The Earth's atmosphere consists of approximately 0.04% carbon dioxide (CO2), or 400 parts per million (ppm). The majority of this carbon dioxide exists in the form of stable carbon-12 isotope (12CO2), which is not radioactive. However, a small fraction of the total carbon dioxide is composed of the radioactive carbon-14 isotope (14CO2).
Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope of carbon that is formed in the atmosphere due to interactions between cosmic rays and nitrogen atoms. It is continually produced and naturally decays over time. The concentration of 14CO2 in the atmosphere is relatively low, with an approximate ratio of one 14CO2 molecule for every trillion carbon dioxide molecules.
This radioactive isotope is important in the field of radiocarbon dating, as it allows scientists to determine the age of organic materials by measuring the ratio of 14C to stable carbon isotopes. Organisms constantly exchange carbon dioxide with the atmosphere, and as a result, the concentration of 14CO2 in living organisms remains relatively stable. However, upon death, the intake of 14CO2 ceases, and the isotope decays at a known rate, enabling scientists to estimate the age of the organic material.
It's important to note that while the radioactive fraction of carbon dioxide is present in the atmosphere, its concentration is very low compared to the stable carbon dioxide. The majority of the carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere is non-radioactive and does not pose a significant radiation risk to humans or the environment.
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calculate the [h3o+] and ph of each polyprotic acid solution.
The H₃O⁺ is 0.380 M and the pH of this solution is 0.420.
To calculate the [H₃O⁺] (hydronium ion concentration) of a polyprotic acid solution, we need to consider the ionization steps of the acid.
H₃PO₄ is a polyprotic acid that ionizes in multiple steps:
H₃PO₄ ⇌ H⁺ + H₂PO₄⁻
H₂PO₄⁻ ⇌ H⁺ + HPO₄²⁻
HPO₄²- ⇌ H⁺ + PO₄³⁻
Since we are given the concentration of H₃PO₄, we can assume that it is fully ionized in the first step.
Therefore, the concentration of H⁺ from H₃PO₄ is equal to the concentration of H₃PO₄ itself.
[H₃O⁺] = [H⁺] = 0.380 M
So, the [H₃O⁺] is 0.380 M.
To calculate the pH of the solution, we can use the formula:
pH = -log[H₃O⁺]
pH = -log(0.380)
= -(-0.420)
= 0.420
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Calculate the [H3O+] of the following polyprotic acid solution: 0.380 M H3PO4. Express your answer using two significant figures. [H3O+] =
Calculate the pH of this solution. Express your answer using one decimal place. pH =
A child drops a ball from a bridge. The ball strikes the water under the bridge 2.0s later. What is the velocity of the ball when it hits the water
Answer:
20m/s
Explanation:
Given that :
Time, t = 2 seconds
Using the relation :
v = u + at
a = g is positive (downward)
V = final velocity
u = initial velocity = 0
v = u + gt
v = 0 + 10(2)
v = 20 m/s
What causes day and night?
Make sure you give a full, detailed answer, not just one sentence.
Answer:
The earth's rotation, earth is rotating, so one side of earth will be hit by the sun, and the other wont be hit, making it dark, but since earth rotates, it causes it to turn, making one side have daylight, and the other, darkness, which the light you see is from the sun's reflection on the moon
Hope this helps
consider a thin film of of soapy water (n = 1.33) on plexiglas. since light is a wave, there are many thicknesses of this film that will result in constructive interference.
When light passes through a thin film of soapy water (n = 1.33) on plexiglass, there are several thicknesses of this film that will result in constructive interference.
Due to the light being a wave, it can create a constructive or destructive interference pattern.The thickness of the thin film of soapy water can be calculated by using the equation 2nt = mλ where n is the refractive index of the medium, t is the thickness of the film, m is the order of interference, and λ is the wavelength of the incident light.
If the thickness of the film satisfies the above equation, the light waves will interfere constructively, resulting in a bright spot.
The order of interference determines the location of the bright spot and is indicated by an integer value (m = 0, 1, 2, 3...).
The reason why soapy water forms a thin film on plexiglass is due to the adhesion and cohesive forces between the two.
The thickness of the film can be controlled by changing the concentration of soap in water or the angle of incidence of the light.
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Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCL) solution is available with _____ available chlorine.
a.) 2 to 5%
b.) 5 to 20%
c.) 25 to 50%
d.) 50 to 70%
Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCL) solution is available with 5 to 20% available chlorine. The correct answer is option b.
Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCL) solution is a commonly used disinfectant in various industries, including healthcare, food processing, and water treatment. The available chlorine concentration in the solution is an important parameter that determines its efficacy as a disinfectant. The answer to the question is (b) 5 to 20% available chlorine.
Sodium hypochlorite solutions with lower available chlorine concentrations (2 to 5%) are typically used for household cleaning and disinfection, while solutions with higher concentrations (50 to 70%) are used for industrial applications, such as water treatment. Solutions with 5 to 20% available chlorine are commonly used for disinfection in healthcare settings, such as hospitals and clinics.
It is important to note that the concentration of sodium hypochlorite solutions can vary between different brands and products. It is crucial to follow the manufacturer's instructions for dilution and use to ensure proper disinfection and safety. Also, it is important to handle sodium hypochlorite solutions with caution, as they can be corrosive and harmful to skin and eyes.
Therefore, option b is correct.
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Reactants capable of interacting to form products in a chemical reaction must first overcome a thermodynamic barrier know as the reaction's __________________.
Given R = 0.0821L⋅atm/mol⋅K, what is the volume of a mole of gas at a pressure of 2.5 atm and a temperature of 250K?
The volume of the gas is obtained as 8.2 L
What is the volume of the gas?
We know that we can be able to obtain the volume of the gas by the use of the process that can be identified with the ideal gas equation. In the ideal gas equation, we know that we can be able to see the relationship between the pressure, volume, temperature and number of moles of the gas.
Now we have to state out the parameters that have to do with the gas and we have the following;
Volume of the gas V = ?
Temperature of the gas T = 250 K
Gas constant R = 0.0821L⋅atm/mol⋅K,
Pressure of the gas P = 2.5 atm
We then have the formula for the ideal gas as;
PV = nRT
P = pressure
V = volume
R = constant
at = Temperature
Then we have;
V = nRT/P
V = 1 * 0.082 * 250/2.5
V = 8.2 L
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Cite 2 reasons Democritus’ ideas about the atom were NOT accepted
The two reasons Democritus’ ideas about the atom were NOT accepted are atoms are indestructible and they move in infinite space.
What is atom?
An atom is the smallest unit of ordinary matter that forms a chemical element.
Democritus’ ideas about atomDemocritus believed that atoms were uniform, solid, hard, incompressible, and indestructible and that they moved in infinite numbers through empty space until stopped.
Differences in atomic shape and size determined the various properties of matter.
Thus, the two reasons Democritus’ ideas about the atom were NOT accepted are atoms are indestructible and they move in infinite space.
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Please help me out if your good at science:)ill mark brainliest if correct
A. It helps people stay in touch with friends who live far away.
B. It helps track objects in motion.
C. It helps see microscopic cells at work.
D. It helps diagnose health problems.
Please answer quickly
Which of the following might be found along a divergent
A. mountains
B. rift valleys
Answer:
b rift valleysExplanation:
rift valleys are created when two tectonic plates diverge or move away from each other
mountians are created when two tectonic plates converge or move towards each other therefore the answer is rift valley
Can someone help me with this one :")
Answer:
i think is probably A
Explanation:
because at constant temperature, the product of the pressure and volume of a given mass of and ideal gass in a closed system is always constant
Answer:
I believe the answer is A or D
Explanation:
I hope this helps you out!
how do Newton's laws of motion describe when and how objects move?
A 100g of sample of a compound is combusted in excess oxygen and the products are 2.492g of CO2 and 0.6495 of H2O. Determine the empirical formula of the compound?
The empirical formula : C₁₁O₁₄O₃
Further explanationThe assumption of the compound consists of C, H, and O
mass of C in CO₂ =
\(\tt \dfrac{12}{44}\times 2.492=0.680~g\)
mass of H in H₂O =
\(\tt \dfrac{2.1}{18}\times 0.6495=0.072~g\)
mass of O :
mass sample-(mass C + mass H)
\(\tt 1-(0.68+0.072)=0.248`g\)
mol of C :
\(\tt \dfrac{0.68}{12}=0.056\)
mol of H :
\(\tt \dfrac{0.072}{1}=0.072\)
mol of O :
\(\tt \dfrac{0.248}{16}=0.0155\)
divide by 0.0155(the lowest ratio)
C : H : O ⇒
\(\tt \dfrac{0.056}{0.0155}\div \dfrac{0.072}{0.0155}\div \dfrac{0.0155}{0.0155}=3.6\div 4.6\div 1\\\\\dfrac{11}{3}\div \dfrac{14}{3}\div \dfrac{3}{3}=11:14:3\)
when density is measured, a. a graduated cylinder is always used. b. the units are always kg/m3 . c. the temperature should be specified. d. the material must be a pure substance.
