The front trailer supports are up, and the trailer is resting on the tractor. Make sure that (1) there is enough clearance between the upper and lower fifth wheel
There is enough clearance between the upper and lower fifth wheel 2. there is enough clearance between the tractor frame and the landing gear 3. the safety latch is in the unlocked position and It's important to ensure that the trailer is properly connected to the tractor to ensure safety while driving. When connecting the trailer to the tractor, make sure that the front trailer supports are up and that the trailer is resting on the tractor.
Additionally, check that there is enough clearance between the upper and lower fifth wheel to prevent any issues during transport. It's also important to ensure that there is enough clearance between the tractor frame and the landing gear to avoid any damage or safety hazards. Finally, make sure that the safety latch is in the unlocked position before driving off. By taking these steps, you can help ensure a safe and successful trip.
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Anyone got a pc that can run 240 fps? Around like 1,300 dollars that can run 240 fps on fortnite whoever answers and gives me a good pc I will give brainliest
Answer:
What do u need it for just gaming or for streaming and other things
Under a subsection for geological hazards the buyer is encouraged to obtain an read the booklet
Answer:
Buyer is encouraged to obtain and read the booklet entitled "The Homeowners Guide to Earthquake Safety." In most cases a questionnaire within the booklet must be completed by Seller and the entire booklet given to the Buyer if the Property was built prior to 1960.
4. a. A family purchased a 3 acre piece of land in Limuru for Kshs.30,000,000.00 fifteen years ago. They planted trees at a cost of Kshs.250,000.00 per acre. Each year they have been spending on average Kshs.25,000.00 per acre per month to take care of the trees and also to secure the property. They are now considering selling it. What is the minimum amount they should accept so as not to incur a loss bearing in mind that comparable properties have been yielding a rate of 6.5% interest per annum? (8 marks)
b. “Compulsory acquisition is the power of government to acquire private rights in land for public good without the willing consent of the owner but; in exchange for compensation”. Discuss this statement with special reference to the main considerations that ought to be made in conducting a valuation for compulsory acquisition. (12 marks)
The family should accept a minimum of Kshs.42,250,000.00 to avoid incurring a loss.
Why should they accept this amount and why?To obtain the total cost, the expenses for the land, trees and upkeep are summed up and subsequently reduced by 6. 5% using a discount rate.
Hence, it can be seen that a forced acquisition appraisal primarily focuses on three key factors: the land's market value, the expenses involved in replacing the property, and the potential harm caused to the owner's belongings.
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is the following statement true or false? continuous queries can be used to monitor a data stream to look for particular events of interest.
The statement is true. Continuous queries can indeed be used to monitor a data stream and identify specific events of interest. Continuous queries are queries that are continuously running and monitoring data streams in real-time. They are commonly used in stream processing systems to analyze and process data as it arrives.
With continuous queries, it is possible to specify certain conditions or patterns that define the events of interest. The queries are designed to continuously evaluate the incoming data against these conditions and identify when the events occur. For example, in a financial system, continuous queries can be used to monitor a stream of stock market data and identify when the price of a particular stock exceeds a certain threshold or when a specific pattern emerges in the data. Similarly, in a network monitoring system, continuous queries can be used to identify abnormal traffic patterns or detect potential security breaches.
By continuously monitoring the data stream and applying predefined criteria, continuous queries enable real-time detection and response to events of interest. This makes them valuable tools for various applications such as fraud detection, anomaly detection, and real-time analytics.
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Why do pre-construction and design specialists typically take an interdisciplinary approach to their work? O to maximize employability options to draw on a varied creative tool set O to integrate well with other team members to understand the methods of the construction team Sign
Answer:
There are a few key benefits to a pre-construction and design specialist taking an interdisciplinary approach:
To maximize employability options. Having exposure to different fields and skills makes a specialist a more versatile and attractive job candidate. They can work across multiple areas of design, planning, architecture and construction.
To draw on a varied creative tool set. Exposure to fields like architecture, engineering, economics, sustainability and more provides many perspectives and solutions to tapping into. This leads to more innovative and well-rounded design thinking.
To integrate well with other team members. Understanding the methods, priorities, constraints and languages of fields like architecture, engineering, planning, and construction allows a specialist to collaborate more effectively. They can translate across disciplines and facilitate joined-up thinking.
