A phosphorus atom in the compound P4 has an oxidation number of 0. An oxidation number is a positive or negative number assigned to an atom in a chemical compound to indicate its degree of oxidation.
To calculate the oxidation number of an element in a compound, we first assign oxidation numbers to all the other elements in the compound based on a set of rules. These rules are:
The oxidation number of an element in its elemental form is always 0. This is the case for each of the four phosphorus atoms in P₄. The sum of the oxidation numbers of all the elements in a neutral compound is 0. Since P₄ is a neutral compound, the sum of the oxidation numbers of all the elements must be 0. The sum of the oxidation numbers of all the elements in an ion is equal to the charge on the ion. However, P₄ is not an ion and therefore does not have an overall charge.
Therefore, the oxidation number of each phosphorus atom in P₄ is 0.
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Using the periodic table, complete the table to describe each atom. Type in your answers.
A
B
C
D
E
F
Answer:
A- 8
B- 8
C- O
D- 26
E- 30
F- Fe
Explanation:
A student argued that there is less gravity on the Moon than on Earth. The student explained, "You need an atmosphere to have gravity. The Moon doesn't have an atmosphere and therefore doesn't have a lot of gravity. Earth has a thick atmosphere and therefore has much more gravity." What do you think about the student's claim?
A. The student is correct because the atmosphere is what creates the gravitational pull on Earth
B. The student is correct because the mass of the object determines how thick the atmosphere will be
c. The student is incorrect because gravity is determined by the mass of the object and not the atmosphere
D. The student is incorrect because the thickness of the atmosphere will determine the amount of gravity on the object
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The student is incorrect.
The atmosphere weighs very little compared to the material the earth is made of. Gravity is effected by mass. The more mass, the more gravity. The only correct (and it is totally correct) answer is C
4. How many molecules are equal to 2.25 moles of sulfur dioxide?
5. How many moles are equal to 2.4 x 1023 particles of sodium chloride?
Answer: 4. We know that one mole of any chemical compound always contains 6.022 x 10^23 molecules. Therefore, we can calculate the number of molecules of 2.25 moles of sulfur dioxide SO2 by multiplying the number of moles by the Avogadro's constant 6.022 x 10^23:
2.25 moles SO2 (6.022x10^23 molecules/1mole) = 1.355 x 10^24 molecules of sulfur dioxide
5. The number of moles of sodium chloride are 0.40 moles
Explanation:
at a birthday party a child sits on a partially filled balloon, decreasing its volume by 1/2. did the pressure of the ballon increase or decrease? by what factor did the pressure change?
When the child sits on the partially filled balloon, the pressure of the balloon increases. The pressure change is a doubling of the initial pressure, indicating a factor of 2 increase.
When the child sits on a partially filled balloon, the volume of the balloon decreases by half. According to Boyle's Law, which states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume at constant temperature, the pressure inside the balloon increases.
Let's consider the initial volume of the balloon as V and the initial pressure as P. When the volume decreases by half, it becomes V/2. Since the amount of gas remains constant, the pressure increases to maintain equilibrium. The new pressure can be denoted as P'.
According to Boyle's Law, P₁V₁ = P₂V₂, where P₁ and V₁ are the initial pressure and volume, and P₂ and V₂ are the final pressure and volume. Plugging in the values, we have P * V = P' * (V/2).
Simplifying the equation, we get P' = 2P. This means the pressure of the balloon increases by a factor of 2, or it doubles. So, the pressure change can be expressed as an increase of two times the original pressure.
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What type of covalent bond is sugar?
Sugar is composed of molecules with covalent bonds of different types. The primary type of covalent bond found in sugar is a glycosidic bond, which is a type of covalent bond that connects two monosaccharides.
