The energy released during the decay of one 56Co atom is 3.72 MeV. If 0.075M_{\odot}of 56Co was produced by the decay of 56Ni following the explosion of a supernova, estimate the amount of energy released per second through the radioactive decay of 56Co:
i) just after the formation of the cobalt;
ii) 80 days after explosion
iii) one year after the explosion
Answers
(I) Just after the formation of the cobalt = 7.03 × \(10^{40\) MeV/s
(II) 80 days after explosion = 3.06 × \(10^{40\) MeV/s
(iii) One year after the explosion 1.12 × \(10^{33\) MeV/s
The rate of energy released through the radioactive decay of 56Co is given by:
R = λNΔE
where λ is the decay constant, N is the number of radioactive nuclei, and ΔE is the energy released per decay.
The number of radioactive nuclei, N, can be calculated from the mass of 56Co produced, M, and its atomic mass, A, as follows:
N = (Avogadro's number * M) / A
where Avogadro's number is approximately 6.022 × \(10^{23\) \(mol^{-1.\)
i) Just after the formation of cobalt, all of the 56Co would be present and none of it would have decayed yet. Thus, the rate of energy released at this time would be:
R = λNΔE = λ (0.075 M ×6.022 × \(10^{23\)) / 56 × 3.72 MeV
= 7.03 × \(10^{40\) MeV/s
ii) 80 days after the explosion, some of the 56Co would have decayed. The number of remaining radioactive nuclei, N', can be calculated using the radioactive decay law:
N' = N \(e^(-λt)\)
where t is the time elapsed since the formation of 56Co. Using the half-life of 56Co, which is 77.27 days, we can calculate the decay constant:
λ = ln(2) /\(t_1/2\) = ln(2) / 77.27 days =\(e^(-8.97\)× 8.97 × \(10^{-3\) \(day^{-1\)
The time elapsed since the formation of 56Co, t, is 80 days. Thus, the number of remaining radioactive nuclei is:
N' = (0.075 M * 6.022 × \(10^{23\)) / \(e^(-8.97\)×56 × \(10^{-3\) \(day^{-1\) × 365 days)
= 0.026 M ×6.022 × \(10^{23\)
The rate of energy released at this time would be:
R = λN'ΔE = λ (0.026 M× 6.022 × \(10^{23\)) / 56 × 3.72 MeV
= 3.06 × \(10^{40\) MeV/s
iii) One year after the explosion, most of the 56Co would have decayed. Using the same approach as in part ii), we find that the number of remaining radioactive nuclei is:
N' = (0.075 M× 6.022 × \(10^{23\)) / 56 × \(e^(-8.97\) × \(10^{-3\) \(day^{-1\) × 365 days)
= 1.35 × \(10^{24\)
The rate of energy released at this time would be:
R = λN'ΔE = λ (1.35 × \(10^{24\)) ×3.72 MeV
= 1.12 × \(10^{33\) MeV/s
Note that the rate of energy released through the radioactive decay of 56Co decreases exponentially with time due to the decay of the radioactive nuclei.
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Related Questions
how did michelson know the time that light took to make the round-trip to the distant mountain?
Answers
Michelson used a technique called the interferometer to measure the time that light took to make the round-trip to the distant mountain.
The interferometer is an optical instrument that splits a beam of light into two separate beams, which then travel different paths before being recombined to produce an interference pattern.
In Michelson's experiment, one of the beams of light was directed towards a mirror located at the top of the mountain, while the other beam was reflected back to a detector. The two beams of light were then recombined and the resulting interference pattern was analyzed to determine the time difference between the two paths.
By measuring the time difference between the two paths, Michelson was able to calculate the distance between the mountain and his laboratory. He then used this distance to determine the speed of light, which allowed him to calculate the time it took for the light to make the round-trip.
Overall, Michelson's use of the interferometer was a groundbreaking achievement in the field of physics, and his measurements of the speed of light have become a cornerstone of modern physics.
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When velocity is constant on a position versus time graph, the slope of the line is _________, but when velocity is changing over time, the slope is __________. a. constant, changing c. constant, constant b. changing, constant d. changing, changing
Answers
Answer: constant, changing
Explanation:
When the velocity of a body is constant the distance-time graph of the body shows a slanting line with a constant slope, which is governed by the formula:
velocity = Displacement/time
therefore, if the slope of the line in the distance-time graph is constant then it represents.
