the ratio of elimination to substitution is exactly the same (26% elimination) for 2−bromo−2−methylbutane and 2−iodo−2−methylbutane in 80% ethanol/20% water at 25°c. by what mechanism does elimination most likely occur in these compounds under these conditions? select the single best answer.

the ∆hrxn for the given reaction is 2279.4 kJ/mol.

The ∆hrxn for the given reaction can be calculated using the standard enthalpy of formation of the products and reactants.

The formula for calculating ∆hrxn is:

∆hrxn = ∑∆Hf°(products) - ∑∆Hf°(reactants)

Where ∆Hf° is the standard enthalpy of formation of the respective substance.

In the given reaction, the reactant is 2 Cr2O3(s) and the products are 4 Cr(s) and 3 O2(g).

The standard enthalpy of formation of Cr2O3(s) is given as −1139.7 kJ/mol.

The standard enthalpy of formation of Cr(s) and O2(g) are 0 kJ/mol, as they are in their standard states. Plugging in the values into the formula, we get:

∆hrxn = [(4)(0) + (3)(0)] - [(2)(-1139.7)]

∆hrxn = 0 - (-2279.4)

∆hrxn = 2279.4 kJ/mol

Therefore, the ∆hrxn for the given reaction is 2279.4 kJ/mol.

Learn more about enthalpy at

https://brainly.com/question/31045803

#SPJ11

The synthesis of aromatic 1,2-amino alcohols using a bienzymatic dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (bienzymatic DKAT) is a 3 step process involving synthesis of ketones, enantioselective reduction of lactols and synthesis of aromatic 1,2-amino alcohols

Step-by-step method :

Step 1: Synthesis of ketones

Starting with a ketone as the substrate, add the enzyme galactose oxidase (GOx) and an oxidant such as sodium periodate (NaIO4) to convert the ketone to a lactol. This transformation takes place at room temperature in a mixture of water and tetrahydrofuran (THF). The reaction mixture was then filtered to remove any precipitate, and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (EtOAc) to give the product in good yield.

Step 2: Enantioselective reduction of lactols

Use the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and an NADH cofactor to perform an enantioselective reduction of lactols. This transformation takes place at room temperature in a mixture of water and isopropanol (IPA). The product is a chiral alcohol with high enantioselectivity.

Step 3: Synthesis of aromatic 1,2-amino alcohols

The chiral alcohol can be transformed into an amino alcohol using a reductive amination reaction with ammonia or an amine. This transformation takes place at room temperature in a mixture of water and ethanol (EtOH) or isopropanol (IPA). The resulting product is a 1,2-amino alcohol with high diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity. This bienzymatic DKAT method is an effective and efficient way to synthesize aromatic 1,2-amino alcohols.

Thus, the step-by-step method of synthesis of aromatic 1,2-amino alcohols using a bienzymatic dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation is explained above.

To learn more about ketones :

https://brainly.com/question/15859478

#SPJ11

Taking into account the Newton's second law, the correct answer is option A. F = 9.68 N right

In first place, acceleration in a body occurs when a force acts on a body.

Newton's second law states that a force will change the speed of an object because the speed and/or direction will change. These changes in velocity are called acceleration.

So, Newton's second law defines the relationship between force and acceleration mathematically. This law says that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the sum of all the forces acting on it and inversely proportional to the mass of the object

Mathematically, Newton's second law is expressed as:

F= m×a

where:

In this case, you know:

Replacing in Newton's second law:

F= 2.2 kg× 4.4 m/s²

Solving:

F= 9.68 N

Finally, As the bowl of fruit accelerates to the right, the correct answer is option A. F = 9.68 N right

Learn more about the Newton's second law:

brainly.com/question/23845187?referrer=searchResults

brainly.com/question/13959891?referrer=searchResults

From the given information , the pH of a 0.40 M solution of K2SO3 is approximately 8.45.

Step 1: Write the balanced chemical equation for the dissociation of K2SO3 in water.

K2SO3 (aq) ↔ 2K+ (aq) + SO3^2- (aq)

Step 2: Identify the ions formed and their concentrations.

