The introduction of refined sugars into the human diet allowed for the colonization of S. mutans in the oral cavities of humans.
S. mutans is a type of bacteria that feeds on sugars and produces acid, which can erode tooth enamel and lead to dental cavities. Prior to the consumption of refined sugars, humans had a more varied and natural diet that did not promote the growth of S. mutans in the mouth. S. mutans is a type of bacteria that is commonly associated with dental caries (tooth decay) and is found in dental plaque. The bacteria use refined sugar as a source of energy and produce acid as a byproduct of their metabolism, which can demineralize tooth enamel and lead to the formation of cavities.
Before the widespread availability of refined sugar, human diets were relatively low in fermentable carbohydrates, and S. mutans was not a major component of the oral microbiota. However, with the introduction of sugary foods and drinks, S. mutans was able to rapidly colonize the oral cavity and become a major contributor to dental caries. Other factors, such as poor oral hygiene, also play a role in the development of dental caries, but the availability of refined sugar is considered a key factor in the emergence of S. mutans as a major dental pathogen.
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Name this phase of mitosis *
•spindle disappears
chromosomes
start to
decondense
•nuclear
membrane
re-forms
-nucleolus
reappears
telophase
O anaphase
O metaphase
O prophase
Answer:
metaphase
Explanation:
When glaciers melt, water is returned to ground water storage by what means
When glaciers melt, water is returned to groundwater storage through infiltration.
As glaciers melt, the water produced flows over the surface and seeps into the ground through a process called infiltration. Infiltration refers to the movement of water from the surface into the soil and underlying rock layers. The melted glacier water percolates through the porous spaces in the soil and fills the underground spaces known as aquifers.
These aquifers serve as natural reservoirs, storing the water and replenishing the groundwater supply. Over time, the stored water in the aquifers may be released through springs or utilized by plants and animals. In this way, the melting of glaciers contributes to the replenishment of groundwater storage, ensuring the availability of water resources for ecosystems and human use.
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In the cat, the head is ____ to the tail. in the human, the head is ___ to the gluteal region
In the cat, the head is anterior to the tail. in the human, the head is superior to the gluteal region.
Comparison between cat and human.Cats have tails. Humans have a bony mess called the coccyx that often leads to back problems.Cats walk on four legs of equal length. Humans walk on two large hind legs and their smaller front legs are adapted to open tins of cat food.Cats grow long, pointed claws on their paws. Human claws are rudimentary.A very important thing about cat anatomy is their extremely flexible spines, and the fact that their shoulder blades are attached only by muscle, not to other bones.A relatively short length of cat intestines versus humans, a reflection of their role as carnivores. You will also see differences in dentition, mandible range of motion and salivary enzymes for similar reasons.To learn more about cat and human,
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Kelly - Human Anatomy Spring 2021
If a person has hypothermia, which of the following is true?
The person was exposed to really hot temperatures.
The person has a hard time staying hydrated.
o The person is losing heat faster than the body can produce it.
The person's pancreas is not making enough insulin.
Answer:
The person is losing heat faster than the body can produce it
Explanation:
hypothermia is when the persons body is too cold, that it is having a hard time producinh enough heat
Classify each characteristic as describing glycoproteins or proteoglycans. Glycoproteins Proteoglycans Answer Bank exclusively located at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix include the heparan sulfate family only has sulfated glycosaminoglycan chains covalently linked to Ser may contain N-linked glycosidic bonds found in Golgi complexes, secretory granules, and lysosomes form highly specific sites for recognition and high-affinity binding by lectins
Glycoproteins are proteins that have been modified with carbohydrates (sugars), which are attached to the proteins via covalent bonds. They are found exclusively at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. They may contain N-linked glycosidic bonds and form highly specific sites for recognition and high-affinity binding by lectins.
Proteoglycans:Proteoglycans are proteins that have been modified with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which are long polysaccharide chains that are covalently linked to serine residues of the protein. They are found in Golgi complexes, secretory granules, and lysosomes and include the heparan sulfate family. They consist of sulfated GAGs, which form highly specific sites for recognition and high-affinity binding by lectins.