Monosaccharides are the building blocks of sugars and are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. A glycosidic bond is formed when an oxygen atom found in one monosaccharide bonds with a hydrogen atom found in another monosaccharide. This type of covalent bond is what holds the two monosaccharides together and forms a sugar molecule. Hydrogen bonds occur when a hydrogen atom is shared between two electronegative atoms (such as oxygen or nitrogen). This creates a weak bond that is still strong enough to hold molecules together. In the case of sugar, the hydrogen bonds are formed between the hydrogen atoms of the different sugar molecules, helping to keep them connected.
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Plzz giving brainlist to first answer!Plss fill in the blanks!!ASAP.Modeling Our Solar System
The planets follow these ____________ paths as they travel around the Sun. The Sun’s ______________
makes the planets move in this way. It pulls on the planets, keeping them in motion in their ____________.
Modeling is a way to ________________ or _____________ a particular idea or
concept.
Models do have some ______________________.
Often a model is made with certain _______________________.
A model of the solar system may contain all of the planets and the Sun, but it may not include the planets’
individual moons or every __________ and ________________ in the solar system.
need to be updated regularly with new information
Example: Older models of the solar system may show ________ planets, which we now know is inaccurate.
can draw by hand or even use computer software
Creating a Model
Question 1
Part A
The table shows the diameters of the planets in our solar system.
1. Find the scale (ratio) between Jupiter and the basketball.
2. Then use this ratio to find the scaled diameter of the other planets.
3. Enter these numbers into the table.
4. Finally, choose a real-world spherical or nearly spherical object that matches the scaled diameter of eac
Answer:
The planets follow these orbit paths as they travel around the Sun. The Sun’s gravity
makes the planets move in this way. It pulls on the planets, keeping them in motion in their orbit.
Modeling is a way to see ideas or have a particular idea or
concept.
Models do have some lines .
Often a model is made with certain things.
A model of the solar system may contain all of the planets and the Sun, but it may not include the planets’
individual moons or every planit and rock in the solar system.
Explanation: if you think about it and and look at pics it is easy
hope this helps
Determine the hybridization of the central atom for each molecule. lewis structure. a central a l atom with a negative charge is bonded to four c l atoms. there are three lone pairs of electrons on each c l atom. sp sp2 sp3 sp3d sp3d2 lewis structure. a central c atom is double bonded to two s atoms, each with two lone pairs. sp sp2 sp3 sp3d sp3d2 lewis structure. a central p atom with a lone pair is bonded to three f atoms. each f atom has three lone pairs of electrons. sp sp2 sp3 sp3d sp3d2
The total number of sigma bonds and lone pairs is four, the hybridization of Al is sp3.
What is the hybridization of the central atom in a molecule where a central carbon atom is bonded to two oxygen atoms and has two lone pairs of electrons?In the first molecule, the central Al atom with a negative charge is bonded to four Cl atoms, each of which has three lone pairs of electrons. To determine the hybridization of the central atom, we count the number of sigma bonds and lone pairs around it. Here, Al is bonded to four Cl atoms and has no lone pairs. Since the total number of sigma bonds and lone pairs is four, the hybridization of Al is sp3.
In the second molecule, the central C atom is double bonded to two S atoms, and each S atom has two lone pairs. Again, we count the number of sigma bonds and lone pairs. Here, the central C atom is bonded to two S atoms (two sigma bonds) and has no lone pairs. Therefore, the hybridization of C is sp.
In the third molecule, the central P atom with a lone pair is bonded to three F atoms, and each F atom has three lone pairs. The central P atom is bonded to three F atoms (three sigma bonds) and has one lone pair. Thus, the hybridization of P is sp3.
The hybridization of the central atoms in the given molecules are as follows:
Al with a negative charge bonded to four Cl atoms: sp3C double bonded to two S atoms: spP with a lone pair bonded to three F atoms: sp3Learn more about hybridization
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what is the strength of the hydrohalic acids? list them from weakest to strongest. hf, hcl, hbr, hi
HF, HCl, HBr, HI, and HAt are the hydrohalic acids in order of strength from weakest to strongest.