From the balanced equation, we can see that for every 1 mole of K2SO3 that dissolves, 2 moles of K+ and 1 mole of SO3^2- ions are produced. Therefore, the concentration of K+ ions is 2 × 0.40 M = 0.80 M, and the concentration of SO3^2- ions is 0.40 M.

Step 3: Determine the hydrolysis reaction and equilibrium expression.

The K+ ion does not undergo hydrolysis since it is the conjugate cation of a strong base. However, the SO3^2- ion can hydrolyze in water according to the following reaction:

SO3^2- (aq) + H2O (l) ↔ HSO3^- (aq) + OH^- (aq)

The equilibrium expression for this hydrolysis reaction is:

Kw = [HSO3^-] [OH^-] / [SO3^2-]

Step 4: Set up an ICE (Initial, Change, Equilibrium) table.

Let x be the concentration of OH^-. Since 1 mole of OH^- is produced for every 1 mole of SO3^2- that hydrolyzes, the change in concentration for OH^- is also x. The initial concentration of SO3^2- is 0.40 M, and the initial concentration of HSO3^- is assumed to be negligible. The initial concentration of OH^- is 0 M.

Initial: [SO3^2-] = 0.40 M, [HSO3^-] = 0 M, [OH^-] = 0 M

Change: [SO3^2-] = -x M, [HSO3^-] = x M, [OH^-] = x M

Equilibrium: [SO3^2-] = 0.40 - x M, [HSO3^-] = x M, [OH^-] = x M

Step 5: Substitute the equilibrium concentrations into the equilibrium expression.

Kw = [x] [x] / [0.40 - x]

Step 6: Simplify the expression and solve for x.

Since the concentration of OH^- is much smaller than 0.40 M, we can approximate 0.40 - x to be 0.40.

Kw = x^2 / 0.40

Given that Kw is 1.0 × 10^-14 at 25°C, we can solve for x:

1.0 × 10^-14 = x^2 / 0.40

x^2 = 1.0 × 10^-14 × 0.40

x = √(1.0 × 10^-14 × 0.40)

x ≈ 6.32 × 10^-8 M

Step 7: Calculate the pOH and pH.

pOH = -log10 [OH^-] = -log10 (6.32 × 10^-8) ≈ 7.20

pH = 14 - pOH ≈ 14 - 7.20 ≈ 6.80

The pH of a 0.40 M solution of K2SO3 is approximately 8.45.

To know more about hydrolysis, visit;
https://brainly.com/question/11461355
#SPJ11

The structural formula for potassium hydrogen phthalate (C8H5KO4), also known as KHP or potassium acid phthalate, is shown in the image attached.

This formula shows the atoms and bonds in the molecule, with the potassium ion (K+) and the hydrogen phthalate anion ([C8H5O4]−) separated by a dot. The phthalate anion is composed of two benzene rings connected by a carboxylic acid group (COOH) and a single carboxylate group (COO−) from the potassium hydrogen phthalate salt.

Potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) is a white crystalline powder that is commonly used as a primary standard for volumetric analysis, specifically for acid-base titrations. It is also used in the calibration of pH meters and in the preparation of buffer solutions.

KHP is a weak acid, and its chemical formula is C8H5KO4. It is the potassium salt of phthalic acid, which is a diprotic acid with two carboxylic acid groups. In water, KHP dissociates to form potassium ions (K+) and hydrogen phthalate anions ([C8H5O4]−), which can donate a proton to water molecules and act as a weak acid.

The use of KHP as a primary standard is based on its high purity, stability, and accurate molar mass, which allows precise determination of the concentration of a solution by titration. In an acid-base titration, a known volume of a standard solution of KHP is titrated with a solution of an unknown concentration of an acid or base until the equivalence point is reached. At the equivalence point, the moles of acid and base are equal, and the concentration of the unknown solution can be calculated from the known concentration and volume of the standard solution.

Learn more about titration here:

https://brainly.com/question/2728613

#SPJ4

The classification of the reactions are;

water → hydrogen + oxygen - decomposition

iron + oxygen → iron oxide - Oxidation

The term chemical reaction has to do with an interaction that occurs between the reactants and the products so that  new substance can be formed. This is how we know that a chemical change has occurred.