When the velocity of a body keeps changing then the various equation of motion come into play. And the slope of the graph at any point on the distance-time plot represents velocity at that particular instant. This is governed by the formula:
S = Ut + 1/2at^2 which is similar to the equation of the line which is y = mx + c
Here u is the velocity that represents the slope, which keeps changing.
What is the correct equation for velocity:
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Natural history research involves ____ unobsevable and unrepeatable past events.
A. Interpreting B. Verifying C. Asking
please answer soon
Answers
what goes up but never comes down i know the answer but do you?
Answers
Answer:
Our Age :(
Explanation:
we will always age
Question 47 3 pts Suppose a student drinks 500 ml of water. Explain what will happen to their urine volume and urine solute concentration. You must explain the mechanism and the hormone involved. Edit
Answers
When a student drinks 500 ml of water, it will lead to an increase in urine volume and a decrease in urine solute concentration. This is primarily regulated by the hormone called antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin.
Upon water intake, the body's water balance is regulated by the hypothalamus in the brain. It senses the increase in blood volume and subsequently signals the posterior pituitary gland to release ADH into the bloodstream. ADH acts on the kidneys, specifically the collecting ducts, to regulate water reabsorption.
In the presence of ADH, the permeability of the collecting ducts to water increases. This allows water to be reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the bloodstream, reducing the volume of urine produced. As a result, the urine volume decreases.
Simultaneously, the increased reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts dilutes the solute concentration in the urine. This means that the amount of solutes, such as electrolytes and waste products, becomes more diluted in a smaller volume of urine.
Overall, the presence of ADH promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys, reducing urine volume and decreasing urine solute concentration. This mechanism helps maintain the body's water balance and prevent excessive fluid loss.
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The centre of gravity method is likely to gravitate the distribution warehouse towards:
Group of answer choices
Location A with shipment volume of 200 units.
Location B with shipment volume of 400 units.
Location C with shipment volume of 600 units.
Location D with shipment volume of 800 units.
Answers
The center of gravity method for distribution warehouse location is likely to gravitate towards Location D with a shipment volume of 800 units.
Based on shipping quantities and their corresponding distances, a distribution warehouse's ideal location can be found using a methodology called the center of gravity method. To determine the center of gravity, it computes the weighted average of the volumes and distances. The location with the highest volume in this situation is Location D, with a shipment volume of 800 units.
The higher shipment volume at Location D would probably exert a stronger gravitational pull on the distribution warehouse location choice because the center of gravity technique takes both volume and distance into account. As a result, Location D is where the procedure is most likely to end up.
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rajesh used a lens to burn a piece of paper.what is the lens?draw a ray diagram related to this process
Answers
If we want to burn a paper by focusing sunlight then we have to use a converging lens that can converge all sunlight at a point called the focus.
Thus Convex lens is used to burn the paper.
What is the lens?The transmissive optical device known as a lens employs refraction to focus or disperse a light beam. While a compound lens is made up of numerous simple lenses (elements), they are typically oriented along a common axis, as opposed to a simple lens, which is made up of a single transparent piece. Materials like glass or plastic are used to create lenses, which are then polished, ground, or molded into the desired shape. Unlike a prism, which refracts light without concentrating, a lens can focus light to create an image. Lenses are also used to describe instruments that focus or scatter waves of radiation other than visible light, such as explosives, microwaves, and electron lenses.
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What is not a reason to use models in science
Answers
Answer:
they may not be accurate - climate models are hugely complex in terms of numbers of factors involved in atmospheric systems, accuracy is lost in the process of oversimplification.
they rely on the expertise of the people making them.
different people may interpret them in different ways.
hope it helps u..........
It is easier to build up an electrostatic charge (static electricity) on days with low humidity because
Answers
It is easier to build up an electrostatic charge (static electricity) on days with low humidity because there are fewer water molecules present in the air. Humidity is the amount of water vapor present in the air. The drier the air is, the lower its humidity will be.
When the humidity is low, there are fewer water molecules present in the air that can interact with charged objects and neutralize their charges. As a result, it is easier for objects to acquire and retain a charge on days with low humidity, which leads to the buildup of static electricity.
Static electricity is a type of electric charge that occurs when objects have an imbalance of electric charges. It is called static electricity because it is usually caused by friction between two objects that are not moving. This friction can cause electrons to be transferred from one object to another, creating a buildup of electric charge.
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PLEASE HELP THIS IS IMPORTANT!
the more mass an object has the more damage it can cause. true or false?
Answers
Yes it's true
compare a falling feather vs a falling rock
Answer:
It's true. Mass is directly proportional to force so more mass means more force applied which causes more damage.
What is different about parasitism compared to the other biological relationships such as mutualism, predation, competition, and commensalism?
Answers
Answer: parasitic organisms cause harm to other organisms.
Answer:
parasitic organisms cause harm to other organisms.
Explanation:
This famous object is the largest carving in the world created from a single stone.
Answers
It was Shiloh's initial archaeological dig. At the location, he found the most well-known relic.
From from 500 B.C. to roughly 1650 A.D., the Adena, Hopewell, and Fort Ancient Native American societies constructed mounds and enclosures in the Ohio River Valley for burial, religious, and occasionally defence purposes. In 1899, "Mound C" was penetrated by a trench that was built by Shiloh Park Commission chairman Cornelius Cadle. The first archaeological dig at Shiloh took place in 1350 CE, after which the site was abandoned. Around 1000 CE, indigenous people of the Late Woodland civilization first inhabited the area, followed by those of the Early Mississippian culture. The largest stone pipe carved into the form of a kneeling man was the most well-known relic he found at the location. Therefore, choice A is right.
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What materials I need for glass
Answers
Answer:
sand and heat are the things you need
What do the magnets in a computer hard drive and in the strip on a credit
card have in common?
The answer is they store information
Answers
Answer:
they store information
Explanation:
Information are encoded on the magnetic part of a hard drive and the strip of a credit card.
On the drive, series of magnetic fields are used to encode information. The data is stored in form of zeros and ones. A credit card has a magnetic strip where information is encoded. The stripe provides a readability function for electronic devices.Answer:
Tysm
Explanation:
A cell has an emf of 1.5 V and an internal resistance of 0.65 Q.
The cell is connected to a resistor R.
[0[8].[4] State what is meant by an emf of 1.5 V.
[2 marks]
I
[0] 8]-[2] The current in the circuit is 0.31 A.
Show that the total power output of the cell is approximately 0.47 W.
[1 mark]
[o[s).[3] Calcutate the energy dissipated per second in resistor R.
[2 marks]
energy dissipated per second = Ist
[o[si.[4] The cell stores 14 kJ of energy when it is fully charged. The cell's emf and internal resistance are constant as the cell f discharged.
Calculate the maximum time during which the fully-charged cell can deliver energy to
resistor R.
[2 marks)
maximum time = 5
Answers
Answer:
14000 J / 0.40 J/s = 35 000 s or about 9.75 hrs
Why should you never do an exercise such as the bench press without a spotter?
Answers
Answer:
you could hurt yourself
Explanation:
Answer
You should never do an exercise such as the bench press without a spotter because you could hurt yourself or push your self too much.
Explanation:
Match the description to the type of lens. concave convex
see picture
Answers
From the diagram;
A concave lens curves in wards and diverge
A convex lens curves outwards causing light to converge
The types of lensThe inside of a concave lens curves. Light rays flowing through it diverge or spread out because it has a core that is thinner than it does and borders that are thicker. The lens's curving surface on the concave side contributes to its shape and gives it the appearance of being hollowed out. A concave lens can diverge light due to this curvature, which gives it negative optical power.
The outside of a convex lens curves. Light rays flowing through it converge or gather together because it is thicker in the middle and thinner on the sides. The lens's bulging look is a result of the curved surface on the convex side of the object.
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an object projected horizontally from a height flies through the air before hitting the ground. the path of the projectile in the air can be described as a
Answers
The path of the projectile is parabola projected horizontally from a height flies through the air before hitting the ground.
What is projectile and what is the path of projectile in air before hitting the ground?A projectile is an object that is compelled to move under the influence of external force.And then the projectile moves freely under the influence of gravity as in here too.Here an object is projected horizontally from a height flies through the air before hitting the ground.The path of the projectile before hitting the ground would be parabola in the air .Hence when an object projected horizontally from a height flies through the air before hitting the ground, the path of the projectile in the air is parabola.To know more about projectile visit:
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how are cold and warm fronts different? how are cold and warm fronts different? the type of front is determined by which air mass is heavier. the type of front is determined by which air mass is moving. the type of front is determined by which air mass is larger. the type of front is determined by which air mass is older. the type of front is determined by which air mass is higher.
Answers
Cold and warm fronts are different because the type of front is determined by which air mass is heavier.
A cold front forms when a cold air mass advances towards a warm air mass. It is characterized by the cooler air mass pushing under the warmer air mass. This creates a steep slope, and the air rises rapidly, creating thunderstorms and strong winds.
Warm fronts, on the other hand, occur when a warm air mass advances towards a cold air mass. In this case, the warm air mass gradually rises over the denser, cooler air mass. This creates a long, gradual slope, and the air is less likely to create severe weather, instead causing a gradual change in weather patterns.
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A plate moves 200 m in 10,000 years. What is its rat in cm/year
Answers
Answer:
2cm/year
Explanation:
20000/10000=2cm/year
A metal coin has a volume of 835 mm3 and a mass of 5.67 g. What is the density of the coin?
Answers
So I think the answer would be 5.67/ 835 I am not sure of the answer I got confused (´∀｀) but I hope it will help
A metal coin has a volume of 835 mm³ and a mass of 5.67 g, the density of the coin would be 6.79 gram/ cm³
What is density?It can be defined as the mass of any object or body per unit volume of the particular object or body. Generally, it is expressed as in gram per cm³ or kilogram per meter³.
In order to compare different fluids for their respective uses in our daily lives, such as gasoline, diesel, kerosene, etc., the density of the fluids is utilized.
By using the above formula for density
ρ = mass / volume
As given in the problem a metal coin has a volume of 835 mm³ and a mass of 5.67 g.
1 mm³ = 1×10⁻³ cm³
835 mm³ = 835 ×10⁻³ cm³
=0.835 cm³
density = 5.67 /0.835
= 6.79 gram/ cm³
Thus, the density of the coin would be 6.79 gram/ cm³
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A fixed mass of gas has a volume of gas of 25cm3. the pressure of the gas is 100kPA. the volume of the gas is slowly decreased by 15cm3 at a constant temperature. what is the change in the pressure of the gas?
a) 67kPA
b) 150kPA
c) 170kPA
d) 250kPA
give reasons
Answers
A fixed mass of gas has a volume of 25 \(cm^3\), the pressure of the gas is 100 kPa, the volume of the gas is slowly decreased by 15 \(cm^3\) at a constant temperature, and the change in pressure of the gas is 150 kPa, which is option b.
What is the calculation of the change in pressure?PV = nRT (P= pressure of the gas, V =volume, n = number of moles of gas, R = gas constant, and T =temperature of the gas in kelvin)
Suppose the gas is an ideal gas and that the temperature is constant,
P1V1 = P2V2
Here P1 = 100 kPa, V1 = 25 \(cm^3\), V2 = 10 \(cm^3\),
100 kPa x 25 \(cm^3\) = P2 x 10 \(cm^3\)
P2 = (100 kPa x 25 \(cm^3\)) / 10 \(cm^3\)
P2 = 250 kPa
the change in pressure of the gas is,
ΔP = P2 - P1 = 250 kPa - 100 kPa = 150 kPa
The reason is that when the volume of a fixed mass of gas is decreased, the pressure of the gas increases proportionally, so here assuming that the temperature is constant it is calculated.
Hence, the volume of the gas is slowly decreased by 15 \(cm^3\) at a constant temperature, and the change in pressure of the gas is 150 kPa, which is option b.
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1. In 10 seconds, a car accelerates 4 m/s/s to 60 m/s. How fast was the car going before it accelerated?
Answers
a toy rotates at a constant 5rev/min. is its angular acceleration positive, negative, or zero?
Answers
Answer:
Its angular acceleration is zero.
Explanation:
If the angular velocity of an object (in this case the toy) is constant, then its angular acceleration will be zero. Why? Because angular acceleration is the time rate change of angular velocity. Since there is no change, this brings the answer to zero.
using the formula on slide 5, calculate f when lifting a 10 lb weight with the weight held 10 in from the shoulder axis and the muscle force arm 1 in from the shoulder axis.