To understand constraints and optimally balance priorities. No design or pre-construction problem has limitless options. An interdisciplinary approach helps gain insights into the constraints each field operates under and how to optimize solutions across ecological, economic, functional and other priorities.
To consider impacts holistically. Many impacts, like environmental sustainability, cost efficiency and user experience, span multiple disciplines. An interdisciplinary mindset is needed to evaluate options based on overall impact, not just impacts within one area of focus.
Of these options, I believe "To integrate well with other team members" is the strongest summary of why an interdisciplinary approach is so valuable for this type of specialist role. Understanding other fields in depth helps in collaborating, communicating clearly, addressing concerns proactively and finding optimal compromise - all of which are key to successfully interweaving different areas of expertise on a team.
Explanation:
What 2 things can you never eat for breakfast?
i know the answer but lets see if you do
Answer:
you can't eat your school computer or a pencil.
What are the limitations of portable computers?
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At what angle should you place your elbows while at your workstation? Above 120 degrees At 60 degrees Below 90 degrees Between 90 and 110 degrees
Answer:
Between 90 and 110 degrees
Explanation:
Ideally, the angle should not be less than 90° so that your elbows could be parallel to the workstation. This will in turn mean that the shoulders will be relaxed and it will make it a lot less stressful to keep the wrists in a straight manner.
Looking at the options, there is no exact figure of 90°, however, it could be between 90° to 110° because the difference is not going to be much in terms of making the shoulders relaxed.
Answer:
90 degrees i did the test and i also looked it up to make sure i was right.
Explanation:
What cycle time would match capacity and demand if demand is 300 units a day, there are three shifts of 420 minutes each, and workers are given four half – hour breaks during each shift.
In a production line, the cycle time refers to the time needed to complete one process or a unit of the item being manufactured. For instance, if an assembly line manufactures 300 units per day, and they operate 3 shifts a day, then they must make sure that their cycle time aligns with the demand.
What cycle time would match capacity and demand if demand is 300 units a day, there are three shifts of 420 minutes each, and workers are given four half – hour breaks during each shift.To figure out the cycle time, the first step is to determine the total number of production minutes available in a day, which is:420 minutes per shift x 3 shifts = 1260 minutes per day There are 4 half-hour breaks, so in total, there is a 2-hour break, which is equivalent to 120 minutes:420 x 3 - 120 = 1240 minutes available for production. If the demand is 300 units, the production line must produce one unit every:1240/300 = 4.133 minutes or 4 minutes and 8 seconds In conclusion, the cycle time that would match capacity and demand if the demand is 300 units a day, there are three shifts of 420 minutes each, and workers are given four half – hour breaks during each shift is 4 minutes and 8 seconds.For more such question on equivalent
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Which three security features match the server security level?
Answer:
我不知道答案是什么,但我认为从我这里得到答案并不好
two potential locations are being considered. as a civil engineer complete the annual worth/uniform series approach to incremental bc to determine which project to select.
As a civil engineer, when comparing two potential locations for a project, it is essential to evaluate the cost-benefit analysis using various techniques. One of the popular techniques is the Annual Worth/Uniform Series approach to incremental BC analysis.
To determine which project to select, we need to analyze the incremental cost and benefits of each project. In this approach, we calculate the present value of the annual cost and benefit streams for both projects and then determine the net present value of the incremental benefits.
Let's assume that Project A has an annual benefit of $100,000 and an annual cost of $70,000. On the other hand, Project B has an annual benefit of $120,000 and an annual cost of $90,000. The time horizon for both projects is 5 years, and the discount rate is 10%.
Using the Annual Worth/Uniform Series approach to incremental BC, we can calculate the net present value of the incremental benefit of Project B over Project A, which is $82,251. This means that Project B generates a higher benefit than Project A, and thus, we should select Project B.
In conclusion, the Annual Worth/Uniform Series approach to incremental BC analysis is an effective tool for comparing two potential projects' cost-benefit analysis. This approach enables civil engineers to make informed decisions based on financial and economic considerations.
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The design product will be a description of the most efficient thermodynamic cycle required to supply 750 MW of electric power. Maximum efficiency is achieved by determining the best pressure at which to operate flash evaporator (2, 3, 7, 8) within the limits imposed by the specified parameters.
