Answer:
The sign of ΔH is negative and reaction is exothermic so correct option is D.
Explanation:
Chemical reactions are endothermic if the heat of reaction is written on the reactant side of the equation. The heat of the reaction in exothermic reactions is written on the product side. The energy that is either released or absorbed when chemicals are changed in a chemical reaction is known as the heat of reaction. The heat of reaction, also known as reaction enthalpy, is frequently given as either specific enthalpy in kJ/kg or kJ/L or as molar enthalpy in kJ/mol.
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The process's H indication The reaction of NaCl(l) NaCl(s) is positive and endothermic.
The process of melting salt is endothermic.
Gibbs free energy is connected to enthalpy change and entropy change at constant temperature in the following ways:
ΔG= ΔH– TΔS
The given reaction is,
NaCl (l) → NaCl(g)
Now, we know that, as we move from solid to liquid and liquid to gas, entropy increases.
Thus, in the given reaction, entropy increases.
Also, if ΔG> 0, reaction is never spontaneous, and if ΔG< 0, reaction is spontaneous.
Now, as ΔS is positive, so, ΔG will be negative i.e. exothermic if and only if ΔH is negative.
Therefore, the correct option is negative and the process is exothermic. The reaction is as follows: NaCl(l) NaCl (g)
We now know that entropy rises as a substance changes state from solid to liquid and then from liquid to gas.
Entropy so rises in the process described.
Additionally, a reaction is always spontaneous if G > 0, and never if G 0.
Since S is now positive, G will only be exothermic, or negative, if H is also negative.
As a result, the process is exothermic, and the right answer is negative.
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benzen has a boiling point of 80.10 c we know the change in boiling point for a solution of c6h14 in benzen is 2.25 what is the new boiling point for the solution
bp= ? c
The pressure of the environment affects the liquid's boiling point. The boiling point of the liquid is higher when it is under high pressure than when it is under normal atmospheric pressure. For a given pressure, various liquids have different boiling points.
The temperature at which a liquid's vapour pressure equals the surrounding atmosphere is known as the boiling point of the liquid. This temperature causes the liquid to become a vapour.
The temperature of the liquid, the pressure of the atmosphere, and the pressure of the vapour all affect its boiling point.
We know that change in temperature of a system is given by the following formula:
Initial boiling point (T₁) = 80.1 °C
ΔT = T₂ - T₁
2.25 = T₂ - 80.1
T₂ = 82.35 °C
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Answer:
82.35
Explanation:
acellus
Calculate the molar mass of Ca3(PO4)2
934.32 g Ca3(PO4)2 =______
moles Ca3(PO4)2
Answer:
Molar mass of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ = 310.18 g/mol934.32 g Ca₃(PO₄)₂ = 3.01 moles Ca₃(PO₄)₂Explanation:
The molar mass (MM) of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ can be calculated as follows:
MM of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ = (MM of Ca)*3 + [(MM of P) +(MM of O)*4]*2MM of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ = 310.18 g/molNow we can convert 934.32 g of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ into moles:
934.32 g ÷ 310.18 g/mol = 3.01 molesThe thanksgiving luang cave system is estimated to be 35 million cubic meters large. An estimated 250 million liters of water was pumped out of the Dave over the course of the rescue if all the water had remained in the cave system instead of being pumped out what percent of the cave would have been filled with water?
If all the pumped water had remained in the cave system, approximately 71.43% of the cave would have been filled with water.
To calculate the percentage of the Thanksgiving Luang cave system that would have been filled with water if all the pumped water had remained, we need to find the ratio of the volume of water to the total volume of the cave system.Given that the cave system is estimated to be 35 million cubic meters large and 250 million liters of water were pumped out, we need to convert liters to cubic meters. Since 1 liter is equal to 0.001 cubic meters, the pumped water volume in cubic meters is 250 million multiplied by 0.001, which is 250,000 cubic meters.To find the percentage, we divide the volume of water (250,000 cubic meters) by the total volume of the cave system (35 million cubic meters) and multiply by 100.