What is a hydrohalic acid?Many hydrohalic acids are hydrohalic acid (chemistry) any acid that results from the binary combination of a halogen and hydrogen. In chemistry, hydrogen halides, which act as Arrhenius acids when in the aqueous phase, are diatomic inorganic compounds. HX is the formula, where X is one of the halogens, such as astatine, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. At Standard Temperature and Pressure, all known hydrogen halides are gases.
What does hydrohalic acids contain?Hydrogen halides are widely used to describe hydrohalic acids that react with water to form acids. The halogens' formula, HX, allows them to all be used for X. These are organic molecules with two atoms. Among the halogens are iodine, chlorine, bromine, and fluorine. The acid hydrofluoric acid (HF) is not a powerful acid. Since it partially dissociates in water, it is characterized as a weak acid.
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Why is carbon used to date things that were once living?
O A. The half-life of carbon depends on age.
B. The amount of carbon is easy to measure.
C. Living things take in carbon from food.
D. Carbon is not toxic to living things.
Explanation:
Because carbon-14 decays at this constant rate, an estimate of the date at which an organism died can be made by measuring the amount of its residual radiocarbon. ... The carbon-14 method was developed by the American physicist Willard F.
Which sample of matter has the lowest average kinetic
energy?
O 50. g at -55°C and 2.0 atm
O 50. g at 273 K and 4.0 atm
O 50. g at 33°C and 3.0 atm
O 50. g at 367 K and 1.0 atm
The given sample of matter has the lowest average kinetic energy is 50g at -55°C and 2.0 atm option - A is correct answer.
What exactly is kinetic energy?The force an object experiences as a result of motion is known as kinetic energy. An object can only accelerate if a force is applied to it. We have to put in the effort to use force. Once the work is done, energy is transferred to the object, which then moves at a new, constant speed.
Kinetic energy, which can be seen in the motion of an object or subatomic particle, is the energy of motion.
The average kinetic energy is the subject of the query. Thus, the only connection is to temperature. Kinetic energy increases with increasing temperature and decreases with decreasing temperature.
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In a reaction the ->
means
Answer:
the arrow (single arrow) means that all the reactants are going to products.
When the following equation is balanced using the smallest possible integers, which coefficient would go in front of H2?
Pb + RbOH → Rb2PbO2 + H2
The coefficient that would go in front of H2 is 2.
The chemical equation that represents the reaction between Pb and RbOH to form Rb2PbO2 and H2 is:
Pb + 2RbOH → Rb2PbO2 + H2
In the equation, the coefficients of Pb, RbOH, Rb2PbO2, and H2 are 1, 2, 1, and an unknown coefficient x, respectively.
To balance the equation, we first write the skeleton equation.
Pb + RbOH → Rb2PbO2 + H2
The reaction has one Pb, one Rb, one O, and one H on both the reactant and product side.
However, the reaction has two OH on the reactant side and two O on the product side.
To balance these atoms, we place a coefficient of 2 in front of the RbOH on the reactant side and a coefficient of 2 in front of the H2 on the product side.
This gives:
Pb + 2RbOH → Rb2PbO2 + 2H2
Therefore, the coefficient that would go in front of H2 is 2.
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how many pounds are in 14.8 grams
Answer:
0.03262841
I tried, hope this helps :)
Answer:
0.032 lbs
Explanation:
Divide the mass value by 454.
Why should you use pencil instead of pen when marking on a thin layer chromatography plate?
a. Pencil lead isn't as dark.
b. The components of pen ink will separate along with your sample, while pencil lead will not.
c. Pen ink will not mark on a TLC plate.
d. Pen ink will undergo a chemical reaction with the solvent.
You should use a pencil instead of a pen when marking on a thin layer chromatography plate because the components of pen ink will separate along with your sample, while pencil lead will not. So, the correct answer is b.
Using a pen to mark on a thin layer chromatography plate can cause the ink components to mix with the sample components, making it difficult to accurately analyze the separation of the components. Pencil lead, on the other hand, is inert and will not interfere with the separation process.
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The isotope argon-42 has an excited state 1.208 MeV above the ground state. The atomic mass of the ground state of this isotope is 41.963046u What is the mass of the atom when the nucleus is in this excited state?
