The chart below describes the molecular motion in solids, liquids, gases, and plasma.
Solids Liquids Gases Plasma
slower than liquids, slower than solids but faster than solids faster than solids,
gases, and plasma faster than gases and but slower than liquids and gases
plasma plasma
The information in the chart about molecular motion is incorrect for:______
1. solids
2. liquids
3. gases
4. plasma

The various kinds of solids are; atomic, molecular, covalent network, ionic and metallic solids

Particles involved, forces of attraction, electrical conductivity, and conditions necessary for formation for different types of solids are summarized below:

Atomic solids:

Particles involved: Atoms of a single element.

Forces of attraction: Weak dispersion forces or London forces.

Electrical conductivity: Poor electrical conductivity, as there are no free electrons to carry charge.

Conditions necessary for formation: Solidification of a noble gas or a non-reactive element such as diamond.

Molecular solids:

Particles involved: Molecules.

Forces of attraction: Intermolecular forces, such as hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, or London forces.

Electrical conductivity: Poor electrical conductivity, as there are no free electrons to carry charge.

Conditions necessary for formation: Solidification of a molecular compound, such as ice or sugar.

Covalent network solids:

Particles involved: Atoms of the same element covalently bonded in a network.

Forces of attraction: Strong covalent bonds throughout the network.

Electrical conductivity: Poor electrical conductivity, as there are no free electrons to carry charge.

Conditions necessary for formation: Solidification of a non-metal, such as diamond or quartz.

Ionic solids:

Particles involved: Cations and anions held together by electrostatic forces.

Forces of attraction: Strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions.

Electrical conductivity: Good electrical conductivity when molten or dissolved in water, as ions are free to move and carry charge.

Conditions necessary for formation: Solidification of an ionic compound, such as sodium chloride or magnesium oxide.

Metallic solids:

Particles involved: Metal atoms held together by metallic bonding.

Forces of attraction: Strong metallic bonds between atoms and a sea of delocalized electrons.

Electrical conductivity: Good electrical conductivity due to the presence of free electrons that can move and carry charge.

Conditions necessary for formation: Solidification of a metal, such as copper or iron.

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Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

PO4{3-} is phosphate
Sulfite's formula is SO3{2-}
Sulfate is SO4{2-}
OH- is hydroxide
Note: {x±} signifies the charge of the entire molecule

The polyatomic ions in question are phosphite ion, sulfite ion, and sulfate ion.

The formula PO3−4 represents the polyatomic ion called phosphite ion. It is composed of one phosphorus atom bonded to three oxygen atoms. The name of the sulfite ion is SO3−2, and it consists of one sulfur atom bonded to three oxygen atoms. Lastly, the sulfate ion has the formula SO4−2, and it is composed of one sulfur atom bonded to four oxygen atoms.

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Answer:

after 45 days 9 g left

Explanation:

Given data:

Half life Na-24 = 15 days

Mass of sample = 72 g

Mass remain after 45 days = ?

Solution:

Number of half lives passed:

Number of half lives = time elapsed / half life

Number of half lives = 45 days / 15 days

Number of half lives = 3

At time zero total amount = 72 g

After first half life = 72 g/ 2= 36 g

At 2nd half life = 36 g/2 = 18 g

At 3rd half life = 18 g/2 = 9 g

Thus after 45 days 9 g left.

Answer:

Standard reduction potential is an intensive property---- True

Reduction takes place at the anode ----- False

The half reaction with the lower standard reduction potential will be at the cathode in a galvanic cell ------false

The half reaction with the higher standard reduction potential will be at the cathode in a galvanic cell  ------  True

Explanation:

An intensive property is a property of a substance which is inherent in it and part of its nature. It does not depend on the amount of substance present in the substance. Standard reduction potential is an intensive property.

In a galvanic cell, oxidation takes place at the anode and reduction takes place at the cathode. At the anode, the electrode potential is more negative (an oxidation) while at the cathode the reduction potential is less negative (a reduction).

