the fertilized egg cell begins to divide, and the dna of each new cell is an exact copy of the original cell. based on this information what type of cell division is responsible for blastocyst formation?

Answer: The amniotes are distinguished from amphibians by the presence of a terrestrially adapted egg protected by amniotic membranes. The amniotes include reptiles, birds, and mammals. A key adaptation that permitted reptiles to live on land was the development of scaly skin. I hope this helps

Explanation:

Local anesthetics, work by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels in the plasma membrane of neurons which are responsible for the influx of sodium ions into the neuron, which is necessary for the generation and propagation of action potentials.

By decreasing the permeability of sodium in the plasma membrane, local anesthetics prevent the influx of sodium ions into the neuron. As a result, the threshold for depolarization is not reached, and action potentials cannot be generated.

In more detail, when a neuron is at rest, its membrane potential is negative, with more negatively charged ions inside the neuron compared to outside. When a stimulus is applied, it causes the voltage-gated sodium channels to open, allowing sodium ions to flow into the neuron, which depolarizes the membrane potential and generates an action potential.

However, if the permeability of sodium in the membrane is decreased by the local anesthetic, fewer sodium ions can enter the neuron, making it harder to reach the threshold for depolarization and generating an action potential. Consequently, the neuron is unable to transmit nerve impulses, and the sensation of pain is blocked.

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When organisms are arranged in the order of their age, a continual series of changes is observed, with new changes being added at each stage. This phenomenon is inherent in the field of biology and reflects the process of development and growth.

Throughout an organism's lifespan, it undergoes various transformations, both physical and physiological, as it progresses from birth to maturity. These changes encompass aspects such as cellular differentiation, organ formation, hormonal shifts, and neurological development. The ordered sequence of these changes provides a snapshot of the progressive nature of life and highlights the intricate and dynamic nature of biological systems. It underscores the ongoing adaptation and evolution of organisms as they navigate through different life stages.

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The genetic material inherited in an organelle, such as a mitochondrion or a chloroplast, exhibits non-Mendelian inheritance.

This type of inheritance, also known as extranuclear inheritance or cytoplasmic inheritance, occurs because these organelles contain their own DNA and reproduce independently from the nuclear DNA of the cell.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is inherited exclusively from the mother, as the sperm contributes little to no mitochondria during fertilization. This maternal inheritance pattern allows for the tracing of maternal lineages through mtDNA analysis.

Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), found in plants and algae, is inherited in a less consistent manner. In most cases, cpDNA is maternally inherited, but there are instances of biparental or paternal inheritance in certain species.

Both mtDNA and cpDNA exhibit a high mutation rate and lack the DNA repair mechanisms found in nuclear DNA, making them valuable for evolutionary and population genetics studies. Overall, the inheritance of genetic material in organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts differs from the classical Mendelian inheritance seen with nuclear DNA.

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The substance produced by a living organism that is poisonous to human beings is referred to as a toxin (C).

A toxin is any substance produced by a living organism, such as bacteria, fungi, plants, or animals, that is harmful or poisonous to human beings. Toxins are typically synthesized by organisms as a defense mechanism or as a means to incapacitate or kill prey. When humans come into contact with toxins, they can cause adverse effects on the body, ranging from mild symptoms to severe illness or even death. Toxins can target specific organs or systems in the body and disrupt their normal functioning. Examples of toxins include botulinum toxin produced by certain bacteria, venom from snakes or spiders, and poisonous compounds found in certain plants or mushrooms.

Antibodies, on the other hand, are proteins produced by the immune system in response to the presence of foreign substances called antigens. Antibodies help to identify and neutralize antigens, such as bacteria or viruses, as part of the body's immune response.

Acid is a general term for a substance that has a low pH and can donate protons or accept electrons. Acids can have various effects on the body, but they are not inherently produced by living organisms.

Antigens are substances, usually proteins, that can trigger an immune response in the body. They are recognized by the immune system as foreign or non-self, leading to the production of antibodies. Antigens can come from pathogens, such as bacteria or viruses, or from other sources such as allergens or transplanted tissues.

Hence, toxin is the substance that is poisonous to human beings.

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la verdad no se la repuesta si me la hubiera sabido si te la hubiera dicho

Answer:

the answer is external

Explanation:

hope this helps

answer is EXPERIMENT because both variable are used to test a hypothesis

Bacteriophages multiply within bacterial cells through the lytic or lysogenic cycle, while animal viruses typically use the steps of attachment, penetration, uncoating, replication, assembly, and release.

Helical viruses have a coiled or spiral-shaped capsid, such as the tobacco mosaic virus. Icosahedral viruses have a symmetrical icosahedral-shaped capsid, like the adenovirus. Complex viruses have a combination of both helical and icosahedral components, such as bacteriophages.