When the density is measure , the correct is c. the temperature should be specified.
The density is the ratio between the mass in the kg and the volume in the m³. The density of the graduated cylinder should be measure in the specified temperature. The expression for the density is expressed as follows :
The density = mass / volume
The density of the substance is measurement of the mass per unit the volume. The SI unit of the density is kg/m³, or we use g/cm³ for the solids, g/ml for the liquids, and the g/L for gases.
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Determine the energy of a photon whose frequency is 5.94 x 10^17 Hz. Answer in units of J
The energy of a photon whose frequency is 5.94 × 10¹⁷ Hz is 3.94 × 10-¹⁶J.
How to calculate energy?The energy of a photon wave can be calculated by using the following formula:
E = hf
Where;
E = energy (joules)h = Planck's constant (6.626 × 10-³⁴J/s)f = frequencyAccording to this question, a photon has a frequency of 5.94 x 10¹⁷ Hz. The energy can be calculated as follows:
E = 6.626 × 10-³⁴J/s × 5.94 x 10¹⁷ Hz
E = 3.94 × 10-¹⁶J
Therefore, 3.94 × 10-¹⁶J is the energy of the photon.
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The volume of container 2 i 27. 32 L. How many mole of the ga are in container 2?
The number of moles in container 2 is 33.3moles when the container has 27.32L of gas inside it
The number of moles of gas in container 2 can be calculated using the Ideal Gas Law:
n = PV/RT
where n is the number of moles of the gas with known volume,
P is the pressure (assumed to be 1 atm for ideal gases),
V is the volume (27.32 liters),
R is the ideal gas constant (0.0821 L·atm/mol·K) and
T is the temperature (assumed to be 273.15 K).
Plugging in the values, we get:
n = (1 atm)(27.32 L)/(0.0821 L·atm/mol·K)(273.15 K)
n = 33.3 mol
Therefore, there are 33.3 moles of gas in container 2.
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How many moles of H3PO4 are contained in 150.0 mL of 18.1 M H3PO4?
Answer:
Number of moles = 2.72 mol
Explanation:
Given data:
Number of moles of H₃PO₄ present = ?
Molarity of solution = 18.1 M
Volume of solution = 150.0 mL (150/1000 = 0.15 L)
Solution:
Molarity is used to describe the concentration of solution. It tells how many moles are dissolve in per litter of solution.
Formula:
Molarity = number of moles of solute / L of solution
By putting values,
18.1 M = number of moles / 0.15 L
Number of miles = 18.1 M × 0.15 L
Number of moles = 2.72 mol
Teniendo en cuenta la siguiente reacción quimica: Mn (NO3)2 + NaBiO; + HNO, HMnO₂+ Bi (NO3)3 + NaNO3 + H₂O ¿Cuánto Bi (NO₂), se obtiene a partir de 650 g de Mn (NO₂)2 y 700 g de NaBiO, si la eficiencia del proceso es de un 80%?
Answer:
La masa de Bi (NO₃) ₃ producida es de aproximadamente 2.117,09 gramos
Explanation:
La ecuación química de la reacción se presenta como sigue;
2Mn (NO₃) ₂ + 5NaBiO₃ + 14HNO₃ → 2HMnO₄ + 5Bi (NO₃) ₃ + 5NaNO₃ + 7H₂O
La masa dada de Mn (NO₃) ₂ = 650 g
La masa de NaBiO₃ = 750 g
El número de moles de Mn (NO₃) ₂ = 650 g / (178.95 g / mol) ≈ 3.63 moles
El número de moles de NaBiO₃ = 750 g / (279.968 g / mol) ≈ 2.68 moles
Por lo tanto, el NaBiO₃, es el reactivo limitante, y el rendimiento teórico de Bi (NO₃) ₃ ≈ 5/2 × 2.68 = 6.7 moles
Dado que la eficiencia del proceso es del 80%, el rendimiento real de Bi (NO₃) ₃ = 0,8 × 6,7 moles = 5,36 moles de Bi (NO₃) ₃
La masa molar de Bi (NO₃) ₃ ≈ 394,98 g / mol
La masa de Bi (NO₃) ₃ = 394,98 g / mol × 5,36 moles ≈ 2,117,09 g
La masa de Bi (NO₃) ₃ produjo ≈ 2,117.09 g
1. Which word has the same phoneme as grew, rude, and truth?
A. thumb
B. sure
C. look
D. scoot
Answer:
B-Sorry if this isn't right :/ Good luck.