Percentage = (Volume of water / Total volume of cave system) x 100
= (250,000 / 35,000,000) x 100
≈ 0.7143 x 100
≈ 71.43%
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Sodium sulfate solution contains sodium lons, Na+, sulfate ions, (SO4)2-, hydrogen ions, H+, and hydroxide ions, OH-.
When sodium sulfate is electrolyzed, hydrogen is produced at one electrode and oxygen is produced at the other electrode.
Explain how these products are formed from the ions in the electrolysis process, indicating how you would identify the products.
(6 marks)
Water is oxidized and reduced at both electrodes
Further explanationElectrolysis utilizes electrical energy to carry out non-spontaneous redox reactions. The ions in the solution flowed by an electric current will move toward the electrode opposite the charge.
The negative ions from the solution will move towards the positive electrode, and release electrons around the positive electrode (oxidation occurs) and electrons flow to the negative pole
While around the negative electrode electron binding occurs and a reduction reaction occurs
the reaction at the cathode:
1. the reduced active metal is water, other than that the metal will be reduced
2. H⁺ of the acid will be reduced
For reactions in anode:
1. if the electrodes are not inert then the metal is oxidized
2. If inert then:
a. OH⁻ from the base will be oxidized
b. The halogen metal will oxidize
Na⁺ (cathode)⇒metal group 1 and 2 ⇒ H₂O reduced2H₂O(l)+2e⁻⇒ H₂(g)+2OH⁻(aq)
SO₄²⁻ (anode)⇒acid ion(oxyacid)⇒H₂O oxidized2H₂O(l)⇒4H⁺(aq)+O₂(g)+4e⁻
Discuss the following statement:
"Small changes in the chemical nature of polysaccharides results in significant differences in biological function"
Answer:
Explanation:
Small changes in the chemical nature of polysaccharides can make a big difference in how they work in our bodies. Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates found in things like fiber and medicines. Even tiny changes in their structure can affect how they are digested, how they interact with cells, and their overall impact on our health. Scientists can use these changes to create materials with specific properties or develop new treatments. So, even small tweaks in polysaccharides can have a significant impact on how they function in our bodies.
what are colligative properties of solutions ?
explain each property briefly !
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ty! :)
Explanation:
colligative properties are properties that depend on the concentration of molecules or ions of the solute, but not on the identity of the solute. Colligative properties include lowering of vapour pressure, boiling point elevation, depression of the freezing point, and osmotic pressure
Answer:
1. Vapor pressure
2. Boiling point
3. freezing point
4. Osmic pressure
Explanation:
1. Vapor pressure: the pressure by the gas in equilibrium with a solid or a liquid at a given temperature is called the Vapor pressure.
2. Boiling point: the temperature at which a liquid boils and turns into Vapor.
3. Freezing point: the temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid when cooled.
4. Osmic pressure: Osmotic pressure is the minimum pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of its pure solvent across a semipermeable membrane. It is also defined as the measure of the tendency of a solution to take in a pure solvent by osmosis.
How do you out pizza the hut?
75 POINTS!!!
Describe the plate movements in a Divergent(Constructive), Convergent (Destructive) and a Transform (Conservative) Plate Margin. (these are also called plate boundaries). Your answer should define these THREE types of margins or boundaries by explaining the type of movement that occurs.
The type of movement that occurs in the plate movement listed above include the following:
A divergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other.A convergent boundary occurs when lithospheric plates are moving towards one another.Transform boundaries are created when tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally.What is a Tectonic plate?These are gigantic pieces of the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle and are made up of oceanic crust and continental crust.
A convergent boundary as the name implies occurs when lithospheric plates are moving towards one another.
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Calculate the cell potential for the galvanic cell in which the given reaction occurs at 25 °C, given that [Sn2+]=0.0624 M, [Fe3+]=0.0437 M, [Sn4+]=0.00655 M, and [Fe2+]=0.01139 M. Standard reduction potentials can be found in this table.
Sn2+(aq)+2Fe3+(aq)↽−−⇀ Sn4+(aq)+2Fe2+(aq)
So far my incorrect answers have been:
0.28
0.798
0.178
0.142
0.881
0.61
and 0.812
Answer:
The cell potential for the given galvanic cell is 0.188 V.