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all people are born with natural capacities for growth and fulfillment according to
All people are born with natural capacities for growth and fulfillment according to humanistic psychology.
Humanistic psychology believes that all people have a natural inclination towards personal growth, self-actualization, and fulfillment, which can be achieved through conscious effort and self-reflection. This perspective highlights the importance of an individual's subjective experience, personal values, and unique qualities in understanding their behavior and development.
Humanistic psychologists also stress the significance of positive interpersonal relationships, empathy, and authenticity in promoting personal growth and wellbeing. They advocate for a holistic approach to mental health, which integrates the physical, emotional, and spiritual aspects of an individual's life.
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The complete question is:
Fill in the blanks:
All people are born with natural capacities for growth and fulfillment according to ________
What are riparian buffers?
Answer: A riparian buffer or stream buffer is a vegetated area near a stream, usually forested, which helps shade and partially protect the stream from the impact of adjacent land uses. It plays a key role in increasing water quality in associated streams, rivers, and lakes, thus providing environmental benefits.
Explanation: Have a blessed day! Hopefully this helped!
Answer: Riparian buffers are the natural vegetation from the edge of a stream bank out through the riparian zone. The vegetative zone serves as a buffer to pollutants entering a stream from runoff, controls erosion, and provides habitat and nutrient input into the stream.
Explanation:
I will give brain to the correct answer!
Which statement best explains how sewage systems help fight the spread of disease?
A. They carry antibiotics that kill pathogens
B. They carry human waste to treatment facilities away from cities
C. They kill animals that spread pathogenic bacteria
D. They add chlorine to drinking water before it is transported to homes.
B. They carry human waste to treatment facilities away from cities
How does glycogen metabolism serve to regulate the blood glucose levels and provide a "reservoir" of glucose for strenuous muscle activity?
Glycogen metabolism regulates blood glucose levels and provides glucose for strenuous muscle activity.
Glycogen metabolism plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels and providing a reservoir of glucose for strenuous muscle activity. When blood glucose levels are high, the hormone insulin stimulates glycogen synthesis. Excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During periods of low blood glucose, such as fasting or intense exercise, the hormone glucagon promotes glycogen breakdown, releasing glucose back into the bloodstream. This process, known as glycogenolysis, helps maintain blood glucose levels within a normal range. Additionally, glycogen serves as a readily available source of glucose for muscles during intense exercise, allowing for sustained energy production and preventing muscle fatigue.
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A mutation in a gene results in an animal that cannot make a protein that allows muscles to contract which of these is most likely to happen
Answer:
it will get weaker give water
Explanation:
feed it bread
A heritable change in a person's genetic makeup is referred to as a mutation. Changes can be substantial or negligible. Chromosomes or chromosome parts may be lost, added, duplicated, or rearranged in significant alterations. Thus, option B is correct.
What mutation in a gene results in an animal?High-energy sources like radiation or chemicals in the environment can both result in mutations. They may also emerge on their own during DNA replication. The two main kinds of mutations are chromosomal abnormalities and point mutations.
Mutations can alter an organism's phenotype, which is its outward appearance, or they can have an impact on the way DNA encodes the genetic information (genotype). When mutations happen, they might kill an organism completely or only partially.
The likelihood that a gene mutation will cause an animal to be unable to produce the protein necessary for muscles to contract is that the animal will perish before producing any progeny.
Therefore, The animal will die before having any offspring.
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The above given question is incomplete. The complete question is given below:
A mutation in a gene results in an animal that cannot make a protein that allows muscles to contract. Which of these is most likely to happen? * A. The gene will eventually be found in all animals of the species. B. The animal will die before having any offspring. C. The gene will change back to the normal form. D. The animal will pass this gene on to many offspring.
29. Mobility contributes to positive outcomes throughout the body. What is a positive effect of mobility on the respiratory system
Regular mobility and physical activity can improve lung capacity and function, allowing for increased oxygen intake and carbon dioxide removal, leading to improved respiratory health and decreased risk of respiratory diseases.
Mobility plays an essential role in promoting a healthy respiratory system. Physical activity and mobility can enhance lung capacity and oxygen uptake, which are critical factors in maintaining healthy lungs.
Regular physical activity can also help to reduce the risk of respiratory infections and other respiratory-related illnesses.
One of the significant benefits of mobility on the respiratory system is the improvement in lung function.
Exercise and physical activity can help to strengthen the respiratory muscles, which in turn can improve lung capacity and efficiency.
Additionally, physical activity can help to reduce inflammation in the lungs, which is a contributing factor to respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Another positive effect of mobility on the respiratory system is the increase in oxygen uptake.
When we exercise, we breathe in more oxygen, which is then transported throughout the body to fuel our muscles and other organs.
This increased oxygen uptake can improve the overall health and function of the respiratory system.
In conclusion, mobility and physical activity are essential in promoting a healthy respiratory system. Improved lung function and oxygen uptake are just a few of the many benefits that can be achieved through regular exercise and mobility.
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two structures that help E. coli move???
I NEED HELPP
PLEASE
Unarected
Umected
daughter
Carner
daughter
Anected
son
In humans, as well as in many other animals and some plants, the sex of the individual is determined by sex chromosomes.
The sex chromosomes are one pair of non-homologous chromosomes. XX represents a female, while XY represents a male
When a gene for a specific trait is attached to the X or Y chromosome, we say it is sex-Linked, and when it is attached to the X
chromosome, we say it is X-linked. Alleles for these linked traits, such as hemophilia on color blindness, crosses, may be
recessive or dominant
This is one possible cross (above) for the X-linked condition known as hemophilia. Which pair of parents is most likely to have a
hemophiliac daughter?
Time
Remaining
00:06:49
-
carrier mother and unaffected father
5
carrer mother and hemophiliac father
opac mother and a carrier father
Answer:
Tbh i have that question too
Explanation:
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is produced by the pituitary gland when the brain detects lower than optimum levels of water in the body. In the kidneys, ADH promotes the uptake of water, creating more concentrated urine. ADH travels from the pituitary gland to the kidney through the ________ system.
Answer:
circulatory system
Explanation:
ADH travels in the bloodstream to the kidneys
you observe a cow that is giving birth. you notice that the back feet are coming first. what is a major concern that you for the safe delivery of the calf.
When the back feet of a calf are coming first during the birthing process in a cow, a major concern is the risk of dystocia or difficult labor. This presentation is known as "breech birth" or "posterior presentation."
The normal presentation for a calf during birth is with the front feet and head coming first, as they are better suited to navigate through the birth canal. When the back feet are coming first, it can indicate that the calf is in an abnormal position within the birth canal.
The major concern with a breech birth is that the calf's body is larger and less flexible than its head, making it challenging for the cow to deliver the calf naturally. This can result in a prolonged or obstructed labor, increasing the risk of injury to both the cow and the calf.
In such cases, it is crucial to seek veterinary assistance promptly to ensure a safe delivery. The veterinarian can assess the situation, provide necessary interventions such as repositioning the calf or performing a cesarean section if required, and help minimize potential complications.
To ensure the well-being of the cow and calf during calving, it is always recommended to have a trained professional, such as a veterinarian or experienced livestock handler, present to assist and monitor the birthing process.
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NEED HELP WITH THIS!!! Please help by end of the night
Answer:
First Blank: anaphase
Third Blank: telophase
Fifth Blank: cytokinesis
Sixth Blank: metaphase
(I didn't put the second and fourth because you already did)
Hope this helps!
PLEASE HELP ASAP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Will mark brainliest!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
According to the cladogram which of the following is the derived characteristic shared by amphibians and reptiles
bony skeleton
lungs
Answer:
C.) lungs
Explanation:
In the cladogram, amohibians and reptiles are seperated under the 'lungs' branch.
Therefore, having lungs is a shared characteristic among amphibians and reptiles
According to the cladogram bony skeleton and lungsare the derived characteristic shared by amphibians and reptiles. Hence the correct option is C.
A bony skeleton is a derived characteristic shared by both amphibians and reptiles. Unlike more ancient organisms like cartilaginous fish, which have a skeletal structure made of cartilage, both amphibians and reptiles have evolved to possess a bony skeleton composed of hard, calcified bones. This bony framework provides greater support and protection.
Lungs are another derived characteristic shared by amphibians and reptiles. As vertebrates that have adapted to life on land, both groups require a reliable respiratory system to breathe air. Lungs are specialized respiratory organs that enable these organisms to extract oxygen from the air and release carbon dioxide.
Hence the correct option is C.
The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
According to the cladogram which of the following is the derived characteristic shared by amphibians and reptilesbony skeletonlungs.
a. Bony skeleton
b. Lungs
c. Both a and b
d. Neither a nor b
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please select those nutrients that are essential for growth, reproduction and maintenance of a bacterial cell
nutrients that are essential for growth, reproduction and maintenance of a bacterial cell: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur.
In bacteria, the cell wall creates a stiff structure that is uniform in thickness all around the cell, giving it the distinctive shape it has (rod, coccus, or spiral). The plasma (cytoplasmic) membrane is located inside of the cell wall (or stiff peptidoglycan layer), and it is typically in close proximity to the wall layer. A freeze-fractured cell from a Gram-negative bacterium shows the topographic interactions between the cell wall and envelope layers and the plasma membrane. Typical fracture planes in most Gram-negative bacteria include weak cleavage planes through the envelope's outer membrane and broad fracture planes through the bilayer area of the underlying plasma membrane.
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complete question
please select those nutrients that are essential for growth, reproduction and maintenance of a bacterial cell
Carbon, DNA, hydrogen, oxygen, phospholipid, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur
how can the amino acid sequence determine the characteristics of an organism?
Answer:
\/(*^*)\/
Explanation:
If organelles were not functioning properly, which of the following would be true?
A. Both unicellular and multicellular organisms would not be able to carry out the life functions to maintain homeostasis.
B. Only unicellular organisms would not be able to carry out the life functions to maintain homeostasis.
C. Only multicellular organisms would not be able to carry out the life functions to maintain homeostasis.
D. Both unicellular and multicellular organisms would function normally.
Answer:
f organelles were not functioning properly, which of the following would be true?
A. Both unicellular and multicellular organisms would not be able to carry out the life functions to maintain homeostasis.
B. Only unicellular organisms would not be able to carry out the life functions to maintain homeostasis.
C. Only multicellular organisms would not be able to carry out the life functions to maintain homeostasis.
D. Both unicellular and multicellular organisms would function normally.
Explanation:
Which physical security threat includes heat and humidity? Biological Weather Structural failure Earth movement
The physical security threat that includes heat and humidity is weather. Weather is one of the most unpredictable and dangerous physical security threats. It refers to all atmospheric conditions, such as heat, humidity, wind, and precipitation, that can pose a risk to individuals and property.
In high temperatures, humidity, and poor air quality, employees and individuals are prone to heat exhaustion and dehydration. High humidity levels can also cause electronic equipment to malfunction. Weather-related emergencies, such as flooding, hurricanes, and tornadoes, pose a significant threat to buildings, assets, and individuals.
Thus, it is essential to have effective security measures in place to deal with the consequences of harsh weather conditions. Security systems such as CCTV cameras, alarms, and surveillance systems must be able to withstand harsh environmental conditions and continue to operate effectively.
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What type of organism would live in deep sea vents, harness chemical energy spewing out of the vents to make sugar and be the beginning of the food web in deep sea ecosystems?.
Answer:
Symbiotic bacteria
Explanation:
Symbiotic bacteria live in the mussels' gills. Like the microbes living inside tubeworms, these bacteria use energy from chemicals in the vent fluids to produce sugars.
WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST!!
The diagram below shows a cross section view of a flower.
What is the name of structure Z?
Answer:
stamen
Explanation:
identify structure A
identify structure b
identify structure c
identify structure d
options are chloroplast
stroma
granum
thylakiod
based on the reading above describe two diff between mysteceti and odonticeti whales one diff should be in anatomy and the other in feeding behavior. plz help me guys give a short answer
Answer:
both are different in feeding behaviour and blowholes.
Explanation:
The main difference between Mysteceti and odonticeti whales is the presence of feeding behaviour. Mysteceti whales also known as baleen whales which have baleen plates that capture prey from sea water while on the other hand, odonticeti whales have teeth which helps these whales to hunt aquatic animals. Baleen whales have baleen plates, or sheets, which sieve prey or food from seawater whereas toothed whales have teeth which helps them to actively hunt fish, squid and other sea creatures. The number of blowholes also different in both whales, Odontoceti whale has only 1 blowhole, but the Mysticeti has two blowholes in its body.
A protein has the following sequence: ser-his-thr-tyr. What component of protein structure is this?
The protein with the linear chain sequence ser-his-thr-tyr represents the primary structure of the protein.
Proteins are the biomolecules that are made up of amino acids as the monomers. Proteins are the most essential biomolecules as they are involved in all the processes of the living organisms. They have structural, enzymatic and various other roles.
The proteins is made up of four levels of structures: primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary. Primary structure is the one where the proteins exists as a linear chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bond. The primary structure is most essential as it decides the fate of further structures and also the function of the protein.
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.How many chromosomes do immature sperm cells have once spermatogenesis concludes?A. 18B. 23C. 46D. 36
The correct answer is B, 23. Spermatogenesis is the process of sperm cell development in the testes. It involves the division of diploid germ cells (spermatogonia) into haploid sperm cells (spermatozoa). During spermatogenesis, the diploid germ cells undergo meiosis, resulting in four haploid cells, each with 23 chromosomes.
These cells are known as spermatids. The spermatids then undergo further maturation to become spermatozoa. Thus, once spermatogenesis concludes, immature sperm cells have 23 chromosomes.
immature sperm cells have 23 chromosomes once spermatogenesis concludes. This is due to the process of meiosis, which results in haploid cells with half the number of chromosomes as the original diploid cells.
Main Answer: Once spermatogenesis concludes, immature sperm cells, also known as spermatids, have 23 chromosomes.
Spermatogenesis is the process through which sperm cells develop and mature. It starts with spermatogonia, which are diploid cells containing 46 chromosomes. These cells undergo mitosis to produce primary spermatocytes, which also have 46 chromosomes. Primary spermatocytes then undergo meiosis I to form secondary spermatocytes, which have 23 chromosomes each. Finally, secondary spermatocytes undergo meiosis II, resulting in spermatids, which are the immature sperm cells containing 23 chromosomes.
23 chromosomes are present in immature sperm cells once spermatogenesis is complete.
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what would happen if you stand on a white dwarf star
Answer:
you wouldn't live
Explanation:
it's way to hot to stand on a scarf star
1
Cells do which of the following? (check all that apply)
A reproduce
B
take in nutrients
c get rid of wastes
D
use energy
Answer:
A can be right answer because reproduction is completely based on cells where as others r n{t primary function
All of the above options are functions carried out by cells including reproduction, nutrient absorption, excretion and energy utilization.
What are the functions of cell?Cells take in nutrients from meals, turn those nutrients into energy, and carry out specialized functions while doing so. They are responsible for providing structure for the body. Additionally, cells are capable of duplicating themselves and contain the hereditary material of the organism. There are numerous components that make up a cell, each of which has a specific purpose.
Cells must execute metabolic activities to survive, but some byproducts can be poisonous or fatal if they accumulate. Excretion removes cell wastes.
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The world's largest ocean is the
a. Indian Ocean
b. Arctic Ocean
C. Atlantic Ocean
d. Pacific Ocean.
\(\huge\purple{Hi!}\)
the answer is d.pacific ocean is the largest ocean in the world it is also the world's deepest ocean.
Option d is correct. Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world.
The Pacific Ocean, A body of seawater that stretches from the Antarctic region in the south towards the Arctic Circle in the north and is sandwiched between Asia and Australia on the west and South and North America on the east. It covers roughly one-third of the earth's surface and is arguably the largest of the world's oceans. Its total area, excluding neighbouring seas, is estimated 63,800,000 square miles (165,250,000 square kilometres), which is twice the size of the Atlantic Ocean and larger than the entire land area of the world. It has a mean depth of 14,040 feet (4,280 m). The western Pacific is known for its numerous outlying seas.
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