Answer:
positively charged
1) An atom of Chlorine (Cl) is in its 16 +
oxidation state. The lone electron remaining exists at its ground state (n=1). a) You have a laser capable of exciting the electron into the 4 th n-level. What is the wavelength that is emitted in nm ? ( 3 points) b) What is the ionization energy of the electron in this Cl 16+
ion? (hint: you can consider n= [infinity] when an atom is ionized) ( 3 points) c) Your lab partner is able to obtain Potassium in its 16 th oxidation state (K 16+
). They ask if they can use the same strategy to calculate the ionization energy of their atom. What do you tell them and why? ( 3 points)
The ionization energy of the sixteenth electron in K16+ will be much higher than the ionization energy of the first electron in K.
This means that the same strategy used to calculate the ionization energy of Cl16+ cannot be used to calculate the ionization energy of K16+.
a) Wavelength that is emitted in nm:When the electron is excited from n
=1 to n
=4 and then comes back to the ground state, the wavelength of the emitted photon will be calculated by Rydberg formula:
ν = R [1/n12 − 1/n22]
where ν is frequency, R is the Rydberg constant and n1 and n2 are integers representing the energy levels involved.According to the problem, the initial level of the atom is n1
= 1, and the final level is n2
= 4.Hence,ν
= R [1/12 − 1/42]
= R [(16−1)/16]
= 15/16 R∴ λ
= c/ν
= c/(15/16 R)
= 16 c/15 R≅ 1.11 × 10−7 m ≅ 111 nm.
So, the wavelength emitted will be approximately 111 nm.b) Ionization energy of the electron in this Cl16+ ion:The ionization energy of an electron is the minimum energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gas phase. The ionization energy of the electron from the Cl16+ ion can be calculated using Coulomb's law.
F = q1q2/4πεr2
where q1 and q2 are the charges of the nucleus and the electron, ε is the permittivity of space, and r is the distance between the electron and the nucleus.
In this case, q1
= +1 and q2
= −1.
The electron is initially at an energy level n
= 1,
which means that its potential energy isEp
= −13.6 eV/n2
= −13.6 eV/12
= −13.6 eV.
The ionization energy (Ei) is the difference between the energy of the ionized atom and the energy of the neutral atom.Ei
= (0 eV) − (−13.6 eV)
= 13.6 eV
Therefore, the ionization energy of the electron in the Cl16+ ion is 13.6 eV.c)
What do you tell your lab partner about calculating the ionization energy of Potassium in its 16th oxidation state?
Potassium has 19 electrons and 19 protons in its neutral state. To obtain K16+, it would need to lose 16 electrons. However, removing the first electron requires much less energy than removing the sixteenth electron because the first electron is much farther away from the nucleus than the sixteenth electron.
The ionization energy of the sixteenth electron in K16+ will be much higher than the ionization energy of the first electron in K.
This means that the same strategy used to calculate the ionization energy of Cl16+ cannot be used to calculate the ionization energy of K16+.
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9. which compound in the following pairs would you expect to have the higher absolute entropy? briefly explain your rational for each. i. 1 mol co2(g) and 1 mol co(g) ii. 45 g sc(s) and 45 g sc(g) iii. 1 mole n2o4(g) in 1l and 1 mole n2o4(g) in 2l iv. 1 mole nh3(g) in 1l at 298k and 1 mole nh3(g) in 1l at 498k
1 mole n2o4(g) in 1l and 1 mole n2o4(g) in 2l compound in the following pairs would you expect to have the higher absolute entropy.
The correct option is (iii).
What is absolute and residual entropy?The lowest point on the enthalpy temperature scale is known as absolute zero. The entropy that a substance still possesses even at absolute zero is referred to as residual entropy. The vitreous state, or glass, is the most prevalent non-equilibrium state seen. Carbon monoxide is an additional example.
Is positive absolute entropy a constant?Free energy has to be negative for a process to be spontaneous. Reason: Changes in enthalpy and entropy are connected to changes in free energy. If a process is spontaneous, its change in entropy must always be positive.
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You pour 50g of hot water at 60 degrees Celsius on 70g of brass at -188.73 degrees Celsius. The final temperature is 40 degrees Celsius. What is the energy that is transferred from the water to the brass. The specific heat of water is 1cal/g degrees Celsius and the specific heat of brass is 0.090 cal/degrees Celsius.
Pls help
The energy transferred from the water to the brass is 430.7 calories (cal).
