the path difference between the two beams.
The following equation is used to calculate the number of fringes shifted:ΔN = ΔL/λwhere:ΔN = number of fringes shiftedΔL = distance moved by the mirrorλ = wavelength of light.
When the mirror is moved a distance equal to the wavelength of the incident light, the path difference between the two beams is equal to one wavelength.
Thus, there will be a shift of one fringe as a result.
Substituting the values into the equation, we have:ΔN = (1λ)/λΔN = 1
Therefore, the shift in fringes is equal to 1.
This means that the position of the fringes has shifted by one full fringe.
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22.What factor determines in the direction of heat flow between objects?Select one:a. The difference in density of the objects. b. The difference in mass of the objects.c. The difference in temperature of the objects. d. The difference in size of the objects.
We will have that the factor that determines the direction of the heat flow between objects is the difference in temperature.