The endosymbiotic theory provides compelling evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once primitive bacterial cells. How are chloroplasts and mitochondria similar to prokaryotes? All but ONE apply. A) Chloroplasts and mitochondria contain DNA. B) Chloroplasts and mitochondria have a nucleus. C) Chloroplasts and mitochondria contain ribosomes. D) Chloroplasts and mitochondria have a double membrane.

Cells perform catabolism to generate ATP, which can be used for all of the following except glycogen synthesis.

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy currency of the cell and is generated through cellular respiration, which involves the breakdown of glucose or other organic molecules. ATP is used by the cell for a variety of energy-requiring processes, such as muscle contraction, active transport of ions and molecules across membranes, synthesis of biomolecules like proteins and nucleic acids, and maintenance of cellular homeostasis.

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The protection of habitat, legislation and treaties, and captive breeding are three effective methods for safeguarding biodiversity. the variety of species present in a region. a species that affects the persistence of numerous other species in an ecosystem.

Animals, plants, fungi, and even microorganisms like bacteria can all be present in a given area, which is referred to as having a high level of biodiversity. Similar to an intricate web, each of these species and animals work together in ecosystems to maintain equilibrium and support life. The broad variety of life on Earth is referred to as "biodiversity." It can also be used to refer to every species found in a specific area or environment. All life forms, including plants, microbes, animals, and people, are included in the term "biodiversity."

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Answer:

Hey!

Well next time please put up the different options that we can pick from!

Explanation:

\(WelpItsHappenedAgain!!!\)

During the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis, water supplies Hydrogen ions to produce nadph, an important energy-carrying molecule used to help produce glucose during the light independent reaction.

What is Photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into oxygen and sugar energy.

The majority of life on Earth is dependent on photosynthesis. Plants, algae, and some bacteria carry out the process by capturing sunlight energy and converting it into oxygen (O2) and chemical energy stored in glucose (a sugar). Herbivores get their energy from plants, while carnivores get theirs from herbivores.

Plants absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) from the air and soil during photosynthesis. Water is oxidized within the plant cell, which means it loses electrons, whereas carbon dioxide is reduced, which means it gains electrons. This converts water to oxygen and carbon dioxide to glucose. The plant then returns the oxygen to the atmosphere while storing energy within the glucose molecules.

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Delta's role in regulating cell communication through the Notch signaling pathway is that Delta restricts cell communication to short distances within a developing embryo.

Chemical signals are typically used by cells to communicate. These chemical signals, which are proteins or other molecules made by the sending cell and released into the extracellular space, are frequently secreted by the cell. They can then travel to nearby cells by floating there, much like messages in a bottle.

During the development of fruit fly embryos, the receptor protein notch is visible on the surface of some cells. The protein delta, which is membrane-bound and expressed on the surface of neighboring cells, is the ligand for the notch. The intracellular tail of the notch protein separates from the rest of the protein when notch is activated by its ligand. Consequently, the intracellular tail can move to the cell's nucleus and change the way some genes are expressed.

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Source : The web and textbooks

Answer:

C. Constant supplies of freshwater are needed because body water is continually being lost.

By the beginning of the second trimester of pregnancy, the developing human's body systems have formed, and many organs have begun to function. At this point, the fetus is approximately 3 to 4 inches long and weighs around 1.5 ounces.

The important development that occurs during the second trimester is the formation of the fetus's reproductive organs. Around the 12th week of gestation, the fetus's sex can be determined through ultrasound.

Additionally, the fetus's nervous system continues to develop, and the brain begins to control some bodily functions. The fetus's bones also become harder, and its muscles strengthen, allowing for movement and kicking. By the end of the second trimester of pregnancy, the fetus's senses, including sight, hearing, taste, and touch, have all begun to develop.

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The correct question is:

Fill in the blanks:

By the beginning of the second trimester of pregnancy, the developing human's _________ have formed, and many ___________ have begun to function. At this point, the fetus is approximately ___________ inches long and weighs around _____________.

Answer:

For rainfed wheat grown in more arid climates, such as southern Africa and India, results show that doubled carbon dioxide levels, and their associated climate change impacts, increase yield by 8 percent, an increase that's driven by improved crop water productivity of up to 50 percent. true

Explanation: do you want one?

Growing crops does not raise the carbon levels and does not cause global warming ;  ( i.e. the statement in the question is  False ).

Crops/plant make use of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere during photosynthesis, releasing oxygen and energy into the atmosphere as a by product from photosynthesis.

Global warming is caused by the presence of green house gases in the atmosphere and the removal of CO₂ by plants from the atmosphere during photosynthesis helps with reduction of a green house gas ( CO₂ ).

Hence we can conclude that Growing crops does not raise the carbon levels and does not cause global warming .

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Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is directly responsible for catalyzing the peptide bond between amino acids during translation.

Answer:

B. Membrane-bound organelles

Explanation:

Prokaryotes don't have a nucleus compared to the eukaryotes which do and are considered as all living organisms

Answer: B.

Explanation:

Answer:

Into the atmosphere through tiny openings in the leaves called stomata.

The possible outcome for the kids in this scenario is that they will all have freckles. Let me explain why.

When it comes to freckles, the trait for having freckles is recessive, meaning that it is masked or hidden when the dominant trait (no freckles) is present. In this case, the mom is heterozygous, meaning she has one copy of the freckles gene and one copy of the no freckles gene. The dad, on the other hand, is homozygous recessive, meaning he has two copies of the freckles gene.

Since freckles is a recessive trait, in order for a child to have freckles, they must inherit two copies of the freckles gene - one from each parent. In this scenario, all of the possible outcomes for the kids will be that they inherit one copy of the freckles gene from the mom and one copy from the dad, resulting in them having freckles.

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Answer:

1. Having two similar gametes in which no differentiation can be distinguished, or reproducing by the union of such gametes.

e.g. in Spirogyra and Ulothrix

2. Anisogamy refers to a type of sexual reproduction in which two dissimilar gametes unite or fuse. The gametes may differ in size or form.

Example : human beings, the male gamete sperm is smaller and motile while the female gamete egg is non motile and larger.

3. having or involving a small motile male gamete and a large immotile female gamete.

E.g. Volvox, Fucus

The structures or cells bile encounters are in the order: Hepatocyte, Bile canaliculus, Common hepatic duct, Cystic duct, and Gallbladder.

The liver of most vertebrates produces bile, also known as gall, which is a dark-green to the yellowish-brown fluid that aids in the small intestine's breakdown of lipids. Bile is continuously created by the liver in humans (liver bile), and it is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder. Hepatic bile is made up of 200 meq/l inorganic salts, 0.7% bile salts, 0.2% bilirubin, 0.5% lipids (cholesterol, fatty acids, and lecithin), and 97-98% water. Biliverdin, a green oxidized version of bilirubin, is one of the two primary pigments in bile. They combine to give feces their specific brown hue color. Adult humans produce about 400 to 800 milliliters of bile every day.

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Euglenozoa are monophyletic group of flagellated protists as well as free-living, symbiotic, and parasitic species. According to genetic studies, Euglenozoa are meither plant nor animal despite the suffix zoa. They are somewhat the living dependent of a few of the primal unicellular organisms called eukaryotes. It is also a genus of unicellular flagellate protists where the word "unicellular" means that the organism consists of one cell only that's why they're not considered plant or animals.

The organelle in which photosynthesis occurs is called the chloroplast.

Chloroplasts are membrane-bound organelles found in plant cells and some other eukaryotic organisms, such as algae.

The primary function of chloroplasts is to carry out photosynthesis, a process by which light energy from the sun is converted into chemical energy in the form of organic molecules, such as glucose. Chloroplasts contain the pigment chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy and converts it into chemical energy that can be used to drive photosynthesis.

Chloroplasts are unique organelles in that they have their own DNA and ribosomes, which allows them to carry out some of their own protein synthesis. This is thought to be a result of the endosymbiotic theory, which proposes that chloroplasts evolved from free-living photosynthetic bacteria that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells and eventually evolved into a symbiotic relationship with their host cell.

In summary, the chloroplast is the organelle where photosynthesis occurs, and it is a crucial component of plant and algal cells.

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Answer: 9. Arteries

10. pivot

11. ligament

hope this helps <3

Atom transfer from non living portion of our environment to the living part of our environment through the Food Chain.

The term "food chain" refers to the transfer of matter and energy from one creature to another within an ecological system. Most species consume more than one type of animal or plant, which causes food chains to locally entangle to form a food web. Plants are the primary source of food in the planet because they use photosynthesis to transform solar energy into food. A flesh-eating animal consumes a plant-eating species in a predator chain. A smaller creature partially consumes a larger host in a chain of parasites and may potentially become a parasite on itself. The food source for bacteria in the saprophytic cycle is decomposed organic matter.Study how spiders eat a lot of plants to protect them.

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The complete question is:

Atoms transfer from the non-living portions of our environment to the living parts of our environment through the _____.

A. air cycle

B. food chain

C. rock cycle

D. phosphorous cycle

Explanation:

Because of human-driven increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, there is more CO2 dissolving into the ocean. The ocean's average pH is now around 8.1 , which is basic (or alkaline), but as the ocean continues to absorb more CO2, the pH decreases and the ocean becomes more acidic.

Answer:

Periosteum, Compact Bone, Spongy Bone, Bone Marrow, Articular Cartilage, Medullary Cavity

Explanation:

Periosteum: The outermost layer of a bone is called the periosteum. It is a tough, fibrous membrane that covers the bone's surface. The periosteum contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue that nourish and support the bone.

Compact Bone: Beneath the periosteum lies a layer of compact bone, also known as cortical bone. Compact bone is dense and hard. It forms the main shaft or diaphysis of the long bone. Its structure consists of multiple layers of tightly packed mineralized matrix called lamellae, which contain collagen fibers. Compact bone provides strength and protection to the bone.

Spongy Bone: The interior of the bone, particularly at the ends and in the middle of long bones, contains spongy bone, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. Spongy bone has a porous, lattice-like structure composed of thin, branching bony plates called trabeculae. The spaces between the trabeculae are filled with bone marrow. Spongy bone helps reduce the weight of the bone while providing support and flexibility.

Bone Marrow: Within the spaces of spongy bone is bone marrow. There are two types of bone marrow: red marrow and yellow marrow. Red marrow is responsible for producing blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Yellow marrow consists mainly of fat cells and serves as a storage site for adipose tissue.

Articular Cartilage: At the ends of long bones, where they articulate with other bones in joints, there is a layer of smooth, slippery cartilage called articular cartilage. It helps reduce friction and absorbs shock during movement, facilitating smooth joint motion.

Medullary Cavity: Within the diaphysis or shaft of the long bone, there is a hollow space called the medullary cavity. The medullary cavity contains bone marrow and serves as a storage site for yellow marrow.

Answer:

Question 1:(Amino Acids and Lipids) Question 2:(glycolysis)

Explanation:

The phenotype ratio for the cross would be 1 long:3 short.

This refers to the physical expression of genes.

Let us assume that the allele for short tail is T while that of long tail is t.

Since short tails are dominant over long tails, any genotype with T will always be expressed as short tail.

Thus, TT and 2Tt will have short tails while only tt will have a long tail, making a ratio of 3:1.

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When the current pulse charges the bare membrane, the voltage rises as an exponential function.

When the current pulse charges the bare membrane, the voltage rises as an exponential function due to the charging of the capacitance of the membrane.

A bare membrane is a type of capacitor that stores electrical charge and has a capacitance. When a current pulse is applied to the bare membrane, it starts to charge and the voltage across the membrane rises.

The rate of rise of the voltage is determined by the capacitance of the membrane and the resistance in the circuit. The voltage rise is modeled as an exponential function because the charging of the capacitance is governed by an exponential differential equation.

The exponential rise of the voltage eventually reaches a maximum and starts to decay as the membrane approaches full charge. The final voltage across the membrane will depend on the initial conditions, the capacitance, and the resistance in the circuit.

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The most common reason that DNA analyses overturn incorrect criminal convictions is due to mistaken identity or false confessions.

DNA evidence can prove that the individual convicted of the crime was not the actual perpetrator or can demonstrate that the confession was coerced or given under duress. In many cases, DNA analysis has also revealed errors or misconduct by forensic analysts or law enforcement personnel, leading to wrongful convictions being overturned. The most common reason that DNA analyses overturn incorrect criminal convictions is due to the presence of DNA evidence that conclusively excludes the convicted individual as the perpetrator of the crime. This evidence can effectively demonstrate that another person was responsible for the crime, thus proving the convicted individual's innocence.

In many cases, DNA analyses help to correct wrongful convictions that resulted from faulty eyewitness testimonies, unreliable forensic evidence, or inadequate legal representation. By utilizing advanced DNA testing techniques, investigators can more accurately identify the true perpetrators and rectify injustices in the criminal justice system.

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Chromosomes can balance the reciprocal translocation that does not cause the person to have an abnormal phenotype cause that person’s offspring to have an abnormal phenotype.

The chromosomes are positioned in a balanced reciprocal translocation so that neither more nor less chromosome material is obtained or lost during the operation. Unless they give birth to a kid, a person who has balanced translocation is frequently unaware that they are experiencing this kind of issue. A child may inherit an unbalanced translocation if one parent has a balanced translocation if this is the case. When chromosomal material is exchanged in an imbalanced translocation, genes that should be present are either added or removed. The parent does not always have to pass on balanced translocation to the child if they have it.

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Option (A) The new evidence could be accepted and the theory changed.

As additional scientific evidence is gathered, a scientific theory may be modified and ultimately rejected if it cannot be made to fit the new findings; in such circumstances, a more accurate theory is then required.

A scientific theory is an explanation for a phenomenon in the natural world or the universe that has undergone extensive testing and verification using approved procedures for observation, measurement, and result evaluation. Wherever possible, theories are put to the test in an experiment with strict controls. The principles of abductive reasoning are used to evaluate theories in situations where experimental testing is not feasible. Established scientific theories are the embodiment of scientific knowledge and have withstood close examination.

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