To calculate the energy transferred from the water to the brass, we can use the equation;
Q = mC\(Δ_{T}\)
where Q is the energy transferred, m is the mass of the substance, C is the specific heat of the substance, and \(Δ_{T}\) is the change in temperature.
First, we need to find the change in temperature of the water and the brass;
\(Δ_{T}\)_water = final temperature - initial temperature = 40°C - 60°C
= -20°C
\(Δ_{T}\)_brass = final temperature - initial temperature = 40°C - (-188.73°C)
= 228.73°C
Next, we can calculate the energy transferred from the water to the brass using the equation above;
Q_water = m_water x C_water x ΔT_water
Q_brass = m_brass x C_brass x ΔT_brass
where m_water = 50g, C_water = 1 cal/g°C, m_brass = 70g, and C_brass = 0.090 cal/°C.
Plugging in the values, we get;
Q_water = 50g x 1 cal/g°C x (-20°C)
= -1000 cal
Q_brass = 70g x 0.090 cal/°C x 228.73°C
= 1430.7 cal
The negative sign for Q_water indicates that the water lost energy, while the positive sign for Q_brass indicates that the brass gained energy. The total energy transferred from the water to the brass is the sum of these two values;
Q_total = Q_water + Q_brass = -1000 cal + 1430.7 cal
= 430.7 cal
Therefore, the energy that is transferred from the water to the brass is 430.7 cal.
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enter your answer in the provided box. an important industrial route to extremely pure acetic acid is the reaction of methanol with carbon monoxide: h5sil950 use bond energies to calculate the heat of reaction.
According to the question, the heat of the reaction has been -22 kJ/mol where a negative sign illustrates the occurrence of the exothermic reaction.
What is the Heat of reaction?The heat of reaction may be defined as the amount of energy that is significantly absorbed or liberated by the system in order to form the products. This is calculated on the basis of bond energies.
The energy constituent by each bond in the reactant has been the heat of the reactant, and the energy of the product has been the heat of the product.
The heat of the reaction can be calculated by the following formula:
H= \(H_r_e_a_c_t_a_n_t - H_p_r_o_d_u_c_t\).The reactant molecules are \(CH_3OH\) and C≡O.
The bond energy of the reactant is as follows:
\(H_r_e_a_c_t_a_n_t\) = 3 × C-H + C-O + O-H + C≡O.
= 3 × 413 + 358 + 467 + 1070
= 3134 KJ/mol.
The product molecule has been \(CH_3COOH\).
The bond energy of the product is as follows:
\(H_p_r_o_d_u_c_t\) = 3 × C-H + C-O + O-H +C-C + C = O.
= 3 × 413 + 358 + 467 + 347 + 745.
= 3156 KJ/mol.
The heat of the overall reaction is as follows:
ΔH = \(H_r_e_a_c_t_a_n_t - H_p_r_o_d_u_c_t\)
= 3134 - 3156 = -22KJ/mol.
Therefore, the heat of the reaction has been -22 kJ/mol where a negative sign illustrates the occurrence of the exothermic reaction.
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(ii) In this experiment the student uses 1.70 g of the anhydrous copper(II) sulfate.
Calculate the molar enthalpy change (delta H) in kJ/mol.
Include a sign in your answer.
[Mr, of CuSO4 = 159.5]
(ii) In this experiment the student uses 1.70 g of the anhydrous copper(II) sulfate.
Calculate the molar enthalpy change (delta H) in kJ/mol.
Include a sign in your answer.
[Mr, of CuSO4 =
What is the correct order of steps to turn water into electrical energy?
1. Water flows through the penstock
2. The water then spins the blades in a turbine which, in turn, spins a generator that ultimately produces electrical energy
How do we convert water into electrical energy?Hydropower, or hydroelectric power, is one of the oldest and largest sources of renewable energy, which uses the natural flow of moving water to generate electrical energy. The moving water is passed through a pipe also known as penstock, it then turns the blade of the turbine. which then rolls or spin a generator thereby electricity is produced.
The work of the turbine is to convert the kinetic energy of the running water into useable energy.
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nitric acid is often manufactured from the atmospheric gases nitrogen and oxygen, and hydrogen prepared by reforming natural gas, in a two-step process. in the first step, nitrogen and hydrogen react to form ammonia: in the second step, ammonia and oxygen gas react to form nitric acid (hno3) and water: suppose the yield of the first step is 96% and the yield of the second step is 73%. calculate the mass of nitrogen required to make 9.0 kg of nitirc acid.