You should provide:
1. temperature, pressure, and entropy at the state points;
2. overall flow rate of water through the nuclear reactor;
3. heat transfer in the nuclear reactor;
4. % of the overall flow rate passing through the steam turbine;
5. power required for condensate pump 1;
6. power required for condensate pump 2;
7. cooling water flow rate.
Situation: Attached
Diagram: Attached
Water is used as the working fluid of a pressurized-water nuclear power plant (shown in the figure) designed to produce 750 MW of electric power. Saturated liquid exiting the reactor enters a flash evaporator at a selected pressure. The pressure reduction is achieved by a constant enthalpy throttle valve. Thus, a fraction of the water flashes into saturated steam (state 2) and the remainder flows as liquid into the mixing chamber (state 3, p3=p2). The steam enters the turbine,
PLEASE FIND THE SOLUTION WITH CALCULATIONS for 7 parts in total.
Answer:
I'm 50s I be sliding on them crabs and we be posting 5 inta a Snapple
It is okay to download information without asking a lab instructor as long as it is for your online class. truefalse
Answer:
False
Explanation:
It is not okay to download information without asking a lab instructor, even if it is for an online class. Academic integrity policies and copyright laws still apply to online courses and students are expected to follow ethical and legal guidelines when accessing and using information. If you are unsure about whether it is appropriate to download certain information or materials, it is always best to check with your instructor.
A modem transmits a +2 voltage signal into a channel. The channel adds to this signal a noise term that is drawn from the set {0,−1,−2,−3} with respective probabilities {4/10,3/10,2/10,1/10} (a) Find the PMF of the output Y of the channel. (b) What is the probability that the output of the channel is equal to the input of the channel? (c) What is the probability that the output of the channel is positive?
In a channel where a modem transmits a +2 voltage signal, the PMF of the output Y includes probabilities of 4/10 for +2, 3/10 for +1, 2/10 for 0, and 1/10 for -1. The probability of the output being equal to the input is 4/10, and the probability of the output being positive is 7/10.
To solve this problem, we'll use the given probabilities to determine the probability mass function (PMF) of the output Y of the channel.
(a) PMF of the output Y:
Let's define Y as the output of the channel after adding noise. The possible values of Y are determined by adding the noise terms to the input signal.
Y = +2 + 0 = +2 (with probability 4/10)
Y = +2 + (-1) = +1 (with probability 3/10)
Y = +2 + (-2) = 0 (with probability 2/10)
Y = +2 + (-3) = -1 (with probability 1/10)
Therefore, the PMF of Y is:
P(Y = +2) = 4/10
P(Y = +1) = 3/10
P(Y = 0) = 2/10
P(Y = -1) = 1/10
(b) Probability that the output is equal to the input:
We can see from the PMF that Y = +2 occurs with a probability of 4/10. Therefore, the probability that the output of the channel is equal to the input is 4/10.
(c) Probability that the output is positive:
The values of Y that are positive are +2 and +1. From the PMF, we can calculate the probability as follows:
P(Y > 0) = P(Y = +2) + P(Y = +1) = (4/10) + (3/10) = 7/10
Therefore, the probability that the output of the channel is positive is 7/10.
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Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct about the following problem? Finding equal number of a’s followed by equal number of b’s (anbn) is possible/impossible with C - - language.
Explanation:
Yes, it is possible to find a solution for this problem with C-- Language if there want and decrement operations and another variable to determine change of state from a to b.
Tidal turbines convert the energy of a flowing tide to generate electricity. Early designs of these machines commonly had their rotor attached to a supporting tower mounted on the seabed – see for example Figure QC2.1. A representation of a tide-driven flow of water past a tidal turbine is sketched in Figure QC2.2. An expansion of the flow from d1 to d2 is imagined to occur over the rotor, with half of the expansion (in area) happening upstream of the rotor, and half downstream.
(a) Explain why the active part of the inflow (the streamtube shown in Figure
QC2.2) expands its cross-section as it passes the turbine. (2)
Analysis for the analogous situation of a wind turbine with uniform inflow, attributed to Albert Betz and others in the 1920s, demonstrated that for optimum efficiency of energy extraction from the inflow, the far upstream flow speed should be reduced by the turbine such that the far downstream speed is 1/3rd of the far upstream speed.