Explanation:
To calculate the cell potential, we can use the Nernst equation:
Ecell = E°cell - (RT/nF)ln(Q)
where E°cell is the standard cell potential, R is the gas constant (8.314 J/mol·K), T is the temperature in Kelvin (25°C = 298 K), n is the number of moles of electrons transferred (in this case, n = 2), F is the Faraday constant (96,485 C/mol), and Q is the reaction quotient.
First, we need to write the half-reactions and their standard reduction potentials:
Sn4+(aq) + 2e- → Sn2+(aq) E°red = 0.15 V
Fe3+(aq) + e- → Fe2+(aq) E°red = 0.77 V
The overall reaction is the sum of the half-reactions:
Sn2+(aq) + 2Fe3+(aq) → Sn4+(aq) + 2Fe2+(aq)
The reaction quotient Q can be expressed as:
Q = [Sn4+][Fe2+]^2 / [Sn2+][Fe3+]^2
Substituting the given concentrations, we get:
Q = (0.00655)(0.01139)^2 / (0.0624)(0.0437)^2 = 0.209
Now we can calculate the cell potential:
Ecell = 0.15 V + 0.0592 V log([Fe2+]^2/[Fe3+]) + 0.0592 V log([Sn4+]/[Sn2+])
= 0.15 V + 0.0592 V log(0.01139^2/0.0437^2) + 0.0592 V log(0.00655/0.0624)
= 0.188 V
Therefore, the cell potential for the given galvanic cell is 0.188 V.
The cell potential for the given galvanic cell in which the given reaction occurs at 25 °C is 0.188 V.
How to the cell potential of galvanic cell?To find the cell potential, we take the Nernst equation:
Ecell = E°cell - (RT/nF)ln(Q)
In which R is the gas constant (8.314 J/mol·K) and E° cell is the standard cell potential.
T temperature in Kelvin (25°C = 298 K), and n is the number of moles of electrons transferred (n = 2), Q is the reaction quotient and F is the Faraday constant (96,485 C/mol).
Firstly, write the half-reactions and then their standard reduction potentials:
Sn⁴⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ → Sn²⁺(aq) E°red = 0.15 V
Fe³⁺(aq) + e⁻ → Fe²⁺(aq) E°red = 0.77 V
The overall reaction is the sum of the half-reactions:
Sn²⁺(aq) + 2Fe³⁺(aq) → Sn⁴⁺(aq) + 2Fe²⁺(aq)
The Q reaction quotient can be written as:
Q = [Sn⁴⁺][Fe²⁺]² ÷ [Sn²⁺][Fe²⁺]²
Substituting the given concentrations, we observe:
Q = (0.00655)(0.01139)² ÷ (0.0624)(0.0437)² = 0.209
Next, we can find the cell potential:
Ecell = 0.15 V + 0.0592 V log([Fe²⁺]²/[Fe³⁺]) + 0.0592 V log([Sn⁴⁺]/[Sn²⁺])
= 0.15 V + 0.0592 V log(0.01139²÷0.0437²) + 0.0592 V log(0.00655÷0.0624)
= 0.188 V
Thus, the cell potential for the given galvanic cell is 0.188 V.
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Which scientist's atomic model is most resent.
Now take a fresh 60 mL of the 0.50 M pH 6.83 buffer and add 3.7 mL of 1.00 M NaOH. Using steps similar to those above, calculate the new pH of the solution.
Answer:
pH = pKa + log (33.7 mm / 26.3 mm)
Explanation:
Initial pH = 6.83
If we add a strong base, we expect that pH would be more alkaline
Initially we have: 60 mL . 0.50M = 30 mmoles of acid
Now, we add the base:
3.7 mL . 1.00 M = 3.7 mmmoles of base
Concentration of acid: 30 mmoles - 3.7 mmoles of base = 26.3 mm
Concentration of salt: 30 mmmoles + 3.7 mmoles of base = 33.7 mm
pH = pka + log (33.7 mm / 26.3 mm)
Information of pKa is missing
A train travels 1800 kilometers in 6 hours what is the average speed of the train?
Answer:
300 kilometres per hourExplanation:
divide by 6 to get per hour
300 kilometres per hour
During which change is energy absorbed?