The solution can be determined by using stoichiometry principle. The mass of nitrogen required to make 9 kg of nitric acid is 2.8539 kg
The stoichiometry of both step of the reaction:
\(N_{\\2}\) + 3\(H_{2}\) ⇒ 2 \(NH_{3}\) , this 1st step have 96% yield
\(NH_{3}\) + 2 \(O_{2}\) = \(HNO_{3}\) , this 2nd step have 73% yield
Molecule weigh of:
\(N_{\\2}\) = 28 gram/mole
\(H_{2}\) = 2 gram/mole
\(NH_{3}\) = 17 gram/mole
\(O_{2}\) = 32 gram/mole
\(HNO_{3}\) = 63 gram/mole
Calculate mole of 9kg of nitric acid
9000 gram / 63 gram/mole = 142.8571 mole
With 73% yield from 2nd reaction, mole of \(NH_{3}\) are:
142.8571 x 100/73 = 195.6947 mole
With 96% yield from 1st reaction, mole of \(N_{\\2}\) are:
195.6947/2 x 100/96 = 101.9243 mole
mass of \(N_{\\2}\) needed are:
101.9243 mole x 28 gram/mole = 2,853.8804 gram = 2.8539 kg
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PLS HELP ! 5.00 mL of a stock solution, containing 0.200 M of Na3PO4 was pipetted into a 25.00 mL volumetric flask and made up to the calibration mark with deionised water. A serial dilution was carried out for another two times to obtain the final solution of desired concentration. Calculate the concentration of the final solution, express in ppm (by volume).
Answer:
262 ppm of Na₃PO₄
Explanation:
In a dilution, the concentration of the initial solution is decreased. When you take 5.00mL of the solution that is diluted to 25.0mL The solution is diluted 25/5 = 5 times
If you make another two serial dilutions the final solution wil decrease its concentration 5*5*5 = 125 times
As original solution containing 0.200 M of Na3PO4, the final solution will have a concentration of:
0.200M / 125 = 1.6x10⁻³M
Molarity is defined as the ratio between moles and liters. 1.6x10⁻³ moles of Na3PO4 in 1L are:
1.6x10⁻³mol ₓ (164g/mol) = 0.262g Na₃PO₄ / L
Assuming density of Na3PO4 as 1g/mL the concentration of the solution is:
0.262mL Na₃PO₄ / L
As 1mL = 1000μL:
262μL Na₃PO₄ / L
μL of solute per L of solution is equal to ppm, that means the solution has:
262 ppm of Na₃PO₄What fabric or fabrics might be best suited for filtering
particles from ▪ A 180oF gas stream that contains
ammonia, and ▪ A 250oF gas stream that contains
SO2?
For filtering particles from a 180°F gas stream containing ammonia, a suitable fabric would be PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene). For the 250°F gas stream containing SO₂, a suitable fabric would be P84 (Polyimide).
When dealing with a 180°F gas stream containing ammonia, PTFE fabric is a good choice due to its excellent chemical resistance and high-temperature stability. PTFE is known for its nonstick properties and resistance to a wide range of chemicals, including ammonia. It can withstand high temperatures and is capable of filtering out particles effectively.
In the case of a 250°F gas stream containing SO₂, P84 fabric is a suitable option. P84, a polyimide-based fabric, exhibits excellent resistance to acids, alkalis, and organic solvents, making it suitable for environments containing SO₂. It has good thermal stability, allowing it to withstand the high temperatures of the gas stream. P84 fabric also has a high filtration efficiency and can effectively capture fine particles.
Both PTFE and P84 fabrics are commonly used in industrial filtration applications due to their chemical resistance, high-temperature stability, and efficient particle filtration capabilities. However, it's important to consider specific operating conditions, such as gas composition, temperature, and other factors, to ensure the chosen fabric is compatible and optimized for the intended application.
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The solute is designated as the dispersed phase in a colloidal suspension.
A. true
B. false
Answer: Im not, sure if this is right, but I personally think that the Answer, to your question is TRUE!
Explanation: But Dont just take my word for it as I am not sure, Myself. I only made a guess.
Given the following equation: 3Cl2 (g) + 8NH3 (g) → N2 (g) +
6NH4Cl (s)
How many moles of NH3 are required to produce 12 moles of NH4CI?
Answer:
16 mol
Explanation:
3Cl2 (g) + 8NH3 (g) → N2 (g) + 6NH4Cl (s)
from reaction 8 mol 6 mol
given x mol 12 mol
8 : x = 6 :12
6x = 12*8
x = 12*8/6 =16 mol
What is the charge of a Li
ion?