(b) Suggest three reasons why this theoretical maximum efficiency will in general
not be achieved in a practical tidal turbine deployment. (3)
(c) The Alstom 1.4 MW OceadeTM turbine has a rotor diameter of 18 m. The
supporting tower has a height of 15 m and a diameter of 3 m. In a 3 ms-1 tidal
flow, estimate the total fluid loading experienced by the whole machine. State
and justify the assumptions that you make in arriving at this estimate. (12)
(d) How would you expect to use these estimates of forces when designing the
turbine and tower structure?
(a) The active part of the inflow expands its cross-section as it passes the tidal turbine due to conservation of mass and energy.
(b) Several reasons contribute to the theoretical maximum efficiency not being achieved in practical tidal turbine deployments, including turbulence, non-uniform flow, and mechanical losses.
(c) Estimating the total fluid loading on the Alstom 1.4 MW OceadeTM turbine requires considering the flow velocity, rotor and tower dimensions, and making assumptions about the flow characteristics and structural properties.
(d) The estimates of forces obtained from the fluid loading calculations are essential for designing the turbine and tower structure by ensuring that they can withstand the anticipated loads and stresses.
(a) The active part of the inflow expands its cross-section as it passes the tidal turbine due to the principle of conservation of mass and energy. As the tidal flow encounters the turbine rotor, some of the kinetic energy of the flow is converted into mechanical energy to drive the turbine. To satisfy the conservation of mass, the cross-sectional area of the flow must increase to compensate for the reduction in flow velocity caused by energy extraction.
(b) Achieving the theoretical maximum efficiency in practical tidal turbine deployments is challenging due to several reasons. First, tidal flows are often characterized by turbulence, which disrupts the uniformity of the flow and reduces overall efficiency. Second, tidal flow itself is not uniformly distributed, and the flow characteristics vary with tidal cycles, further impacting efficiency. Lastly, mechanical losses in the turbine's components, such as friction and resistance, reduce the efficiency of energy conversion.
(c) Estimating the total fluid loading on the Alstom 1.4 MW OceadeTM turbine involves considering the flow velocity, rotor diameter, and tower dimensions. Assuming a tidal flow velocity of 3 m/s, the fluid loading can be estimated by considering the momentum change and forces acting on the rotor and tower surfaces. Assumptions may include a simplified flow model, neglecting factors such as turbulence and non-uniform flow, and assuming a stationary tower. These assumptions simplify the calculation while providing a reasonable estimate of the fluid loading.
(d) The estimates of forces obtained from the fluid loading calculations are crucial for designing the turbine and tower structure. These estimates help engineers determine the required structural strength, material selection, and design considerations to ensure that the turbine and tower can withstand the anticipated fluid forces and mechanical stresses. By considering the estimated forces, designers can optimize the structural integrity, stability, and reliability of the turbine and tower, ensuring safe and efficient operation in tidal environments.
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The moisture content of a saturated clay is 160 %. The specific gravity of the soil solids Gs is 2.40. What are the wet and dry densities of the saturated clay? hints: what is the degree of saturation of a saturated soil?)
Answer: 162.4
Sorry if you get it wrong :(
Explanation:
How long has Artificial Intelligence (AI) existed?
Answer:
In the 1940s and 50s, a handful of scientists from a variety of fields (mathematics, psychology, engineering, economics and political science) began to discuss the possibility of creating an artificial brain. The field of artificial intelligence research was founded as an academic discipline in 1956
Explanation:
Given the input to an LTI system is: x(k)=(
3
1
)
k
1(k)+2
k
1(−k−1) and the corresponding output is: y(k)=5(
3
1
)
k
1(k)−5(
3
2
)
k
1(k) (a) Find the system function of H(z)=
X(z)
Y(z)
. Also plot the poles and zeros of H(z) and indicate the region of convergence. (b) Find the impulse response h(k) of the system. (c) Write the difference equation that is satisfied by the given input and output.
Main answer is in words, the output y(k) is equal to one-fifth times the input x(k).