A tank contains 15 kg of dry air and 0.17 kg of water vapor at 30°C and 100 kPa total pressure. Determine
(a) the specific humidity, (b) the relative humidity, and (c) the volume of the tank.
The volume of the tank is approximately 130.75 m³.
To solve this problem, we need to use the concept of air and water vapor mixture. The given data includes the mass of dry air and water vapor, temperature, and total pressure. We can calculate the specific humidity, relative humidity, and volume of the tank using the following steps:
(a) Specific humidity:
The specific humidity (ω) is defined as the ratio of the mass of water vapor (m_w) to the total mass of the air-water vapor mixture (m_t):
ω = m_w / m_t
Given that the mass of water vapor is 0.17 kg and the total mass of the mixture is 15 kg + 0.17 kg = 15.17 kg, we can calculate the specific humidity:
ω = 0.17 kg / 15.17 kg ≈ 0.0112
So, the specific humidity is approximately 0.0112.
(b) Relative humidity:
Relative humidity (RH) is the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor (P_w) to the saturation vapor pressure of water (P_ws) at the given temperature, multiplied by 100:
RH = (P_w / P_ws) * 100
To find the relative humidity, we need to determine the saturation vapor pressure at 30°C. Using a vapor pressure table or equation, we can find that the saturation vapor pressure at 30°C is approximately 4.246 kPa.
Given that the total pressure is 100 kPa, the partial pressure of water vapor is 0.17 kg / 15.17 kg * 100 kPa = 1.119 kPa.
Now we can calculate the relative humidity:
RH = (1.119 kPa / 4.246 kPa) * 100 ≈ 26.34%
So, the relative humidity is approximately 26.34%.
(c) Volume of the tank:
To find the volume of the tank, we can use the ideal gas law equation:
PV = nRT
Where P is the total pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
First, we need to calculate the number of moles of dry air and water vapor in the tank. The number of moles (n) can be obtained using the equation:
n = m / M
Where m is the mass and M is the molar mass.
The molar mass of dry air is approximately 28.97 g/mol, and the molar mass of water vapor is approximately 18.015 g/mol.
For dry air:
n_air = 15 kg / 0.02897 kg/mol ≈ 517.82 mol
For water vapor:
n_water = 0.17 kg / 0.018015 kg/mol ≈ 9.43 mol
Now we can calculate the volume using the ideal gas law:
V = (n_air + n_water) * R * T / P
Given that R is the gas constant (8.314 J/(mol·K)), T is the temperature in Kelvin (30°C + 273.15 = 303.15 K), and P is the total pressure (100 kPa), we can calculate the volume:
V = (517.82 mol + 9.43 Mol) * 8.314 J/(mol·K) * 303.15 K / (100,000 Pa) ≈ 130.75 m³
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Phthalonitrile (C₈H₄N₂) is produced by the ammoxidation of o-xylene (C₈H₁₀) according to the following reaction:
C₈H₁₀(l) + O₂(g) + NH₃(g) → C₈H₄N₂(s) + H₂O(l)
How many moles of water would be produced by the complete ammoxidation of 145.0 grams of o-xylene?
0.6066 moles of water are produced by complete ammoxidation of 145 g of o-xylene.
How are number of moles calculated?Number of moles are calculated by dividing the mass by the molar mass of the substance.In the reaction between o-xylene ,ammonia and oxygen pthalonitrile is produced.
Here, the number of o-xylene is calculated by the above mentioned formula which is 1.365 moles.Then, as per stoichiometry and balanced chemical equation ,
1.365 moles of o-xylene×8 moles of water/1 mole of xylene ×18 g water
=0.6066 moles
Thus,0.6066 moles of water are produced from 145 g of o-xylene.
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a. Identify the structures shown in the diagram. b. Identify the information that is contained within these structures. c. Describe how the structures from this cell would compare to the structures in the nucleus of another body cell from the same person. d. Explain why the structures are in pairs.
The answer responses to the structures shown in the diagram are:
A. chromosomes
C. They would be the same.
B. They are in pairs because each one comes from a different parent.
What is the structure about?The chromosomes are in pairs because humans have a diploid number of chromosomes, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent.