Bacteriophages multiply within bacterial cells through the lytic or lysogenic cycle, while animal viruses typically use the steps of attachment, penetration, uncoating, replication, assembly, and release.

Arthropods can act as mechanical vectors by carrying pathogens on their bodies or in their mouthparts, transmitting them to humans through physical contact. They can also act as biological vectors by harboring and transmitting pathogens within their bodies, such as mosquitoes transmitting malaria parasites.

Fungi are eukaryotic organisms characterized by their filamentous structure (hyphae) and reproduction through spores. They differ from other microorganisms in their mode of nutrition (absorptive), cell wall composition (chitin), mode of reproduction (asexual and sexual), growth at low pH, and preference for organic substrates.

Protozoans are single-celled eukaryotic organisms classified under the kingdom Protista. They exhibit characteristics such as being unicellular, heterotrophic, motile (using cilia, flagella, or pseudopods), and capable of reproduction through binary fission or sexual processes. Examples of human parasites include Plasmodium (causing malaria), Giardia lamblia (causing giardiasis), and Trichomonas vaginalis (causing trichomoniasis).

Helminths are parasitic worms that infect humans. Three examples of helminths that can cause problems in humans are Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm), Taenia solium (pork tapeworm), and Schistosoma mansoni (blood fluke). These helminths can cause diseases such as ascariasis, taeniasis/cysticercosis, and schistosomiasis, respectively. They have complex life cycles involving different developmental stages and can infect various organs or systems in the human body.

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Answer:

It was the result of a colossal impact onto the accumulating Earth flinging raw materials, forming the moon.

It took approximately one million years for the moon to form the Lunar Highlands. 3.9 billion years ago, a vast amount of asteroids and meteorites impacted the moon and reformed the it’s surface. Many people came to believe that at one time the moon’s surface was actually smooth, but when this bombardment of meteorites and asteroids occurred craters were formed. The lunar highlands are light in color, mountainous, and heavily covered with craters. The highlands contain the oldest rocks on the moon which are known as anorthosites, they are composed almost entirely of plagioclase feldspar with a calcium end group ( CaAl2Si2O8). Anorthosites seemed to have formed when feldspar crystallized and floated to the top of a global magma ocean that surrounded the Earth soon after it formed. So the highlands were most likely formed by the magma ocean.

The Maria, which contain many of the Moon’s largest craters called the basins, were most likely caused by the lunar cataclysm. The mare rocks are young compared to the highland rocks, being formed at approximately 3.3-3.6 billion years ago. They contain mostly basaltic rock- a rock with a high percentage of iron ( 17%-22% by weight) and a wide range of titanium (1%-

13% by weight) and a relatively low albedo as compared to the anorthositic highlands.

Rilles can come to be several kilometers wide and hundreds of kilometers in length. They are said to be formed from lava flowing above or under Earth’s surface, and are better known as “lava tubes”.

3 Types exist:

Sinuous Rilles- meander in a

curved path

Arcuate Rilles- have a smooth

curve and are found on the edge

of the lunar mare

Straight Rilles- follow a linear

path and are believed to be

grabbens- areas where the crust

has sunk between two parallel

faults.

Aquifers located below the water table, important sources of freshwater, and located in the saturated zone.

Aquifers are underground, present layers of rock or sand that bear water.

Aquifers are bodies of permeable rock or sediment that have been flooded by groundwater.

As rainwater penetrates through the earth, groundwater enters an aquifer.

It has the ability to migrate through the aquifer and reemerge via springs and wells.

Thus, the correct option is D, all of the above.

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Answer:

Explanation:

the answer is d I got it right

Answer:

1. both 2.two 3.one 4. Sexual

Explanation:

Biology

Answer:

1. both

2. two

3. one

4. sexual

Explanation:

Rolanda primarily relies on microorganisms and oxygen for composting to work.

The breakdown of organic materials into a nutrient-rich soil supplement is known as composting. A wide variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungus, and protozoa, help the process along by consuming the organic stuff and dissolving it into simpler chemicals. Composting is often done in an aerobic setting since these microbes need oxygen to carry out their metabolic functions. Other elements including moisture, temperature, and the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, in addition to microorganisms and oxygen, are crucial to the composting process. Rolanda can produce a nutrient-rich compost that will assist fertilize her tomato plants and enhance soil health by fostering microbial activity.

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In order to break up food to be digested, birds utilize their crop and gizzard. The crop stores food temporarily, and digestive enzymes are added to it to aid in digestion.

The food then moves to the gizzard, which is a muscular organ that breaks down food mechanically.Birds do not have teeth to break down food like mammals do. The food is broken down in their gizzard, which contains small, hard objects such as grit or small stones. As the bird’s gizzard squeezes and grinds, the hard particles help break up the food into smaller pieces, making it easier to digest.

The digestive system of birds is well adapted to their diet, which consists mostly of seeds, grains, and insects. They are able to extract nutrients efficiently and quickly from their food, allowing them to maintain their high metabolism and energy needs.

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Abiotic elements are the non-living parts of an ecosystem. The distribution, survival, and development of living things or aquatic organisms are influenced by these elements.

Thus, abiotic elements include temperature since it impacts organisms' metabolisms and behaviors. Another crucial element is light intensity, which influences the pace of photosynthesis and, consequently, the development of plants. Aquatic organisms need adequate oxygen levels, whereas terrestrial organisms depend on the presence of air.

Another important aspect is the quantity and frequency of precipitation, which influences water availability, plant development, and the availability of habitat for other creatures. Aquatic organisms are impacted by abiotic elements as a result of air and water movement.

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Thirst is the result of reduced extracellular fluid volume and ADH.

ADH, or antidiuretic hormone, is released when there is a drop in the quantity of water in the blood, which encourages fluid reabsorption from the kidneys and also sends signals to the thirst center in the hypothalamus, inducing thirst.

ADH is a hormone that aids in the constricting of blood vessels and aids the kidneys in controlling the quantity of water and salt in the body. This regulates blood pressure and the volume of urine produced.

The hypothalamus in the brain produces ADH, which is then retained in the posterior pituitary gland near the base of the brain. The pituitary gland ordinarily releases ADH in response to sensors that recognize an increase in blood osmolality (the quantity of dissolved particles in the blood) or a reduction in blood volume.

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Abiotic (non-living) and biotic (living) elements that interact in an urban setting make up an urban ecosystem.

The biotic components are -

Humans: Urban ecosystems contain a sizable biotic component in the form of people. Through their involvement in activities like construction, transportation, and trash production, they dwell and influence the urban environment.

Flora: Both native and exotic plant species may be present in urban settings. Parks, street medians, and urban gardens all have trees, bushes, grasses, and floral plants. Oak trees, rose, and turf grasses are a few examples.

Fauna: A variety of animals live in cities and have adapted to the urban environment. Birds like pigeons, sparrows, and crows are examples of common urban fauna. There may also be small mammals like rats, raccoons etc. In urban gardens, insects like bees, butterflies, and ants flourish.

The abiotic components are -

Air: The urban environment has an impact on the ecosystem as an abiotic component. It covers air composition, temperature, humidity, and air quality. Due to emissions from cars, factories, and urban activities, urban areas frequently have greater levels of air pollution.

Water: Urban ecosystems contain a variety of bodies of water, including lakes, rivers, ponds, and man-made water features. These provide as habitats for water animals and plants, including fish and frogs. Water quality can be impacted by urbanisation because runoff carries pollutants from roadways and human activity.

Soil: Although being frequently disturbed and compacted, is essential. It offers a growing environment for plants and sustains creatures like insects and soil microorganisms. The existence of healthier soils in urban contexts is facilitated by the presence of urban gardens and green spaces.

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Answer:

nalaqdua

Explanation:

sbospka ai9wlhzux5 s8fvekg

Answer:

n the different regions of the plant body parenchyma cells are involved in different functions. On this basis, following types of parenchyma can be recognised.

Chlorenchyma is the parenchyma in which the cells contain large number of chloroplasts. Chlorenchyma takes part in photosynthesis. It occurs in the leaves and other green parts of the plant body.

Prosenchyma is a type of parenchyma where cells are elongated with tapering ends.

Arenchyma is the parenchyma in which the cells enclose large intercellular spaces that are filled with air. Aerenchyma helps in buoyancy and respiration. It is characteristically found in aquatic floating plants.

Vascular parenchyma is the parenchyma, which is found associated with the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. Accordingly, it is distinguished into xylem parenchyma and phloem parenchyma.

Medullary parenchyma is the parenchyma, which is found radially arranged in between the vascular bundles in the stem. It is meant for storage of reserve food.

Conjunctive parenchyma is the parenchyma, which occurs in the root system. It is specially meant for storage of water.

Armed parenchyma is the parenchyma, which is found in the epidermis of leaves in some gymnosperms. The cells have many spiny projections. It is defensive in function.

The term describes cells in both plant and animal tissues. In plants, parenchyma cells are a distinct type of tissue that can grow and divide and they have a thin cell wall. They make up flowers, leaves, and the inner parts of roots and stems that grow and divide. These cells secrete sap, exchange gases, and conduct photo synthesis. Plant parenchyma is classified into 4 shapes: polyhedral, stellate, elongated, and lobed.

In animals, parenchymal cells are the functional cells within the organism. This does not include those that have structural and/or protective functions like bone cells that make up a skeleton. In the brain, the parenchyma consists of neurons and glial cells. In addition, the cancer cells in tumors that are not involved with blood vessels are called parenchyma.

Answer:

a. Photosynthetic parenchyma: it is commonly found under the epidermis, where light is more intense. It is specialized in photosynthesis thanks to the many chloroplasts present in the cells.

b. Storage parenchyma: They are mostly found in solution, such as lipids, proteins, and others. Their function is to synthesize and store a number of substances.

c. Aquiferous parenchyma: It is present in plants that live in dry environments, known as xerophyte plants. Their function is to store some amount of water.

Explanation:

Hope u mark as brainiest answer

Answer:

Both tariffs and subsidies raise the price of foreign goods relative to domestic goods, which reduces imports. Barriers to trade are often called “protection” because their stated purpose is to shield or advance particular industries or segments of an economy.

Explanation:

Answer:

answer is b and c

Explanation:

they have different cells, and chloroplast is only in plant cell

When two or more of the same nucleotide (in a row) are detected in the flow-gram, they appear as the highest peak.

The formation of phosphate ester bonds can connect nucleotides. The hydroxyl group of the a phosphate solely on a single nucleotide condenses with the hydroxyl group of another nucleotide's carbohydrate ring. The process of constructing nucleic acid molecules may continue.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as well as ribonucleic acid (RNA) are nucleic acids found in living cell nuclei. They are the carriers of genetic information. Nucleic acids are polymers formed by the condensation of nucleotides.

The process whereby a double-stranded DNA molecule has been copied to produce two identical DNA molecules has been known as replication. One of the fundamental processes which occurs inside a cell is DNA replication.

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Active transport requires energy to move particles across the plasma membrane. Therefore, the correct option is A.

A type of cellular transport known as active transport uses energy to push molecules or ions across their concentration gradient (from an area of ​​low concentration to an area of ​​high concentration) across the plasma membrane. It is powered by cellular energy, which is usually present in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

Because it enables the cell to move important molecules against their concentration gradient and maintains the constancy of the cell's internal environment, this mechanism is essential for preserving homeostasis in the cell. Active transport requires energy to move particles across the plasma membrane.

Therefore, the correct option is A.

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Answer:

A . the formation of male and female sex cell is known as gametogenesis

C. Remove the plaster cast

Answers: I think it’s a or c

Explanation:

Glucagon is not able to compensate for decreasing blood sugar levels due to various factors, including insulin resistance, impaired glucagon secretion, and dysfunction in the liver's response to glucagon.

Glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas that plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. It acts opposite to insulin, promoting the release of glucose from glycogen stores in the liver, thereby increasing blood sugar levels. However, in certain conditions, glucagon may not be able to compensate for decreasing blood sugar levels.

One factor contributing to this is insulin resistance, a condition commonly associated with type 2 diabetes. In insulin resistance, the body's cells become less responsive to the effects of insulin, leading to impaired glucose uptake. This can make it challenging for glucagon to counteract decreasing blood sugar levels because the cells are not effectively utilizing the glucose released by the hormone.

Another factor is impaired glucagon secretion. In some cases, the pancreas may not produce adequate amounts of glucagon or may release it inappropriately. This can disrupt the normal balance between insulin and glucagon and hinder the ability of glucagon to raise blood sugar levels.

Additionally, dysfunction in the liver's response to glucagon can limit its compensatory action. The liver is responsible for releasing glucose into the bloodstream when stimulated by glucagon. However, liver dysfunction, such as fatty liver disease or liver damage, can impair its ability to respond appropriately to glucagon, resulting in inadequate glucose release and ineffective compensation for decreasing blood sugar levels.

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Answer:

Adrenaline

Explanation:

Adrenaline is a hormone that prepares the body for "fight or flight"

Answer:

"In the case of the Bacteria kingdom, ribosomal RNA uncovered the existence of two separate groups of bacteria, Eubacteria and Archaeabacteria. Although they looked similar on the outside, these two bacteria groups were very different on the inside. Archeabacteria differ from bacteria in cell membrane composition, DNA replication, and resistance to extreme environments. Archaea are prokaryotic, but they are not the same as bacteria. Archaea and bacteria have different cell membrane makeups and different systems for DNA replication."

Explanation:

That quote is from the flvs lesson. (:

Woese studied the genes of a large number of organisms.

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