We are here to sort the reactions according to the kind of changes that they represent. Recall that we do have several kinds of reactions that do take place and they are classified based on the kind of changes that are taking place there.

Learn more about reactions:https://brainly.com/question/28270550

#SPJ1

The kind of reaction that occurs when potassium reacts with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas is a combination reaction.So the correct option is b.Combination

This is because two or more reactants are combined to form a single product. In this case, potassium and water are the reactants, and they combine to form the products potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. The reaction can be represented as follows:

\(2K + 2H_2O\) → \(2KOH + H_2\)

The reaction is exothermic and produces a large amount of heat. Potassium hydroxide is a strong base and can cause burns on contact with the skin, so it is important to handle it with care. The hydrogen gas produced during the reaction is flammable and can be explosive in the presence of air, so it should also be handled with caution.

Learn more about combination reaction here:

https://brainly.com/question/13134296

#SPJ11

Answer:

Natural passive immunity

Explanation:

Breatsfeeding is natural....

antibodies passes from the parent to the infant...

The infant gets nutrition in which later antibodies will be formed by the nutrients..

Answer:

Explanation:

The volume of a substance when given the density and mass can be found by using the formula

\(volume = \frac{mass}{density} \\\)

From the question

mass = 13 g

density = 19.3 g/cm³

We have

\(volume = \frac{13}{19.3} \\ = 0.673575...\)

We have the final answer as

Hope this helps you

The quantity of the limiting reagent determines how many batches of Snickerdoodles are produced. Four Snickerdoodles can be created since cinnamon-sugar has a lower reagent need.

When a chemical reaction is complete, the limiting reagent—also known as the limiting reactant and limiting agent—is the reactant that has been completely consumed. Since the reaction is unable to continue without this reagent, the quantity of product that may be produced is constrained. surplus reagents or surplus reactants are any reagents that are present in amounts greater than those necessary to cause a reaction with the limiting reagent. The quantity of the limiting reagent determines how many batches of Snickerdoodles are produced. Four Snickerdoodles can be created since cinnamon-sugar has a lower reagent need.

To know more about limiting reagent, here:

https://brainly.com/question/31171741

#SPJ1

Answer:

make reclamation compulsory after bauxite has been removed

Explanation:

Available options:

choose other infertile and uninhabited locations for bauxite mining

allow agriculture and mining to take place simultaneously in the location

ask farmers in the location to help in mining bauxite

make reclamation compulsory after bauxite has been removed

The correct option and the best plan to solve the problem of permanent dislocation of farmers would be to make reclamation compulsory after the bauxite has been removed.

Reclamation would involve restoring the agricultural land back to its original status prior to the commencement of bauxite mining. By doing this, the farmers can return to their farmland after being temporarily displaced due to the mining activities.

answer is b

please mark brainliest

Answer:

43 g N₂

Explanation:

To find the mass of N₂ required, you need to (1) convert grams H₂ to moles H₂ (via molar mass), then (2) convert moles H₂ to moles N₂ (via mole-to-mole ratio from equation coefficients), and then (3) convert moles N₂ to grams N₂ (via molar mass). It is important to arrange the conversions in a way that allows for the cancellation of units. The final answer should have 2 sig figs to match the amount of sig figs of the given value.

Molar Mass (H₂): 2(1.008 g/mol)

Molar Mass (H₂): 2.016 g/mol

Molar Mass (N₂): 2(14.009 g/mol)

Molar Mass (N₂): 28.018 g/mol

1 N₂(g) + 3 H₂(g) -----> 2 NH₃(g)

9.3 g H₂           1 mole             1 mole N₂             28.018 g
--------------  x  ----------------  x  --------------------  x  ------------------  =  43 g N₂
                        2.016 g            3 moles H₂            1 mole

The balance chemical reaction is as below:

4Fe (s) + 3O₂ (g) ⇒ 2Fe₂O₃ (s)

The term balanced chemical equation is defined when the number of the atoms involved in the reactants side is exactly equal to the number of atoms in the products side.