Answer:
4.2 volts per cell.
Explanation:
You're paid $25 per hour for your job. How much would you earn in cents per second?
Answer:
0.694 cents per second
Explanation:
25x100=2500 cents per hour, 2500/60 = 41.67 per minute and 41.67/60=0.694 cents per second
many chemical warfare reagents readily convert into reactive 3-membered ring intemaybe not the joker's venom from the batman comics). in turn, these intermediateswhat type of chemical reaction
The conversion of chemical warfare reagents into reactive 3-membered ring intermediates typically involves a type of chemical reaction known as a cyclization reaction or ring-forming reaction.
What is cyclization reaction?
Cyclization reaction refers to a chemical reaction in which a molecule undergoes a rearrangement or reorganization to form a cyclic or ring structure. It involves the formation of covalent bonds between two or more atoms within the same molecule, resulting in the closure of a ring.
In the context of chemical warfare reagents, these intermediates can be highly reactive and contribute to the toxic effects of the substances. The formation of a 3-membered ring often leads to increased ring strain and instability, which can enhance the reactivity and potentially increase the toxicity of the molecule.
Therefore, these reactive 3-membered rings intermediates Cyclization reaction.
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Name the compound: C(CH3)₂H-C(C₂H5)H - CH₂ - C(CH3)3
Answer:
Explanation:
imethyl pentane
which of the statement about subatomic particles is correct
Answer:
Could you provide an image?
The half-life of Radium-226 is 1590 years. If a sample contains 300 mg, how many mg will remain after 2000 years
125.366 mg will remain after 2000 years
Radium is a radioactive element; all radioactive elements are first-order reactions having a half-life constant.
In first-order reactions, the half-life is inversely proportional to the rate constant. The mathematical equation is given below:
For first-order reactions,
\(t_{\frac{1}{2} }\) = ln(2) / k
Half-life (\(t_{\frac{1}{2} }\) ) = 0.693/ k
k = 0.693 / 1590
=0.000436 years
We know that the period of radioactive decay is:
t = 2.303 × log(a / a-x) / k
where,
t ⇒time taken by the radioactive element for decaying.
a ⇒ initial amount
a-x ⇒ amount left after t time
k ⇒ rate constant
Now, putting the values in equation (i)
2000 = 2.303 × log(300 / a-x) / 0.000436
On rearranging,
log(300 / a-x) = 2000 ×0.000436 / 2.303
=0.379
300 / a-x = log 0.379
300 / a-x = 2.393
a-x = 300 / 2.393
= 125.366
Therefore, 125.366 mg will remain after 2000 years.
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Submit two compounds that will correspond to the unknown compound in the equation.
Why Do Some Things Stop While Others Keep Going?
Answer:because they run out of energy when it is transferred and to other objects, or their kinetic energy
Explanation:
please help 500 J of work are done on a box when it is pulled horizontally across a frictionless floor by a force of 50 N. How far did the box slide?
A. 15 m
B. 1 m
C. 10 m
D. 100 m
Answer:
C: 10m
Explanation:
Work Done = Force x Distance
500 = 50 x Distance
To get to 500 multiply 50 by 10!
So, the box slid 10m.
Hope this helps and have a good day! ;D
a flexible vessel contains 37 l of gas where the pressure is 1.0 atm. what will the volume be when the pressure is 0.70 atm, the temperature remaining constant? a. 0.046 l b. 37 l c. 26 l d. 53 l e. 0.019 l
Answer:
\( \huge{ \boxed{53 \: L}}\)
Explanation:
Since temperature is constant the new volume can be found by using the formula for Boyle's law which is;
\(v_2 = \frac{p_1v_1}{p_2} \\\)
P1 is the initial pressure
P2 is the final pressure
V1 is the initial volume
V2 is the final volume
From the question
v1 = 37 L
P1 = 1 atm
P2 = 0.7 atm
Substituting the values into the above formula we have.
\(v_2 = \frac{37 \times 1}{0.7} = \frac{37}{0.7} \\ = 52.857 \approx53\)
We have the final answer as
53 LWhich statement describes the periodic table?
Answer:
The periodic table is a tabular array of the chemical elements organized by atomic number, from the element with the lowest atomic number, hydrogen, to the element with the highest atomic number, oganesson. The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element.