The mass of an atom with an excited state of argon-42, which is 1.208 MeV above its ground state, can be calculated by subtracting the energy difference from the atomic mass of the ground state.
The atomic mass of the ground state of argon-42 is given as 41.963046u. The excited state of the isotope is 1.208 MeV (million electron volts) above the ground state. To calculate the mass of the atom in the excited state, we need to account for the energy difference.
Since mass and energy are related through Einstein's famous equation, \(E=mc^2\), we can convert the energy difference from MeV to atomic mass units (u) by using the conversion factor 1u = 931.5 MeV/c². Thus, the energy difference is 1.208 MeV / 931.5 MeV/c² = 0.0012984u.
To find the mass of the atom in the excited state, we subtract the energy difference from the atomic mass of the ground state: 41.963046u - 0.0012984u = 41.9617476u.
Therefore, the mass of the atom when the nucleus is in the excited state is approximately 41.9617476u.
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PLS HELP FAST!!!! Determine the new concentration if you dilute 500mL of a 1.9M solution of NaCl to 1L.
Answer:
M2 = 0.95M
Explanation:
M1V1 = M2V2
(1.9)(0.5) = M2(1)
M2 = 0.95M
Fossil Fuels are an ________ resource that people are hoping to replace with ______ resources.
Answer:
fossil fuels are an nonrenewable resource that people are hoping to replace with renewable resources
Explanation:
When using the pictured 50 ml graduated cylinder, how many decimal places should you use to correctly record the volume?.
When using a 50 ml graduated cylinder, you should record the volume to the nearest tenth of a milliliter.
The 50 mL graduated cylinder is an essential piece of laboratory equipment used to measure the volume of liquids accurately. Graduated cylinders are designed with markings that show the volume of liquid in milliliters (mL). To accurately record the volume of liquid in a 50 mL graduated cylinder, you should use the markings on the cylinder to determine the nearest tenth of a milliliter.
When taking readings, read at eye level, which is called the meniscus. The meniscus is the curved surface of a liquid where it meets the container. You should read the graduated cylinder from the lowest point of the meniscus. When using a 50 mL graduated cylinder, you should record the volume to the nearest tenth of a milliliter. Therefore, if the reading on the cylinder is 20.43 mL, the recorded volume should be 20.4 mL.
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Predict the state of matter and the chemical reactivity of Krypton.
Answer:
Characteristics: Krypton is a colorless, odorless, inert gas. Although it is extremely unreactive krypton can react with the very reactive gas fluorine. A few compounds of krypton have been prepared, including krypton (II) fluoride and krypton clathrates. It has a boiling point of -152.9°C (-243.2°F) and a density of 3.64 grams per liter.
Explanation:
Interesting Facts about Krypton
Between 1960 and 1983, the scientific unit of length, the meter, was defined as 1 650 763.73 wavelengths of krypton-86’s orange-red spectral line. (The meter is now defined as the distance travelled by light in a vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second.From its discovery in 1898 until the 1960s most scientists believed it was impossible to make compounds of krypton, or any other noble gas – although see William Ramsay, above. Krypton difluoride was made in 1963. It is a white, crystalline solid, stable at temperatures below -30 oC. Krypton is not very abundant in our planet’s atmosphere: For every krypton atom, there are about 8200 argon atoms, 184 000 oxygen molecules and 685 000 nitrogen molecules.Krypton-85 in the atmosphere can be used to detect the presence of otherwise secret nuclear weapons research and production facilities. Krypton-fluorine lasers produce pulses with 500 times the power of the entire U.S. electrical grid. Not surprisingly, these pulses are of short duration: four billionths of a second.Abundance and Isotopes
Abundance earth’s crust: 100 parts per trillion by weight, 30 parts per trillion by molesAbundance solar system: parts per million by weight, parts per million by molesCost, pure: $33 per 100gCost, bulk: $ per 100gSource: Krypton is obtained commercially by fractional distillation of liquid air.Isotopes: Krypton has 25 isotopes whose half-lives are known, with mass numbers 71 to 95. Naturally occurring krypton is a mixture of six isotopes and they are found in the percentages shown: 78Kr (0.4%), 80Kr (2.3%), 82Kr (11.6%), 83Kr (11.5%), 84Kr (57.0%) and 86Kr (17.3%). The most abundant isotope is 84Kr at 57.0%.Balance the following reaction, which occurs in acidic aqueous solution, using the smallest possible integer coefficients and adding H+ and H2O as necessary:
Cu(s) + MnO4-(aq) ---> Cu2+(aq) + Mn2+(aq)
The balanced redox equation for \(Cu(s)\) and \(MnO_4-(aq)\) in acidic solution is \(5Cu(s) + 2MnO_4-(aq) + 16H+(aq) \rightarrow 5Cu_2+(aq) + 2Mn_2+(aq) + 8H_2O(l)\).