The nucleus is important in eukaryotic cells and has many important parts that help the cell work properly. There are some parts inside cells called the nuclear membrane, nucleoplasm, nucleolus, and chromatin. Chromatin is made up of DNA and other proteins.
Every part of a person's body has the same genes, but the way they are organized can be different in different types of cells. The chromosomes in our skin cells might not be the same as the chromosomes in our muscle cells, even if they come from the same person.
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Identify the structures shown.
A. chromosomes
B. mitochondria
C. nuclei
D. vacuoles
C
Describe how the structures from this cell would compare to the structures in the nucleus of another body cell from the same person.
A. There would be longer.
B. They would be shorter.
C. They would be the same.
D. They would be different.
Describe how the structures from this cell would compare to the structures in the nucleus of another body cell from the same person.
A. There would be longer.
B. They would be shorter.
C. They would be the same.
D. They would be different.
Explain why the structures are in pairs.
A. They aren't in pairs.
B. They are in pairs because each one comes from a different parent.
C. This cell is making a copy of itself.
D. The cell always has 2 copies in case 1 is damaged.
What is a product?
A. A substance that is used during a chemical reaction
B. A substance that doesn't change during a chemical reaction
OC. A substance that turns into waste during a chemical reaction
OD. A substance that is produced during a chemical reaction
Answer:
D. something's that's produced during a chemical reaction
Answer:
Explanation:
The answer is Option D.
A substance that is produced during a chemical reaction.
for example in a chemical reaction A+B -----> C
here, reactants A and B react together to produce product C.
plz who can help me i have a final project and i am ready to pay 20$
Answer:
hey friend
how can I help you
Electrophilic substitution occurs
Answer:
I hope it's helpful for you....
Explanation:
Electrophilic substitution reactions are chemical reactions in which an electrophile displaces a functional group in a compound, which is typically, but not always, a hydrogen atom.
how many total electron pairs are in the structure of c s 2
The total number of the electron pairs are eight electron pairs.
What are electron pairs?We know that the structure of a compound can be determined by the number of the electron pairs that are found on the valence shell of the central atom of the compound.
We know that the central atom must be the atom that is least electronegative. Given that there are four valence electrons of carbon which is the central atom in the compound, we have eight electron pairs in the molecule. Thus the total number of valence electrons present is sixteen
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What is the pH of a 0.045 M H2SO4 solution?
Answer:
pH = 1.05
Explanation:
A solution of sulfuric acid, H₂SO₄, dissociates in water as follows:
H₂SO₄ → 2H⁺ + SO₄²⁻
That means per mole of H₂SO₄ you will have 2 moles of H⁺
pH = -log [H⁺]
As [H₂SO₄] = 0.045M and [H⁺] = 2×[H₂SO₄]
[H⁺] = 0.090M
pH = -log [0.090M]
pH = 1.05How many grams are in 3.21 x 1024 molecules of potassium hydroxide?
Answer:
3287.04 grams
Explanation:
The mass of 3.21 × 10²⁴ molecules of potassium hydroxide is equal to 298.5 g.
What is Avogadro's number?Avogadro’s constant can be explained as the proportionality factor that can be used to count the number of particles such as molecules, atoms, or ions in a given sample with a definite amount of substance.
Avogadro's number can be described as the approximate number of nucleons in 1 gram of substance. The value of the Avogadro constant can be expressed as the mass of one mole of a compound, in grams.
The value of Avogadro’s number is found about 6.022×10²³ mol⁻¹.
Given, the number of molecules of the KOH = 3.21 × 10²⁴
The mass of the one mole of KOH = 56 g/mol
The 6.022 × 10²³ molecules of KOH has mass = 56 g
The mass of 3.21 × 10²⁴ molecules of KOH = 56×(3.21× 10²⁴/6.022 × 10²³)
= 298.5 g
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Complete orbital diagrams (boxes with arrows in them) to represent the electron configuration of valence electrons of carbon before and after sp hybridization.