Explanation:
Answer:
D. Scoot
Explanation:
Grew, Rude and truth all have the sound /OO/ scoot follows that pattern.
which example has particles that can be drawn closer to occupy smaller volume
One example of particles that can be drawn closer to occupy a smaller volume is a gas.
Understanding Gaseous StateIn the gaseous state, particles have high kinetic energy and are not strongly attracted to each other. They move freely and randomly, colliding with each other and the container walls.
Since there are minimal intermolecular forces holding them together, gas particles can be compressed or drawn closer together by reducing the volume of the container.
By decreasing the volume of a gas, such as by compressing it in a cylinder or container, the particles have less space to move around. They collide with each other more frequently, increasing the frequency of intermolecular collisions. As a result, the gas particles are drawn closer together, and the overall volume occupied by the gas decreases.
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Does fertilizer make a plant grow bigger?mention two variables. How change of one variable effects another one in investigation?
Trick question
Science
In scientific investigations, the effect of fertilizer on plant growth can be studied by examining various variables. Two key variables in this context are the presence or absence of fertilizer (independent variable) and the size or growth of the plant (dependent variable).
When investigating the effect of fertilizer on plant growth, the independent variable is the presence or absence of fertilizer. This variable is controlled by having two groups of plants: one group receiving fertilizer (experimental group) and another group without fertilizer (control group). By comparing the growth of these two groups, we can determine the impact of fertilizer on plant size.
The dependent variable, on the other hand, is the size or growth of the plant. This variable is measured or observed as the outcome of interest. In this case, it would be the height, weight, or overall size of the plants.
By systematically changing the independent variable (presence or absence of fertilizer), we can observe how it affects the dependent variable (plant growth). The experimental group receiving fertilizer is expected to show greater plant growth compared to the control group without fertilizer. This allows us to draw conclusions about the effect of fertilizer on plant growth.
However, it is important to note that the specific outcome may vary depending on other factors such as plant species, soil conditions, and environmental factors. Conducting a controlled experiment while considering these factors helps in obtaining more reliable results.
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CHEMISTRY
OXIDATION NUMBERS
please help me solve only 3 of those oxidation numbers
NO2
Cr2O72-
KCl
NH3
CaH2
SO42-
Na2O2
SiO2
CaCl2
Answer:
NO2=Nitrogen dioxide
KCL=potassium chloride
NH3=Ammonia
How many Joules are required to raise the temperature of 50g of water from 20 to 100 degrees celsius?
Pls Help!!!!!
Q = mcΔt
Q = 50 g x 4.184 J/g°c (100 - 20)°C
Q = 16736 J
Answer:
Q = mcΔt
Explanation:
Specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 J °C g
Mass of water = 50g
Δt = 100 - 20 = 80°C
Q = (50) x (4.18) x (80)
Q = 16720 J is required to raise the temperature of the water
one mole of CO2, is equal to how many molecules
Answer: 1 mole carbon dioxide contains 6.02 x 1023 molecules.
Hope this helps!
2C2H6: How many atoms for each element are in the formula? C= H=
Answer:
C=4 H=12
Explanation:
the 2 in front of the equation tells how many atoms there are the C2 and H6 tells you how much is in each atom, multiply to get the total
The letter for element Q stands for "qualium." What would the compound in 1a be called?
(1 A)
Answer:
ooooooooooo0000000000000
I need some help
3KOH + FeCl3 → Fe(OH)3 + 3KCl
How many moles of FeCl3 are needed to completely react with 3.0 g of KOH?
Answer:
0.0178
Explanation:
because you can work out the amount of moles in KOH using moles = mass/mr.
The mr of the KOH is 39.1+16+1=56.1 so you do
\( \frac{3}{56.1} \)
which equals to 0.053475 so u 3SF which is 0.0535moles
than u uses the molar ratio which is 3 to 1
so 0.0535÷3=0.0178 which is the moles of FeCl3.
hope this make sense:)
A 4.80g piece of magnesium displaces 2.76 mL of water when it is placed in a graduated cylinder. What is the density of magnesium?
Answer:
6
What do AIA, SAG, AFP and AMA all stand for? Select four options.
American Institute of Architects
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
American Medical Association
Screen Actors Guild
Association for Finance Professionals
Professional Colleges
What is an element that is crucial building block of DNA?
What is the element that makes up approximately 50% of bones mass?
What is the radioactive heavy metal, often considered as the most dangerous element?
What property does noble gases share?
1. Adenine, cytosine, guanine, or thymine.
2. Calcium
3. They are many different radioactive heavy metals, but the most dangerous elements is arguably Polonium.
4. They are all odorless, colorless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity.