The electron configuration for the element bismuth, (Bi, atomic #83) is: ? 1s22s22p63s23p64s24d104p65s25d105p66s26d106p3 ? 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p66s24f145d106p3 ? 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p66s25d106p3 ? 1s22s22p63s23p64s24d104p65s25d105p66s26f146d106p3

The correct answer is A) cations are positively charged ions. This is because cations have lost electrons, leaving them with a net positive charge.

It is important to note that protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom and play a key role in determining the charge of an ion. So in the case of cations, they have fewer electrons than protons, which results in a positive charge.

Option B is incorrect as cations actually have fewer electrons than protons, not more. Option C is incorrect as neutrons do not affect the charge of an ion. Option D is also incorrect as negatively charged ions are called anions, not cations.
 A) are positively charged ions.

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Answer:

0.659 M NaCl

Explanation:

Equation: Molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution

1. To find moles of solute:

78.0 g NaCl x 1 mol NaCl / 58.44 g NaCl

= 1.334 mol NaCl

2. Calculate molarity

Transfer 2,025 mL to L

1.334 / 2.025 = 0.659 M NaCl (rounded)

The molarity of the sample of seawater that contains 78.0 grams of NaCl in 2,025 mL of solution is 0.66M.

The molarity of a solution can be calculated by dividing the number of moles by its volume.

However, the number of moles of the substance can be calculated as follows:

no of moles = 78g ÷ 58.443g/mol

no of moles = 1.335mol

molarity = no of moles ÷ volume

molarity = 1.335mol ÷ 2.025L

molarity = 0.66M

Therefore, the molarity of the sample of seawater that contains 78.0 grams of NaCl in 2,025 mL of solution is 0.66M.

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Percentage yield = 87.3%

How to find percentage yield ?

As ,the reaction is :

4Fe + 3O2 →2Fe2O3

Molar mass of Fe = 55.8 g

Molar mass of Fe2O3= 159.6 g

According to the balanced equation :

This is the theoretical mass obtained .

Actual mass is 4.77

So, % yield is = (actual /theoretical )/100 =( 4.77/5.46 )/100 = 87.3%

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MO3, MO32-, MO33-, and MO34 are a series of oxoanions. a. The predominance diagrams for each oxoanion over the pH range -2 to 16 can be sketched, taking into account their protonated forms when applicable. b. The trend in basicity within this series can be explained by considering the electronegativity and oxidation state of the central atom in each oxoanion. c. The oxidation states of the central atoms in the series need to be determined in order to relate them to the relative basicity of the oxoanions. d. For the same series of central ions in the determined oxidation states, a comparison can be made regarding the expected relative acidities of the aqueous ions Mn+ based on their oxidation state. e. Two statements can be completed: i. The higher the oxidation state of an ion, the higher the acidity of the ion in water (Mn+(aq)). ii. The higher the oxidation state of the central atom, the lower the basicity of the characteristic oxoanions.

a. Predominance diagrams illustrate the species present at different pH levels. By considering the protonation and deprotonation of the oxoanions, the diagrams can be sketched to show the predominant forms of each species as pH changes.

b. The trend in basicity within the series of oxoanions can be attributed to the electronegativity and oxidation state of the central atom. As the oxidation state increases, the basicity of the oxoanions generally decreases. This is because higher oxidation states result in a greater positive charge on the central atom, making it less capable of accepting a proton and exhibiting basic behavior.

c. Determining the oxidation states of the central atoms in the series is crucial for understanding their relationship with the relative basicity of the oxoanions. The oxidation state provides information about the number of electrons gained or lost by the central atom, influencing its ability to act as a Lewis base and accept protons.

d. Based on the oxidation states determined in part c, the relative acidities of the aqueous ions Mn+ can be compared. Higher oxidation states typically result in stronger acids, as the central atom is more electron-deficient and readily donates protons in an aqueous solution.

e. i. The higher the oxidation state of an ion, the higher the acidity of the ion in water (Mn+(aq)). This is because higher oxidation states lead to a greater electron deficiency in the central atom, increasing its ability to donate protons, and thus, the acidity of the ion in water.

ii. The higher the oxidation state of the central atom, the lower the basicity of the characteristic oxoanions. This is due to the higher positive charge on the central atom, making it less capable of accepting a proton and exhibiting basic behavior.

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The extremophile that has evolved in conditions of extreme drought is the xerophile, while the extremophile that has evolved in conditions of extreme salt is the halophile.

Extremophiles are organisms that thrive in extreme environments, where most other life forms cannot survive. They have developed unique adaptations to withstand and thrive in these extreme conditions. Two types of extremophiles specifically adapted to different extreme environments are xerophiles and halophiles.

Xerophiles are extremophiles that have evolved to survive in conditions of extreme drought. They are adapted to environments with very low water availability or high water stress. These organisms have developed mechanisms to prevent water loss, such as efficient water retention and protection of cellular structures. Xerophiles can be found in desert environments and other arid regions.

On the other hand, halophiles are extremophiles that have evolved to live in conditions of extreme salt concentration. They are adapted to environments with high salinity, such as salt flats, salt lakes, and hypersaline environments. Halophiles have specialized adaptations to cope with the osmotic stress caused by high salt concentrations. They have enzymes and transport proteins that function in high-salt environments and can maintain osmotic balance within their cells.

In summary, xerophiles have evolved in conditions of extreme drought, while halophiles have evolved in conditions of extreme salt. These extremophiles showcase remarkable adaptations to thrive in their respective harsh environments.

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A noble gas has 8 electrons between the p and s orbitals of the outer shell. Helium is the exception because it only has two electrons.

To obtain a 40% antifreeze solution, 1 quart of pure antifreeze needs to be added to the existing 2 quarts of a 10% antifreeze solution.

To solve this problem, we need to determine the amount of pure antifreeze that should be added to achieve the desired concentration of 40%.

The initial solution contains 2 quarts of a 10% antifreeze solution. This means that out of the 2 quarts, 10% or 0.1 quart is pure antifreeze (since 10% of 2 quarts is 0.2 quarts).

Let's denote the unknown amount of pure antifreeze to be added as "x" quarts. The final solution will have a total volume of 2 + x quarts. To achieve a 40% concentration, the amount of pure antifreeze in the final solution should be 40% of the total volume. Therefore, 40% of (2 + x) quarts should be pure antifreeze.

We can set up the equation:

0.1 + x = 0.4(2 + x)

Now we can solve for "x":

0.1 + x = 0.8 + 0.4x

0.6x = 0.7

x = 0.7/0.6

x ≈ 1.17

So, approximately 1.17 quarts of pure antifreeze should be added to the initial 2 quarts of a 10% antifreeze solution to obtain a 40% antifreeze solution.

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The half-life of a radioactive isotope is the amount of time it takes for half of the atoms in a sample to decay.

A radioactive isotope is an unstable form of an element that emits radiation as it decays. It is produced when a neutron is added to the nucleus of an atom, making it unstable and prone to radioactive decay. Radioactive isotopes are used in a variety of medical, scientific and industrial applications. In medicine, they are used to diagnose and treat diseases, while in industry they are used to detect flaws in materials. In scientific research, they are used to measure age and composition of materials.

Therefore, the half-life of this isotope is 12.75 years, since it takes 5.4 percent of the atoms in a sample to decay per year. This means that if we start with a sample of 100 atoms, after 12.75 years, only 50 atoms would remain in the sample. After 25.5 years, only 25 atoms would remain, and so on. This can be calculated by taking the natural log of 2 and dividing it by the decay rate of the isotope, which in this case is 5.4%.

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Answer:

Explanation:

See attachment

The correct matches are:

(i) Acid chlorides and esters experience primarily dipole-dipole interactions between their molecules.

(ii) 1º and 2º amides experience primarily hydrogen bonding between their molecules.

(iii) Acid chlorides, esters, and 3º amides have lower boiling points than other carboxylic acid derivatives of similar size and shape.

(iv) 1º and 2º amides have the highest boiling points among other carboxylic acid derivatives of similar size and shape.

i.

Acid chlorides and esters experience primarily dipole-dipole interactions between their molecules due to the presence of polar bonds within the molecules.

ii.

1º and 2º amides experience primarily hydrogen bonding between their molecules, as they contain the necessary hydrogen and oxygen or nitrogen atoms for hydrogen bonding.

iii.

Acid chlorides, esters, and 3º amides have lower boiling points than other carboxylic acid derivatives of similar size and shape. This is due to the absence of hydrogen bonding in these compounds, resulting in weaker intermolecular forces.

iv.

1º and 2º amides have the highest boiling points among other carboxylic acid derivatives of similar size and shape. This is because they can form extensive hydrogen bonding between their molecules, leading to stronger intermolecular forces and higher boiling points.

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Answer:

Atomic weight= 230.02891 g

Mass of one mole= 238.03 g/mol

Hope it helps you.

Answer:

Element: Uranium

Symbol: U

Atomic weight: 238 g

Mass of one mole: 238 g/mol

Explanation:

Hello! The calculations stated above are the answers to your question. They are taken directly from the periodic table, in addition to already having Avogadro's rule applied. Hope this helps!

Answer:

5.0kj

Explanation:

1mole of H2O —>40.66kj

1mole of H2O—>18g

18g of H2O—>40.66K

2.23g. —>?

2.23g×40.66kj=90.6718g/kj

90.6718g/kj÷18g

=5.0kj

To convert milliliters (mL) to liters (L), you need to divide the milliliter value by 1000, as there are 1000 milliliters in one liter.

Here's the formula for converting milliliters to liters:

Liters = Milliliters / 1000

For example, if you have 5000 milliliters, the conversion to liters would be:

Liters = 5000 mL / 1000 = 5 L

So, 5000 milliliters is equivalent to 5 liters.

Answer:

C. Glass

Explanation:

Amorphous solids have a non-crystalline structure and no order. In that case, Diamonds, Graphite, and Iron all have a crystalline structure and order. You are left with C as your answer.

The molar mass of the gas is 92.5 g/mol.

The molecular formula of the gas is CH₁Cl₃.

a) Use the ideal gas law to solve for the molar mass of the gas:

PV = nRT

P = 427 torr = 0.559 atm, V = 600 mL = 0.600 L, n = 1.430 g/M mol, R = 0.0821 L atm/mol K, and T=70°C = 343 K.

Plug these values into the equation and solve for M:

(0.559 atm)(0.600 L) = 1.430 g/M ⋅ (0.0821 L atm/mol K)(343 K)

M = (0.559 atm)(0.600 L)(0.0821 L atm/mol K)(343 K) / 1.430 g​ = 92.5 g/mol

b) Find the empirical formula by converting the percentages of each element into moles and then dividing each mole value by the smallest mole value.

The percentages of each element are:

Carbon: 10.1%

Hydrogen: 0.84%

Chlorine: 89.1%

The molar masses of each element are:

Carbon: 12.01 g/mol

Hydrogen: 1.008 g/mol

Chlorine: 35.45 g/mol

Convert the percentages of each element into moles by dividing the percentage by the molar mass of the element:

Carbon: 10.1%/12.01 g/mol = 0.84 mol

Hydrogen: 0.84%/1.008 g/mol = 0.83 mol

Chlorine: 89.1%/35.45 g/mol = 2.51 mol

Then divide each mole value by the smallest mole value, which is 0.83 mol:

Carbon: 0.84 mol/0.83 mol = 1

Hydrogen: 0.83 mol/0.83 mol = 1

Chlorine: 2.51 mol/0.83 mol = 3

The empirical formula is therefore CH₁Cl₃.

The molecular formula is a multiple of the empirical formula. We can find the molecular formula by multiplying the empirical formula by the molar mass of the gas and dividing by the molar mass of the empirical formula.

The molar mass of the gas is 92.5 g/mol. The molar mass of the empirical formula is 50.5 g/mol.

The molecular formula is therefore 1.83⋅(CH₁Cl₃)=CHCl₃

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Answer: Phosporus- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 2p3

Ruthenium- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d6

Barium- (Xe)6s2

Thorium- (Rn) 6d2 7s2

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Whenever something loses thermal energy, it contracts and becomes smaller.

Answer: it might be true

Explanation:

Answer:

Methane (CH4),Carbondioxide green house gases are carbon compounds

Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are two powerful greenhouse gases produced by the carbon cycle.

The chemical formula of the product when Na and S undergo a combination reaction is C. \(Na_{2}S\)

When sodium (Na) and sulfur (S) undergo a combination reaction, they can form sodium sulfide (\(Na_{2}S\)) as the product. The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:

2 Na + S → \(Na_{2}S\)

In this reaction, two atoms of sodium combine with one atom of sulfur to form one molecule of sodium sulfide. Sodium sulfide is an ionic compound that is commonly used in various industrial applications, such as in the production of dyes, paper, and rubber.

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Answer:

5.40 moles ( to 3 signif digits )

Explanation:

ONE mole is Avagadro's Number   6.022 x 10^23  atoms/mole

3.25 x 10^24 atoms / (6.022 x10^23 atoms/mole ) = 5.396 moles ~ 5.40 moles

Answer:

\(\boxed {\boxed {\sf 0.0014 \ mol \ Cu}}\)

Explanation:

We are asked to convert particles to moles.

1 mole of any substance contains the same number of particles (atoms, molecules, formula units). This is Avogadro's Number or 6.022*10²³.

In this problem, the particles are atoms of copper. So, 1 mole of copper contains 6.022*10²³ atoms of copper

Use Avogadro's Number to make a ratio.

\(\frac{ 1 \ mol \ Cu}{ 6.022*10^{23} \ atoms \ Cu}\)

We are trying to convert 8.3*10²⁰ atoms of copper to moles, so we multiply that value by the ratio.

\(8.3*10^{20} \ atoms \ Cu*\frac{ 1 \ mol \ Cu}{ 6.022*10^{23} \ atoms \ Cu}\)

The units of "atoms Cu" will cancel.

\(8.3*10^{20}\frac{ 1 \ mol \ Cu}{ 6.022*10^{23} }\)

Condense the expression into 1 fraction.

\(\frac{8.3 *10^{20}}{ 6.022*10^{23} } \ mol \ Cu\)

\(0.001378279641 \ mol \ Cu\)

The original measurement of atoms has 2 significant figures, so our answer must have the same. For the number we calculated that is the ten-thousandths place.

The 7 in the hundredth thousandth place tells us to round the 3 up to a 4.

\(0.0014 \ mol \ Cu\)

8.3*10²⁰ atoms of copper are equal to 0.0014 moles of copper.

In the beta oxidation pathway, the product of the enzyme acyl-coa synthetase when the starting fatty acid contains n carbons is, an acyl-CoA molecule.

The word "β-oxidation" refers to an oxidation that occurs in the fatty acid's -carbon when two carbon atoms are removed from the carboxyl end of the molecule at a time. By means of a process known as  beta oxidation, fatty acids with an even or odd number of carbon atoms as well as unsaturated fatty acids are oxidised.

The acyl-CoA molecule contains n-carbon fatty acid, which is covalently bound to Coenzyme A (CoA) through a thioester bond. The starting fatty acid is a saturated fatty acid containing n carbons, where n is an even number.

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The pH at the beginning of the titration is 5.03, and the pH at the equivalence point is 1.66.

Volume of pyridine solution (C5H5N) = 25.0 mL

Concentration of pyridine solution (C5H5N) = 0.240 M

Concentration of HBr solution = 0.240 M

pKa of pyridine (B of pyridine) = 1.7 × 10^(-9)

Step 1: Calculation at the beginning of the titration

The initial concentration of pyridine (C5H5N) is 0.240 M, and since pyridine is a weak base, we can use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to calculate the pH at the beginning of the titration:

pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])

pH = pKa + log([C5H5N]/[HBr])

pH = -log10(1.7 × 10^(-9)) + log10(0.240/0.240)

pH ≈ 5.03

Therefore, the pH at the beginning of the titration is approximately 5.03.

Step 2: Calculation at the equivalence point

At the equivalence point, the moles of HBr added will be equal to the moles of pyridine present initially.

Moles of pyridine (C5H5N) = Volume (in liters) × Concentration

Moles of pyridine = 25.0 mL × (0.240 mol/L) = 6.0 × 10^(-3) mol

Since the moles of HBr added is equal to the moles of pyridine, the concentration of HBr at the equivalence point will be:

Concentration of HBr at equivalence point = Moles of HBr / Volume (in liters)

Concentration of HBr = (6.0 × 10^(-3) mol) / (25.0 mL) = 0.240 M

At the equivalence point, the pyridine has been completely neutralized, and the resulting solution is a strong acid (HBr). The pH of a 0.240 M HBr solution can be directly calculated

pH = -log10(0.240)

pH ≈ 1.66

Therefore, the pH at the equivalence point is approximately 1.66.

The pH at the beginning of the titration is 5.03, and the pH at the equivalence point is 1.66.

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Answer:

i mzxd vsdfvdsfbdfdf

Explanation:

Answer:

i dont get it

Explanation:

Answer:

c. -1020.9 kJ

Explanation:

4Fe (s) + 3 O₂ (g) --> 2 Fe₂O₃(s)         ΔH  =  -826.0 kJ/mol.

atomic weight of iron = 56

69.03 g = 69.03 / 56

= 1.23268 moles

Heat released by 1.23268 moles

= 1.23268 x 826.0

= -1020.9 kJ .