Reduction potential is an intensive property of cell, reduction takes place at cathode of galvanic cell, the half reaction with the lower standard reduction potential will be at the anode in a galvanic cell and half reaction with the higher standard reduction potential will be at the cathode in a galvanic cell.

Galvanic cell is also known as voltaic cell, and in this cell electric current is originated from spontaneous redox reaction.

In the galvanic cell, anode is a negatively charged electrode in which oxidation process takes place and value of electrode potential is more negative. Cathode is a positively charged electrode in which reduction process takes place and electrode potential is less negative. And intensive property is not depends on the amount of substance.

Hence, correct statements are true, false, false and true.

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Answer:

d

Explanation:

Answer:C is the answer

Explanation:

Taking into account the definition of Avogadro's Number, 1.355×10²⁴ atoms of Li in 2.25 moles

Avogadro's number refers to the number of elementary entities (ie, atoms, electrons, ions, molecules) that exist in one mole of any substance. That is, it is the number of particles in 1 mole of any substance (The mole is the unit of the International System of Units that allows to express a quantity of substance and one mole is equal to the number of atoms in twelve grams of pure carbon-12.)

The known approximate value of Avogadro's number is 6.023×10²³ particles per mole.

It can be applied the following rule of three: considering the definition of Avogadro's number if 1 mole of Li contains 6.023×10²³ atoms, 2.25 moles of Li contains how many atoms?

amount of atoms of Li= (2.25 moles × 6.023×10²³ atoms)÷ 1 mole

amount of atoms of Li= 1.355×10²⁴ atoms

Finally, there are 1.355×10²⁴ atoms of Li.

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Answer:

Double Covalent

Explanation:

When two of the same element combine it will always be a covalent bond between them and since sulfur has two lone electrons it will make a double bond between the two to have a full octect

In order to find molarity, the moles of citric acid must be given. Since there was no equation given, I cannot help you find the answer for a 2 liter solution since the base molarity or moles used is not provided. However, I will post an example of how to find the answer you're looking for. You will need to use the following equation to find your definite answer:

(molarity of concentrated)(volume of concentrated)=(molarity of diluted)(volume of diluted)

Explanation:

Some key points about the equation given:
- volume will always be in liters

- concentrated would be the original molarity and volume of citric acid that was given. If no volume was given, you were most likely given moles. In this case to find volume use the following equation: molarity = (moles/volume) where volume will be the variable you're solving for which will turn into the next equation of: (moles/molarity) = volume

- volume of diluted will be 2

view the following attachment for an example

The mass of hydrogen needed to produce 51.0 grams of ammonia is  ≈ 9.07 grams.

To determine the mass of hydrogen required to produce 51.0 grams of ammonia (NH3) using the Haber process, we need to calculate the stoichiometric ratio between hydrogen and ammonia.

From the balanced chemical equation:

3 H₂(g) + N₂(g) → 2 NH₃(g)

We can see that for every 3 moles of hydrogen (H₂), we obtain 2 moles of ammonia (NH₃).

First, we need to convert the given mass of ammonia (51.0 grams) to moles. The molar mass of NH₃ is 17.03 g/mol.

Number of moles of NH₃ = Mass / Molar mass

                     = 51.0 g / 17.03 g/mol

                     ≈ 2.995 moles

Next, using the stoichiometric ratio, we can calculate the moles of hydrogen required.

Moles of H₂ = (Moles of NH₃ × Coefficient of H₂) / Coefficient of NH₃

           = (2.995 moles × 3) / 2

           ≈ 4.493 moles

Finally, we can convert the moles of hydrogen to mass using the molar mass of hydrogen (2.02 g/mol).

Mass of H₂ = Moles × Molar mass

          = 4.493 moles × 2.02 g/mol

          ≈ 9.07 grams

Therefore, approximately 9.07 grams of hydrogen is needed to produce 51.0 grams of ammonia in the Haber process.

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Answer:

If there are more products than reactants, that means the reaction has shifted towards the left, which is the backward direction. If there are more reactants than products, that means the reaction has shifted towards the right, which is the forward direction.

Answer:

there is your answer hope it helped :3

Answer:

A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition and properties that are constant throughout the sample. Mixtures are physical combinations of two or more elements and/or compounds.

The gas that is expected to have the highest speed when compared with the other gases is hydrogen gas. That is option D.

Speed is defined as the scalar quantity that describes how fast an object moves without taking into consideration it's direction of movement.

According to the kinetic theory of gases, the speed of gass molecules is proportional to the temperature and is inversely proportional to molar mass of the gas.

That is to say that the lighter the mass of a gas, the faster it's molecules interacts with each other.

From the given question, the hydrogen gas has a less molecular weight than other listed gases such as the oxygen, nitrogen and Fluorine gases.

Hydrogen gas has a molecular weight of 1.00784u which is less than the other given gases making it's molecules to move faster than other.

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Answer:

Percent yield = 66.7%

Explanation:

Percent yield is a way to determine the efficiency of a reaction. Is widely used in organic chemistry. The formula is:

Percent yield = Actual yield / Theoretical yield * 100

In the problem, the actual yield obtained was 60g and theoretical yield is 90g. Replacing:

Percent yield = 60g / 90g * 100

The amount of energy needed to heat 500 g of ice at  0⁰C to 60⁰C is 292,400 J. Option C.

In order to calculate the energy required to heat the ice, we need to consider two stages: first, we need to calculate the energy required to melt the ice, and second, we need to calculate the energy required to heat the resulting liquid water to 60°C.

To melt the ice, we need to supply energy equal to the heat of fusion of ice. The heat of fusion of ice is 334 J/g. Therefore, the energy required to melt 500 g of ice is:

Q1 = (334 J/g) x (500 g) = 167,000 J

Once the ice is melted, we need to heat the resulting liquid water to 60°C. The specific heat capacity of water is 4.184 J/(g°C). Therefore, the energy required to heat 500 g of water from 0°C to 60°C is:

Q2 = (4.184 J/(g°C)) x (500 g) x (60°C - 0°C) = 125,520 J

The total energy required to melt the ice and heat the resulting liquid water to 60°C is the sum of Q1 and Q2:

Q = Q1 + Q2 = 167,000 J + 125,520 J = 292,520 J

Thus, the amount of energy needed to heat 500 g of ice at  0⁰C to 60⁰C is 292,400 J.

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Answer:

0.00744 g/ml

Explanation:

7.44/1000

Answer:

Theory

Explanation:

We are given the statement;

"A helium filled balloon floats."

Now, this statement is an attempt to explain to us why balloons float. And the reason is because they are filled with helium. This is no prediction or law or observation because to find out if the balloons contain helium, there must have been experiments to confirm that.

Thus, the statement in the question is a theory.

Answer:

The given substance is cast iron.

Explanation:

Given data:

Mass of substance = 50 g

Heat absorbed = 23000 J

Initial temperature = 250°C

Final temperature = 1250°C

Which metal is this = ?

Solution:

Specific heat capacity:

It is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of substance by one degree.

Formula:

Q = m.c. ΔT

Q = amount of heat absorbed or released

m = mass of given substance

c = specific heat capacity of substance

ΔT = change in temperature

ΔT = 1250°C -  250°C

ΔT = 1000°C

23000 j = 50 g ×c ×1000 °C

23000 J = 50,000 g. °C×c

c = 23000 J /50,000 g. °C

c = 0.46 J/g.°C

The given substance is cast iron.

Answer:

I'm pretty sure this is a question about your opinion so there is no wrong answer! Just think about the question and if you were in those shoes. There is no right or wrong answer! :)

Explanation:

The electrons that are being lost gained or shared by each atom are Shared electrons.

Atoms and chemical species lose and gain electrons as they react to gain stability. Therefore, metals usually donate electrons to nonmetals to form cations. The number of electrons depends on their position on the periodic table. When an atom gains an electron, its overall charge becomes negative.

When an atom loses an electron its overall charge becomes positive. When an atom gains or loses electrons, its mass does not change. The number of electrons an atom can lose and gain share during a chemical reaction is called its valence. An atom that loses an electron gains a positive charge because it has fewer negatively charged electrons to balance the positive charge of the protons in the nucleus.

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By a redox reaction that involves the transfer of electrons, often through the dissolution of an ionic substance, electrochemical cells produce electricity from the flow of electrons.

In electrochemistry, redox or oxidation-reduction reactions, in which electrons travel from one element to another, can produce electricity. Redox processes involve the transfer of electrons from one substance to another.

Batteries use a very significant class of oxidation and reduction reactions to produce useable electrical energy. Using solutions of respective sulphates, copper and zinc metals can be combined to create a straightforward electrochemical cell.

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The standard reduction potential of the Cr³+/Cr electrode is -0.46V. None of the option is correct.

To determine the standard reduction potential of the Cr³+/Cr electrode, we can use the Nernst equation, which relates the standard reduction potential to the cell potential under non-standard conditions. The Nernst equation is given by:

E = E° - (0.0592/n) * log(Q)

where E is the cell potential, E° is the standard reduction potential, n is the number of electrons transferred in the half-reaction, and Q is the reaction quotient.

In this case, we have the standard potential of the cell as −0.60V. We know that the standard reduction potential of the Sn/Sn²+ electrode is -0.14V. Therefore, the reduction potential of the Cr³+/Cr electrode can be calculated as:

E = -0.60V - (-0.14V)

E = -0.60V + 0.14V

E = -0.46V

Therefore, the standard reduction potential of the Cr³+/Cr electrode is -0.46V.

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Answer:

According to the valence bond theory, the chemical bond is defined as the interaction of half-filled. atomic or hybrid orbitals.

Answer:

According to the valence bond theory, the chemical bond is defined as the interaction of half-filled atomic or hybrid orbitals

Explanation:

Given the model from the question,

From the model given, we obtained the ffolowing

Thus, we can write the balanced equation as follow:

3H₂ + 2NO —> N₂ + 2H₂O + H₂

From the balanced equation above,

3H₂ + 2NO —> N₂ + 2H₂O + H₂

From the balanced equation above,

3 moles of H₂ reacted with 2 moles of NO.

Therefore,

5 moles of H₂ will react with = (5 × 2) / 3 = 3.33 moles of NO

From the calculation made above, we can see that only 3.33 moles of NO out of 4 moles given are required to react completely with 5 moles of H₂.

Thus, H₂ is the limiting reactant

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Based on the given reactions, the compounds are as follows:

A: The specific product formed from the reaction between prop-1-yne and either 2HBr or H2O2.

B: The product formed when compound A reacts with 2H2O.

C: The product formed when compound B reacts with K2CO3(aq).

D: The product formed from the heat-induced reaction of compound C.

E: The product formed when compound D reacts with HBr.

Based on the given reactions, let's analyze the compounds involved:

Reaction 1: prop-1-yne + 2HBr/H2O2 = A

The reactant prop-1-yne reacts with either 2HBr or H2O2 to form compound A. The specific product formed will depend on the reaction conditions.

Reaction 2: A + 2H2O = B

Compound A reacts with 2H2O (water) to form compound B.

Reaction 3: B + K2CO3(aq) = C

Compound B reacts with K2CO3(aq) (potassium carbonate dissolved in water) to form compound C.

Reaction 4: C + heat = D

Compound C undergoes a heat-induced reaction to form compound D.

Reaction 5: D + HBr = E

Compound D reacts with HBr (hydrobromic acid) to form compound E.

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