To find the system function H(z), we need to find the transfer function H(z) = X(z)/Y(z),
Where X(z) is the z-transform of the input x(k) and Y(z) is the z-transform of the output .Taking the z-transform of the input.Taking the z-transform of the output.The system function H(z) is a constant value of 1/5, which means the system is a simple gain.To plot the poles and zeros of H(z), we need to determine the values of z for which the denominator and numerator of H(z) equal zero. In this case,the denominator has a pole at while the numerator 1 has no zeros.
The region of convergence (R O C) is the set of values of z for which the z-transform converges. In this case, since the system function H(z) is a rational function with a constant value, it converges for all values of z except.Therefore, the R O C is the entire z-plane excluding the point .To find the impulse response h(k) of the system, we can use the inverse z transform of H(z). Since H(z) is a constant value of 1/5, the inverse z-transform is simply where δ(k) is the discrete-time unit impulse function.The difference equation satisfied by the given input and output can be derived from the system function H(z) or the impulse response h(k).Using the system function.
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A contractor estimates maintenance costs for a new piece of equipment to be $275 for the first month with a monthly increase of 0.5%. At i = 0.75% per month, what is the present cost of maintenance for the new equipment across 4 years?
The present cost of maintenance for the new equipment across 4 years is $12,266.01.
What is the formula for calculating a growing annuity?The formula for calculating a growing annuity is as follows:
\(\frac{M}{r-g}\) \((1- (\frac{1+g}{1+r} )^N).\)where M = the first payment, g = the growth rate, r = the discount rate, and N = the number of payments.
According to the question,
The first payment is = 275
The growth rate is = 0.5%.
The discount rate is = 0.75%.
The number of payments in 4 years = 4*12 = 48.
Now, put all values in the above equation:
\(\frac{275}{0.75 - 0.5}\) \((1- (\frac{1+0.5}{1+0.75} )^4^8)\) = 12.366.01.
Therefore, the present cost of maintenance for the new equipment across 4 years is $12,266.01.
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Seth wants to build a wall of bricks. Which equipment will help him in the process?
OA masonry pump
OB. hacksaw
OC. mortar mixer
OD. pressurized cleaning equipment
Two technicians are discussing the a series-parallel brake lamp circuit that does not illuminate. Technician A states that an open in one of the parallel branches could be the cause. Technician B states that a shorted (or stuck closed) brake lamp switch wired in series could be the cause. Which technician is correct? Group of answer choices
Answer:
Technician B is correct.
Explanation:
Two technicians are discussing the a series-parallel brake lamp circuit that does not illuminate.
The statement made by Technician A saying that an open in one of the parallel branches could be the cause has no ground because an opening in any branches has not to do with the issue since there is no disconnection The statement made by Technician B saying that a shorted (or stuck closed) brake lamp switch wired in series could be the cause is correct.
Why is sand used as a bed for melting of metal in Cupola furnace?
Answer:
A sand bed is necessary because it provides a refractory bottom for molten metal
:]
Searches related to Probability questions - A person frequents one of the two restaurants KARIM or NAZEER, choosing Chicken's item 70% of the time and fish's item 30% of the time. Regardless of where he goes , he orders Afghani Chicken 60% of his visits. (a) The next time he goes into a restaurants, what is the probability that he goes to KARIM and orders Afghani Chicken. (b) Are the two events in part a independent? Explain. (c) If he goes into a restaurants and orders Afghani Chicken, what is the probability that he is at NAZEER. (d) What is the probability that he goes to KARIM or orders Afghani Chicken or both?
Answer:
a) 0.42
b) Independent
c) 30%
d) 0.88
Explanation:
Person chooses Chicken's item : 70% = 0.7
Person chooses fish's item : 30% = 0.3
Visits in which he orders Afghani Chicken = 60% = 0.6
a) Probability that he goes to KARIM and orders Afghani Chicken:
P = 0.7 * 0.6 = 0.42
b) Two events are said to be independent when occurrence of one event does not affect the probability of the other event's occurrence. Here the person orders Afghani Chicken regardless of where he visits so the events are independent.
c) P = 0.30 because he orders Afghani Chicken regardless of where he visits.
d) Let A be the probability that he goes to KARIM:
P(A) = 0.7 * ( 1 - 0.6 ) = 0.28
Let A be the probability that he orders Afghani Chicken:
P(B) = 0.3 * 0.6 = 0.18
Let C be the probability that he goes to KARIM and orders Afghani chicken:
= 0.7 * 0.6 = 0.42
So probability that he goes to KARIM or orders Afghani Chicken or both:
P(A) + P(B) + P(C) = 0.28 + 0.18 + 0.42 = 0.88
Please help I need by today !!
What is the purpose of an engineering notebook ?
What is the purpose of a portfolio?
A data analyst prepares to communicate to an audience about an analysis project. They consider what the audience members hope to do with the data insights. This describes establishing the setting.
True
False
Assuming a data analyst prepares to communicate to an audience about an analysis project and considers what the audience members hope to do with the data insights, this describes establishing the setting: False.
What is data?In Computer technology, data is any representation of factual instructions or information in a formalized and structured manner, especially as a series of binary digits (bits), symbols, characters, quantities, or strings that are used on computer systems in a company.
Who is a data analyst?A data analyst can be defined as an expert or professional who is saddled with the responsibility of inspecting, transforming, analyzing, and modelling data with the sole aim of discovering useful information, providing insights, and creating informed conclusions, in order to support decision-making and create a completed report.
In Computer technology, audience engagement in data storytelling simply refers to a process that is typically focused on considering all of the issues that audience members hope to do and achieve with the data insights provided by a data analyst.
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12. Some engine blocks are made of _______, but its high cost prohibits use in average-priced vehicles. A. cast iron B. aluminum C. magnesium alloy D. hydrocarbon
an 80-kg fireman slides 5.0 m down a fire pole. he holds the pole, which exerts a 500-n steady resistive force on the fireman. at the bottom he slows to a stop in 0.40 m by bending his knees. what can you determine using this information? determine it.
Using the given information, we can determine that the net force acting on the fireman while sliding down the fire pole is 284 N, the acceleration is\(3.55 m/s²\), the time taken to slide down the pole is 1.19 s, and the deceleration while coming to a stop is \(0 m/s².\)
Based on the given information, we can determine several things:
1. The gravitational force acting on the fireman is equal to his weight, which is calculated by multiplying his mass (80 kg) by the acceleration due to gravity\((9.8 m/s²)\). So, the gravitational force acting on the fireman is\(80 kg * 9.8 m/s² = 784 N.\)
2. The net force acting on the fireman while sliding down the fire pole is the difference between the gravitational force (784 N) and the resistive force exerted by the pole (500 N). Therefore, the net force is \(784 N - 500 N = 284 N.\)
3. The acceleration of the fireman can be calculated using Newton's second law, Rearranging the formula, we can calculate the acceleration as net force divided by mass. So, the acceleration of the fireman is \(284 N / 80 kg = 3.55 m/s².\)
4. To determine the time it takes for the fireman to slide down the pole, we can use the formula of motion, a is the acceleration \((3.55 m/s²)\), and t is the time. Since the fireman starts from rest (u = 0), the equation simplifies to s = \((1/2)at²\).
5. Finally, to determine the deceleration of the fireman as he bends his knees to come to a stop, we can use the formula of motion, \(v² = u² + 2as\), where v is the final velocity (0 m/s), we can calculate the deceleration as\(v² / (2s\)). Plugging in the values, we get a = \(0² / (2 * 0.40 m) = 0 m/s².\)
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The wing of the Fairchild Republic A-10A twin-jet close-support airplane is approximately rectangular with a wingspan (the length perpendicular to the fl ow direction) of 17.5 m and a chord (the length parallel to the fl ow direction) of 3 m. The airplane is fl ying at standard sea level with a velocity of 200 m/s. If the fl ow is considered to be completely laminar, calculate the boundary layer thickness at the trailing edge and the total skin friction drag. Assume that the wing is approximated by a fl at plate. Assume incompressible fl ow.
An airplane flying across the sky experience drag force determined by the factors including the speed of flight, coefficient of skin friction and the reference surface area
The boundary layer thickness is approximately 0.233 cm
The total skin friction drag, is approximately 265 N
Reason:
First part:
Given parameters are;
Chord length, L = 3 m
Velocity of the plane, V = 200 m/s
Density of the air, ρ = 1.225 kg/m³
Viscosity of the air, μ = 1.81 × 10⁻⁵ kg/(m·s)
The Reynolds number is given as follows;
\(R_{eL} = \dfrac{\rho \times V \times L}{\mu}\)
Therefore;
\(R_{eL} = \dfrac{1.255 \times 200 \times 3}{1.81 \times 10^{-5}} = 4.16022099448 \times 10^7 \approx 4.16 \times 10^7\)
Boundary layer thickness, \(\delta_L\), for laminar flow, is given as follows;
\(\dfrac{ \delta_L }{L}=\dfrac{5.0}{\sqrt{R_{eL} } }\)
\({ \delta_L }=\dfrac{5.0 \times L}{\sqrt{R_{eL} } }\)
Which gives;
\({ \delta_L }=\dfrac{5.0 \times 3}{\sqrt{4.16 \times 10^{7}} } \approx 2.33 \times 10^{-3 }\)
The boundary layer thickness, \(\delta_L\) ≈ 2.33 × 10⁻³ m = 0.233 cm
Second Part
The total skin friction is given as follows;
\(Dynamic \ pressure, q = \dfrac{1}{2} \cdot \rho \cdot V^2\)
Therefore;
\(q = \dfrac{1}{2} \times 1.225 \times 200^2 = 24,500\)
The dynamic pressure, q = 24,500 N/m²
Skin friction drag coefficient, \(C_D\), is given as follows;
\(C_D = \dfrac{1.328}{\sqrt{R_{eL} } }\)
Therefore;
\(C_D = \dfrac{1.328}{\sqrt{4.16 \times 10^7 } } \approx 2.06 \times 10^{-4}\)
Skin friction drag, \(D_f\), is given as follows;
\(D_f\) = q × \(C_D\) × A
Where;
A = The reference area
∴ \(D_f\) = 24,500 N/m² × 2.06 × 10⁻⁴ × 3 m × 17.5 m = 264.9675 N ≈ 265 N
The total skin friction drag, \(D_f\) ≈ 265 N
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A venture tube is used to measure the flow rate of a liquid in a pipe (liquid density is 800 kg/m3). The pipe has a diameter of 10 cm and the smallest diameter of the venture has a diameter of 4 cm. A manometer with a manometer fluid of mercury (specific weight of 133 kN/m3) is used to calculate the flow rate which is connected to the venture section such that one leg is far upstream and the second leg is at the minimum diameter of the venture tube. If the flow rate is 0.05 m3/s determine the elevation change in the manometer fluid.
a. 14.6 m
b. 9.28 m
c. 4.64 m
d. 2.32 m
Answer:
\(\triangle h=4.935m\)
Explanation:
From the question we are told that:
Liquid density \(\rho=800\)
Diameter of pipe \(d=4cm \approx 0.004m\)
Diameter of venture \(d=10cm \approx 0.010m\)
Specific weight of mercury P_mg \(133 kN/m^3\)
Flow rate \(r=0.05 m^3/s\)
Area A:
\(A_1=\frac{\pi}{4}0.1^2\\A_1=0.00785m^2\\A_2=\frac{\pi}{4}0.04^2\\A_2=0.001256m^2\\\)
Generally the Bernoulli's equation is mathematically given by
\(\frac{P_1}{\rho_1g}+\frac{V_1^2}{2g}=\frac{P_2}{\rho g}+\frac{V_2^2}{2g}\\\)
Where
\(V_1=\frac{r}{A_1} \\\\ &V_1=\frac{r}{A_2}\)
Therefore
\(P_1-P_2=\frac{Pr^2}{2}(\frac{A_1^2-A_2^2}{A_1^2A_2^2})\)
Generally the equation for pressure difference b/w manometer fluid is given as
\(P_1-P_2=(p_mg-pg)\triangle h\)
Therefore
\((p_mg-pg)\triangle h=\frac{Pr^2}{2}(\frac{A_1^2-A_2^2}{A_1^2A_2^2})\)
\(\triangle h=\frac{\frac{Pr^2}{2}(\frac{A_1^2-A_2^2}{A_1^2A_2^2})}{(p_mg-pg)}\)
\(\triangle h=\frac{\frac{(800)(0.05)^2}{2}(\frac{(0.1)^2-(0.4)^2}{(0.1)^2(0.04)^2})}{(1.33*10^3-800*9.81)}\)
\(\triangle h=4.935m\)
Therefore elevation change is mathematically given by
\(\triangle h=4.935m\)