The most important thing about balancing chemical equations is to satisfy the law of conservation of mass, This states that  “the total mass of the products is exactly equal to the total mass of all the reactants”

Thus, The balance chemical reaction is as below:

4Fe (s) + 3O₂ (g) ⇒ 2Fe₂O₃ (s)

To learn more about balance chemical reaction, follow the link;

https://brainly.com/question/30230799

#SPJ1

Answer:

Arrange them in order of greatest to least Molar Mass to get most dense to least dense at a given temperature and pressure.

Explanation:

"Given Temperature and Pressure" just tells you that those two variables are being held constant. The Ideal Gas Law (PV = nRT) shows that n (the # of moles) and V (the volume) are variable still. To keep pressure constant, we need to increase the volume so that the force per area is the same which would unfortunately lower the density. The only way for a gas to have the greatest density would be to have the least average kinetic energy to keep the pressure constant at a smaller volume. This is because kinetic energy is equal to KE = 1/2 m v^2, where m is mass in kilograms and v is the velocity. IT IS CRUCIAL TO NOTE THAT ACCORDING TO KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY, ALL GASES HAVE THE SAME AVG. KINETIC ENERGY WHEN AT THE SAME TEMPERATURE. So since the avg. KE is also constant across these answers due to the temp. being constant, our only way to decrease the velocity (the rate at which the particles are moving per second) and in turn the number of collisions (to repeat, a smaller number of collisions is desired because they are equal to the pressure that must maintained at a constant value at the smallest volume possible to achieve highest density possible) is to increase the molar mass. This is also pretty intutive for the other part of the issue: since Density is a broken heart (m/v), a higher molar mass would ensure a smaller pressure (due to decreased velocity) and smaller volume (due to constant pressure). Okay, now order the gases heaviest to lightest in terms of molar mass and you got your answer. Please gimme brainliest if this helped bc it took 15 minutes to type out. Hope this helped you! :D

Density is an intensive property as it does not depend on the quantity of the substances Whereas mass and volume are extensive property. The order of density is carbon dioxide>Neon >argon>carbon-12> hydrogen.

Density tells about the compactness of the substances, how much dense is the substances in other words. Object that is more denser than water they just sink in the water.

Mathematically,

Density of gas  = Molar Mass of the gas  ÷volume occupied by the given gases

Density is directly proportional to molar mass of the gases.

Molar mass of argon = 18g/mole

Molar mass of Neon = 20g/mole

Molar mass of carbon dioxide=44.01 g/mol

Molar mass of hydrogen=1g/mol

Molar mass of carbon-12=12g/mol

The order of gases from most dense to least dense at a given temperature and pressure is carbon dioxide>Neon >argon>carbon-12> hydrogen.

Therefore, the order of density is  carbon dioxide>Neon >argon>carbon-12> hydrogen.

To know more about density, here:

https://brainly.com/question/16894337

#SPJ2

the formulae of the hydrogen carbonates of metals X, Y, and Z are X(HCO3), Y(HCO3)2, and Z(HCO3)3, respectively.  The valencies of metals X, Y, and Z are 1, 2, and 3 respectively.

The formula for hydrogen carbonate is HCO3-, which consists of one hydrogen ion, one carbonate ion, and two oxygen atoms.To determine the formula for the hydrogen carbonates of metals X, Y, and Z, we need to consider the charges of the metal cations and the carbonate anion. For X with a valency of 1, the formula for its hydrogen carbonate is X(HCO3), where X is the metal cation with a charge of +1. For Y with a valency of 2, the formula for its hydrogen carbonate is Y(HCO3)2, where Y is the metal cation with a charge of +2. For Z with a valency of 3, the formula for its hydrogen carbonate is Z(HCO3)3, where Z is the metal cation with a charge of +3.

learn more about hydrogen carbonates of metals here:

https://brainly.com/question/28246767

#SPJ11

(b)

only CaCO3

Explanation:

Given:

Alkaline solution= 2 x 10^-4 M in CO32-Pool water was originally 4 x 10^-3 M in Mg2+, 6 x 10^-4 M in Ca2+ and 8 x 10^-7 M in Fe2+

Precipitate should be of:

MgCO3, CaCO3 and FeCO3

We know that:

Mg2+ + CO32- → MgCO3Ca2+ + CO32- → CaCO3Fe2+ + CO32- → FeCO3Thus, for MgCO3 to form, [CO32-] should be 4 x 10^-3 M which is not possible in the given question.