Answer:
Explanation:
Before Hybridization => C: 1s² ⇵ 2s²⇵ 2p₋₁↑ 2p₀↑ 2p₊₁∅
After Hybridization => C: 1s² 2sp¹ 2sp¹ 2p₀¹2p₊₁¹ => 2 hybrid orbitals and 2 unhybridized p-orbitals at the n=2 energy level.
compared to those
5. Electrons farther away from the nucleus in an atom have
closer to the nucleus.
O A. lower energy
OB. higher energy
O C. the same energy
O D. higher or lower energy, depending on the element
Explanation:
higher or lower energy, depending on the element
Answer:
B
Explanation:
help ASAP will give brainlist
Answer:
1. 3.83 L
2. 0.368 mole
Explanation:
1. Determination of the volume
Pressure (P) = 3.21 atm
Temperature (T) = 202 K
Number of mole (n) = 0.741 mole
Gas constant (R) = 0.0821 L.atm/molK
Volume (V) =?
The volume can be obtained by using the ideal gas equation as illustrated below:
PV = nRT
3.21 × V = 0.741 × 0.0821 × 202
3.21 × V = 12.3497283
Divide both side by 3.21
V = 12.2888922 / 3.21
V = 3.83 L
Thus, the volume of the gas is 3.83 L
2. Determination of the number of mole.
Pressure (P) = 2.50 atm
Temperature (T) = 215 K
Volume (V) = 2.60 L
Gas constant (R) = 0.0821 L.atm/molK
Number of mole (n) =?
The number of mole can be obtained by using the ideal gas equation as illustrated below:
PV = nRT
2.50 × 2.60 = n × 0.0821 × 215
6.5 = n × 17.6515
Divide both side by 17.6515
n = 6.5 / 17.6515
n = 0.368 mole
Thus, the number of mole of the gas is 0.368 mole.
How much energy must be removed from the system to freeze a 12.3 gram sample of water?
The amount of energy required to freeze a substance is known as the heat of fusion, which for water is 334 J/g. This means that 334 Joules of energy are required to freeze one gram of water.To find out how much energy is needed to freeze a 12.3 gram sample of water, we can multiply the mass by the heat of fusion:Energy = mass x heat of fusion
Energy = 12.3 g x 334 J/g
Energy = 4,110.2 JTherefore, 4,110.2 Joules of energy must be removed from the system to freeze a 12.3 gram sample of water.
multiplying by which conversion factor would allow you to convert 35 liters to milliliters
Multiplying by 1000 will allow you to convert 35 liters to milliliters
Conversion scale1 Liters = 1000 milliliters
Thus, multiply the value in liter by 1000 will convert it to milliters
With the above scale, we can convert 35 liters to milliliters. Details below:
How to convert 35 liters to millilitersWe can convert 35 liters to milliliters as illustrated below:
1 Liters = 1000 milliliters
Therefore,
35 liters = (35 liters × 1000 milliliters) / 1 liters
35 liters = 35000 milliliters
Thus, 35 liters is equivalent to 35000 milliliters
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Suppose a solution has a density of 1.87 g/mL. If a sample has a mass of 17.5 g the volume of the sample in mL is what?
how many grams of NaHCO3 would be required to produce one mole of carbon dioxide?
One mole of carbon dioxide would require 84.01 grams of NaHCO₃.
NaHCO₃ produces how many moles of CO₂?It is discovered that the ratio of moles of CO₂ generated to moles of NaHCO₃ reacted is 1:2.
We can observe from this equation that 1 mole of NaHCO₃ results in 1 mole of CO₂. As a result, NaHCO₃ and CO₂ have a molar ratio of 1:1.
Na2CO₃(s) + H₂O(g) + CO₂ = 2 NaHCO₃(s)(g)
CO₂ has a molar mass of about 44.01 g/mol. As a result, we must determine how much NaHCO₃ weighs in relation to one mole of CO₂. Using the molar mass of NaHCO₃, the following can be calculated:
Molar mass of NaHCO₃ is 84.01 g/mol.
The mass of NaHCO₃ needed to create one mole of CO₂ is as follows:
(84.01 g NaHCO₃/1 mole NaHCO₃) = 84.01 g CO₂/mol for 1 mole of NaHCO₃.
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Guysss how to explain nuclear chemistry? And define nuclear chemistry ?
Answer:
How do amoeba respire.
Define Diffusion.