Redox equationFirst, let's write out the half-reactions:
Oxidation: \(Cu(s) \rightarrow Cu_2+(aq) + 2e-\)Reduction: \(MnO_4-(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 5e- \rightarrow Mn_2+(aq) + 4H_2O(l)\)Next, we need to balance the number of electrons transferred in each half-reaction. We can do this by multiplying the oxidation half-reaction by 5 and the reduction half-reaction by 2:
Oxidation: \(5Cu(s) \rightarrow 5Cu_2+(aq) + 10e-\)Reduction: \(2MnO_4-(aq) + 16H+(aq) + 10e- \rightarrow 2Mn_2+(aq) + 8H_2O(l)\)Now, we can add the two half-reactions together and cancel out any species that appear on both sides of the equation:
\(5Cu(s) + 2MnO_4-(aq) + 16H+(aq) \rightarrow 5Cu_2+(aq) + 2Mn_2+(aq) + 8H_2O(l)\)
Finally, we can simplify the coefficients by dividing each one by the greatest common factor, which is 2 in this case:
\(5Cu(s) + 2MnO_4-(aq) + 16H+(aq) \rightarrow 5Cu_2+(aq) + 2Mn_2+(aq) + 8H_2O(l)\)
So, the balanced equation is:
\(5Cu(s) + 2MnO_4-(aq) + 16H+(aq) \rightarrow 5Cu_2+(aq) + 2Mn_2+(aq) + 8H_2O(l)\)
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Which type of interaction stabilizes the alpha (α) helix and the beta (β) pleated sheet structures of proteins?
The type of interaction that stabilizes the alpha (α) helix and the beta (β) pleated sheet structures of proteins is called hydrogen bonding.
Hydrogen holding is an extraordinary sort of dipole fascination between particles, not a covalent cling to a hydrogen iota. It results from the appealing power between a hydrogen particle covalently clung to an extremely electronegative molecule like a N, O, or F iota and another exceptionally electronegative iota.
Hydrogen bonds can occur in any molecule that has a hydrogen atom directly attached to an oxygen or nitrogen. When hydrogen is bonded to fluorine, hydrogen bonds also occur, but other molecules lack the HF group.
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which fourth-period element, x, forms the compound a lewis structure of x f 3. x is central with two lone pairs of electrons and three f atoms singly bonded. each f atom has three lone pairs of electrons.
The central atom is a gallium atom, which has the symbol Ga.
What is Lone pair?
An electron pair in an atom's outermost shell that isn't shared with or bonded to another atom is known as a lone pair. Another name for it is a non-bonding pair. Making a Lewis structure is one approach to spot a lone pair. The amount of valence electrons in an atom is equal to the sum of the number of lone pair electrons and the number of bonding electrons. The lone pair idea is crucial to the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory because it clarifies the molecule's shape.
According to the octet rule, an atom must have 8 electrons in the valence layer to achieve electrical stability.
These atoms can achieve this stability through covalent or ionic bonds.
According to the above question, we can state that an X atom received 6 electrons, as three oxygen atoms shared 2 atoms each with the X atom.