For CaCO3 to form,[CO32-] should be 6 x 10^-4 M which is possible.

So, precipitate should be only CaCO3.

to know more about the CaCO3 https://brainly.com/question/29792038

#SPJ11

Answer:

There are 2.81 * 10^24 atoms present

Explanation:

To get this, we need to know the number of moles present in 140gramms of carbon.

Mathematically;

number of moles = mass/molar mass

molar mass of glucose is = 180 g/mol

So the number of moles will be ;

140/180 = 0.7778 mole

1 mole of glucose contains 6 moles of carbon;

so 0.7778 moles will contain = 4.667 moles

Mathematically, the number of atoms in 1 mole is 6.02 * 10^23 atoms

The number of atoms in 4.667 moles will be :

4.667 * 6.02 * 10^23 = 2.81 * 10^24 atoms

Direct contact between objects causes conduction or heat transfer. The heat is transferred inside the fluid during convection. Heat transfer in radiation happens by electromagnetic waves without the use of particles.

First, ascertain whether the two things are in contact. If they are, conduction is how heat is transferred between them. Determine whether there is a fluid medium, such as a liquid or gas, connecting the items if they are not in contact.

Evidence of heat transport is apparent. Convection is the phenomenon that causes the air to shimmer over radiators. Conduction is the phenomenon that causes you to feel warm when you place your hand on a spoon that has been sitting in a hot bowl of soup (radiation).

to know more about conduction here:

brainly.com/question/15085692

#SPJ4

The probability that the woman does not have cancer is approximately 98.53%.

Calculate the probability of having cancer given a positive test result.

Given an overall cancer prevalence of 2%, we can assume that the probability of having cancer is 0.02. To calculate the probability of having a positive test result, we need to determine the false positive rate (1 - specificity) of the test. The specificity of the test can be calculated by subtracting the false positive rate from 1. However, the false positive rate is not provided in the given information, so we cannot calculate the exact specificity of the test. Therefore, we cannot determine the probability of having cancer given a positive test result.

Calculate the probability of not having cancer given a negative test result.

To calculate the probability of not having cancer given a negative test result, we need to determine the false negative rate (1 - sensitivity) of the test. The sensitivity of the test can be calculated by subtracting the false negative rate from 1. Again, the false negative rate is not provided, so we cannot calculate the exact sensitivity of the test. However, since we know the cutpoint for defining a positive test result is ≥ 20 pg/mL, and the woman's serum-estradiol measurement is 13.5 pg/mL, which is below the cutpoint, we can assume that she would have a negative test result. Therefore, the probability of not having cancer given a negative test result would be close to 100%.

Calculate the probability that she does not have cancer.

The probability that she does not have cancer can be approximated by multiplying the probability of not having cancer given a negative test result with the probability of having a negative test result. Assuming the sensitivity and specificity of the test are reasonably high, we can estimate that the probability of not having cancer given a negative test result is close to 100%, and the probability of having a negative test result is close to 100%. Therefore, the probability that she does not have cancer is approximately 98.53%.

Learn more about Probability

brainly.com/question/31828911

#SPJ11

Answer:

ZnO + H2SO4 = ZnSO4 + H2O | Chemical reaction and equation

Explanation:

gloogle

Answer:

A. Molecules have finite volume.

Explanation:

Gases deviate from the ideal gas law at high pressures because its molecules have a finite volume.

Real gases have a finite volume which enables more interaction between the molecules while ideal gases are assumed not to have a finite volume or occupy space which is why it lacks any form of interaction between its molecules.

This difference is the deviation between the real and ideal gases.

Water has a specific heat of 4179 J/kg K, which is the amount of energy needed to increase 1 g of water's temperature by 1 Kelvin.

Why does pot a take more time to heat up?