Answers
The force exerted by the muscle when lifting a 10 lb weight with the weight held 10 in from the shoulder axis and the muscle force arm 1 in from the shoulder axis is 100 lb.
Assuming that the formula being referred to is the one for calculating torque (T) which is given by T = F x d, where F is the force applied and d is the distance between the force and the pivot point (in this case the shoulder axis), and that f refers to the force exerted by the muscle, we can rearrange the formula to solve for f as follows:
T = F x d
Multiplying both sides by 1/d, we get:
T/d = F
Substituting the given values, we get:
T = 10 lb x 10 in = 100 lb-in
d = 1 in
Therefore, f = T/d = 100 lb-in / 1 in = 100 lb.
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Elements that typically give up electrons
A. have a lower ionization energy
B. are nonmetals
C. include the halogens
D. are metals
Answers
Answer:
they are metals
Explanation:
they don't need to gain electrons they need to get rid of them
The allowed energies of a simple atom are 0.0 eV, 4.0 eV, and 6.0 eV.Part A. What wavelength(s) appear(s) in the atom's emission spectrum? If there is more than one answer, enter your answers in ascending order separated by commas.Part B. What wavelength(s) appear(s) in the atom's absorption spectrum? If there is more than one answer, enter your answers in ascending order separated by commas.
Answers
The wavelength appear in the atom's emission spectrum and atom's absorption spectrum are determined to be 3.1 x 10^-7m and 2.1 x 10^-7 m respectively.
A spectrum of atomic emission lines: what is it?When light is dispersed into its various frequencies by a prism, a pattern of lines called an atomic emission spectrum is the result. The hydrogen atomic emission spectrum is depicted in the figure below.
Planck's theory:
E = hc/λ;
h => planck's constant
λ => wvelength
for 4eV:
λ = hc/E
=> 6.626 x 10^-34 x 3 x 10^8/ 4 x 1.602 x 10^-19
=> 3.1 x 10^-7m
for 6 eV:
=> 6.626 x 10^-34 x 3 x 10^8/ 6x 1.602 x 10^-19
=> 2.1 x 10^-7 m
How is a spectrum of atomic absorption created?When light is transmitted through a cold, diluted gas, the gas's atoms absorb at specific frequencies, creating an absorption spectrum. Since the re-emitted light is unlikely to go in the same route as the absorbed photon, this leads in dark lines (absence of light) with in spectral region.
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What is the main difference between physical and chemical changes? ____ a. Chemical changes require a change in composition and physical does not b. Chemical changes do not require a change in composition but physical they do. c. Chemical changes are reversible d. None of the above
Answers
Answer:
a. Chemical changes require a change in composition and physical does not
Explanation:
The main difference between physical and chemical changes is that chemical changes require a change in composition and physical does not.
A chemical change is the change in composition of a substance which is irreversible and a permanent change.
On the other hand, physical change is a temporary change in a substance and can be easily reversible. The composition of a substance do not change in physical composition.
If a 0.3% decrease in the price of a good causes its quantity supplied to decrease by 1%, then the supply is: A. Unit elastic B. Elastic C. Inelastic D. Perfectly inelastic
Answers
If a 0.3% decrease in the price of a good causes its quantity supplied to decrease by 1%, then the supply is C. Inelastic.
In this scenario, the supply of the good is considered inelastic. The elasticity of supply measures the responsiveness of the quantity supplied to changes in price. When the price of a good decreases, and the quantity supplied decreases by a larger percentage, it indicates that the supply is relatively unresponsive to price changes.
To determine the elasticity of supply, we compare the percentage change in quantity supplied to the percentage change in price. In this case, a 0.3% decrease in price results in a 1% decrease in the quantity supplied. Since the percentage change in quantity supplied (1%) is greater than the percentage change in price (0.3%), the supply is considered inelastic.
Inelastic supply means that producers are less responsive to price changes, and a small change in price leads to a proportionally smaller change in quantity supplied. In such cases, producers may find it challenging to adjust their output levels quickly in response to price fluctuations.
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You are waiting in line for your favorite ride and carrying a backpack with you that
weighs 20 N. You've been standing in the SAME spot in line for 5 minutes how much
power do you use? Explain your answer.