In this case, the atom x must have 2 atoms in the valence layer, to reach 8 atoms with the bonds it made with the oxygens.
Among the response options, Ga is the only one that has 2 electrons in the valence layer, being able to form bonds with oxygen.
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SOMEONE PLS HELP ASAP!!!
Answer:
A. 20
B. 40
C .calcium (CA)
D. 10
E.9
F. fluorine ( f)
electronegativity for boron is 2.0, and electronegativity for fluorine is 4.0. which type of bond forms between boron (b) and fluorine (f) in bf3?
Electronegativity for boron is 2.0, and electronegativity for fluorine is 4.0. which type of bond forms between boron (B) and fluorine (F) in BF₃ is non polar covalent bond.
The BF₃ is the covalent molecule. the electronegativity for boron is 2.0 and the electronegativity for the fluorine is 4.0 . the boron has 3 valence electrons and need 5 more to complete the octet and fluorine has 7 valence electrons . thus boron form three covalent bond with the atom of fluorine and try to complete the octet.
The BF₃ is a triangular planar molecule. the dipole moment in the BF₃ molecule is zero therefore BF₃, boron trifluoride is a non polar covalent molecule.
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every chemical element goes through natural exponential decay, which means that over time its atoms fall apart. the speed of each element's decay is described by its half-life, which is the amount of time it takes for the number of radioactive atoms of this element to be reduced by half. the half-life of the isotope beryllium-111111 is 141414 seconds. a sample of beryllium-111111 was first measured to have 800800800 atoms. after ttt seconds, there were only 505050 atoms of this isotope remaining. write an equation in terms of ttt that models the situation.
The equation in terms of ttt that models the situation:
\(N(ttt) = 800800800(\frac{1}{2})^{\frac{ttt}{141414} }\)
THE STEPS OF DEFINED THE TTT MODELSThe number of atoms of an isotope is reduced by half every time the half-life passes. Thus, after 141414 seconds have passed, the number of atoms is reduced to 800800800/2 = 400400400 atoms. After another 141414 seconds, the number of atoms is further reduced to 400400400/2 = 200200200 atoms. This pattern continues, with the number of atoms being halved every 141414 seconds.We can express this process mathematically using an equation. Let N(t) be the number of atoms of the isotope beryllium-111111 at time t (measured in seconds). We can then write the following equation:N(t) = 800800800 × (1/2)^(t/141414) or
\(N(ttt) = 800800800(\frac{1}{2})^{\frac{ttt}{141414} }\)
This equation states that the number of atoms at time t is equal to the initial number of atoms (800800800) multiplied by 1/2 raised to the power of t/141414.To find the number of atoms remaining after ttt seconds, we can substitute ttt for t in the equation:N(ttt) = 800800800 * (1/2)^(ttt/141414)
This equation gives us the number of atoms remaining after ttt seconds. To solve the problem, the value of ttt that makes N(ttt) equal to 505050.Learn more number of atoms here:
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why do minerals only form in certain areas?
Answer:
The chemicals differ depending on what the surrounding area is like.
5.23×7
estimate this product
Answer:
200
Explanation:
23 rounds down to 20
7 rounds up to 10
20 times 10 equals 200
Which is a transition metal?
sodium (Na)
magnesium (Mg)
silicon (8D)
copper (Cu)
Count the atoms in this common formula for the explosive TNT
2C7H5(NO2)3
Answer:
Explanation:
7 carbon atoms, 6 hydrogen atoms,9 NO2 atoms
7+6+9=22
2(22)=44
44 atoms
Olivia is swimming in a pool.
As Olivia gets tired, she starts swimming at a slower speed.
Which of these will definitely happen as Olivia starts swimming more slowly?
A.
Olivia will start swimming backwards.
B.
Olivia will have more energy of motion.
C.
Olivia will have less energy of motion.
D.
Olivia will change directions.
Answer:
c. Olivia will have less energy or motion
Explanation:
none of the others .are sense