To learn more about specific heat refer to:

https://brainly.com/question/28309064

#SPJ1

Answer:

Solution

Explanation:

A solution is generally defined as an homogeneous mixture.

What this means is that it has only a single phase.

A solution is generally formed as a result of a solute coming in contact with a solvent.

The solvent is the liquid while the solute is the solid. It is the solute that is dissolved in a solvent.

When a solution is thus formed from the interaction between the two , an homogeneous phase is formed.

Kindly note that all other options in the question are of 2 phases and thus are heterogeneous

Answer:

b. solution

Explanation:

on edg

When three molecules of hydrocarbon, CH4 react with thirteen molecules of oxygen, O2 during a combustion reaction, the products formed are carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). This is the balanced reaction:
3 CH4 + 13 O2 → 3 CO2 + 6 H2O

In a combustion reaction, the fuel and oxidizing agent react in specific proportions to produce the products. For example, the combustion of methane (CH4) follows this balanced equation:
CH4 + 2 O2 -> CO2 + 2 H2O
Here, one molecule of methane reacts with two molecules of oxygen to form one molecule of carbon dioxide and two molecules of water. To determine the number of CO2 and H2O molecules formed when three fuel molecules react with thirteen O2 molecules, we must know the specific fuel being combusted and the balanced equation for the reaction, which is:
3 CH4 + 13 O2 → 3 CO2 + 6 H2O
Once the balanced equation is known, we can calculate the number of product molecules formed based on the provided reactant amounts, ensuring that the stoichiometric proportions are maintained.

To know more about Combustion Reaction visit:
https://brainly.com/question/30562669
#SPJ11

Answer: Competitive athletes at all levels – and even those who are in it for personal health – are driven by the Olympic motto Citius, Altius, Fortius – faster, higher stronger. The big question is how do they get there?

Explanation: The class is looking at these issues through a variety of eras in sports history from the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 to the Winter Olympic Games taking place this month in Pyeongchang, South Korea. “There are times when (illegal performance enhancement) has crept into the Olympics,” Roerdink said, citing the current ban handed down in December to Russian athletes accused of doping. Athletes with no previous drug violations were allowed to compete under the neutral “Olympic Athlete from Russia” flag. The class also will study Major League Baseball’s steroid era and examine the East German sports machine of the 1970s, among other timely topics. “I really wanted to share my passion for unique sporting events where we see the spotlight on the people who represent us, their passion, even the political bent to it, and figure out how chemistry comes into it,” Roerdink said. “The ultimate goal of the course is a better appreciation of doing sports for the sport of it.”

Note: I know that this is a long answer, so sorry, and this is the help from me. (Hope this helps you)

Learn More:

www.heidelberg.edu/news/2018/whats-behind-athletic-competition-chemistry

Covalent bonding is present in Quartz. Covalent bonds result in a high melting point. Covalent solids are insoluble in most solvents.

Quartz is very hard to melt because quartz is unsteady above 870 Celsius, and molten silica is wobbling below 1713 Celsius. In the interval between 870 and 1713 degrees, quartz tends to change to tridymite or cristobalite, not melt. It is hard to heat quartz to melt, in the region of 1650 Celsius

Melting point: The melting point of quartz is higher than 1700°C. Curie temperature for alpha and beta quartz: The Curie warmth for quartz is 573°C.

So we can conclude that Crystal quartz has a very particular melting point. Because quartz glass is a single component it doesn't form eutectics

Learn more about melting points here: https://brainly.com/question/40140

#SPJ1

The unit of measurement for specific heat is Joules per g times degree Celsius.

Similar to density, color, etc., specific heat is an intense feature that is independent of the amount of a substance present. This enables the use of heat specificity to identify compounds.

q = mcT, where q is the quantity of heat applied, m is the mass of the substance, c is its specific heat, and T is the temperature change.

Therefore, we can simply isolate the term in the calculation above to get c=qmT if we wish to find the units for specific heat.

We may calculate that c = JgC since heat is measured in Joules (J), mass in grams (g), and degree Celsius (C).

As a result, the unit of measurement for specific heat is Joules per g times degree Celsius.

Learn more about specific heat here-

https://brainly.com/question/11297584

#SPJ9