All the following are true EXCEPT
A. Atomic radius of Na < atomic radius of Mg
B. electronegativity of C > electronegativity of B
C. 1st ionization energy of K > first ionization energy of Rb.
D. lonic radius of Br"> atomic radius of Br
Answer:
D) ionic radius of Br">atomic radius of br
The area of an object is calculated from experimental data to be 24.6623 cm2. The ± absolute error in the area was determined to be ± 0.6 cm2. The area should be reported, in cm 2 , as A. 25 B. 24.7 C. 24.66 D. 24.6623 E. 24.662
we should take out from point
What information does the formula of a compound give
Answer:
A chemical formula tells us the number of atoms of each element in a compound.
Explanation:
Explanation:
formula shows
types of element ( composition ) number of atom type of mol ( which is monoatomic , diatomic and polyatomic.)The composition of a compound is 6.27 g calcium and 1.46 g nitrogen.
Calculate the empirical formula.
Answer:
Ca₃N₂
Explanation:
The empirical formula is the simplest whole-number ratio between moles of each element present in a molecule.
Thus, we need to convert mass of each atom to moles and find the ratio between these as follows:
Moles N:
1.46g * (1mol / 14.0067g) = 0.104moles
Moles Ca:
6.27g * (1mol / 40.078g) = 0.156moles
The ratio between Moles N and moles of Ca is:
0.156moles / 0.104 moles = 1.5
That means there are 1.5 moles of Ca per mole of N. As empirical formula must be given in whole numbers:
There are 3 moles of Ca per 2 moles of N.
Empirical formula is:
Ca₃N₂what protic solvent for sn1 master organic chemistry?
Some common protic solvents used in SN1 reactions include water, alcohols, and carboxylic acids.
In organic chemistry, SN1 reactions are a type of substitution reaction that occurs in a protic solvent.
A protic solvent is a solvent that has a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen. This allows the solvent to form hydrogen bonds with the reactants and stabilize the transition state of the reaction.
These solvents are able to stabilize the carbocation intermediate that is formed during the reaction, which helps to increase the reaction rate.
It is important to note that the choice of solvent can have a significant impact on the rate and outcome of the reaction. For example, a polar protic solvent like water will favor the SN1 reaction, while a polar aprotic solvent like acetone will favor the SN2 reaction.
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Concentrated hydrochloric acid is 36% (Weight/Volume) hydrochloric acid and has a density of 1.18 g.cm -3.
( i ) If 10 cm 3 of the concentrated acid is dissolved in water to produce 1 dm 3 of solution, calculate the concentration in mol. dm-3 of the dilute solution.
( ii ) If 5cm3 of the dilute solution in ( i ) above is made up to 20 cm3, what will be the new concentration in mol.dm-3.
i. The new concentration is 0.116 M
ii. The new concentration is 0.029 M
What is the concentration of the original hydrochloric acid acid?The concentration of the original or stock hydrochloric acid is calculated as follows:
Molarity = Percentage concentration * Density * 1000/Molar mass * 100Molarity of stock HCl = 36 * 1.18* 1000 /36.5 * 100
Molarity of stock HCl = 11.6 mol/dm
i. Using the dilution formula: M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
M₂ = M₁V₁ /V₂
M₂ = 11.6 * 10/1000
M₂ = 0.116 M
The new concentration = 0.116 M
ii. Using M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
M₂ = M₁V₁ /V₂
M₂ = 0.116 * 5/20
M₂ = 0.029 M
The new concentration = 0.029 M
In conclusion, the new concentrations are found using the dilution formula.
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which of the following require oxygen to grow? group of answer choices facultative anaerobes aerobes anaerobes all of the above
Aerobes are organisms that require oxygen to grow and survive. The correct answer is: aerobes.
They have metabolic pathways that depend on the presence of oxygen for efficient energy production through aerobic respiration. Without oxygen, aerobes cannot carry out their metabolic processes effectively.
Facultative anaerobes, on the other hand, can grow and survive in the presence or absence of oxygen. They have the ability to switch between aerobic and anaerobic metabolic pathways depending on the availability of oxygen. In the presence of oxygen, facultative anaerobes can utilize aerobic respiration, and in the absence of oxygen, they can switch to anaerobic fermentation.
Anaerobes are organisms that do not require oxygen for growth and can even be inhibited or killed by its presence. They have metabolic pathways that allow them to carry out fermentation or other anaerobic processes for energy production.
Therefore, the correct answer is aerobes, as they specifically require oxygen to grow.
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Something your grateful for and 5 reasons why?
Answer:
Good Health. Even if your health isn't great, it could be worse and you likely still have some working parts to be thankful for.
Good Friends.
Your Parents.
Freedom of Religion.
Explanation: