Suppose the government wants to reduce the total pollution emitted by three local firms. Currently, each firm is creating 4 units of pollution in the area, for a total of 12 pollution units. If the government wants to reduce total pollution in the area to 6 units, it can choose between the following two methods:
Available Methods to Reduce Pollution
1. The government sets pollution standards using regulation.
2. The government allocates tradable pollution permits.
Each firm faces different costs, so reducing pollution is more difficult for some firms than others. The following table shows the cost each firm faces to eliminate each unit of pollution. For each firm, assume that the cost of reducing pollution to zero (that is, eliminating all 4 units of pollution) is prohibitively expensive.
Firm X 80 130 210
Firm Y 75 90 130
Firm Z 550 700 1,075
Now, imagine that two government employees proposed alternative plans for reducing pollution by 6 units.
Method 1: Regulation
The first government employee suggests to limit pollution through regulation. To meet the pollution goal, the government requires each firm to reduce its pollution by 2 units.
Complete the following table with the total cost to each firm of reducing its pollution by 2 units.
Firm Total Cost of Eliminating Two Units of Pollution (Dollars)
Firm X
Firm Y
Firm Z
Meanwhile, the other employee proposes using a different strategy to achieve the government's goal of reducing pollution in the area from 12 units to 6 units. This employee suggests that the government issue two pollution permits to each firm. For each permit a firm has in its possession, it can emit 1 unit of pollution. Firms are free to trade pollution permits with one another (that is, buy and sell them) as long as both firms can agree on a price. For example, if firm X agrees to sell a permit to firm Y at an agreed-upon price, then firm Y would end up with three permits and would need to reduce its pollution by only 1 unit while firm X would end up with only one permit and would have to reduce its pollution by 3 units. Assume the negotiation and exchange of permits are costless. Because firm Y has high pollution-reduction costs, it thinks it might be better off buying a permit from firm Z and a permit from firm X so that it doesn't have to reduce its own pollution emissions. What prices is firm Z willing to sell one of its permits to firm Y, but firm X is not?
Answers
The total cost of eliminating six units of pollution under the regulation method is $1,850, while the total cost under the tradable permits method is $1,240.
The two proposed methods for reducing pollution have different implications for the firms involved. Under regulation, each firm is required to reduce its pollution by a set amount, which may be difficult or costly for some firms. Under the tradable pollution permits system, firms can choose to either reduce their own pollution or buy permits from other firms, depending on the relative costs involved.
The tradable permits method is less expensive than the regulation method for achieving the goal of reducing six units of pollution. This is because the tradable permits system creates an incentive for firms with lower pollution reduction costs to reduce their pollution and sell their permits to firms with higher costs, which can result in a more efficient allocation of resources. In this case, you can conclude that regulating each firm to eliminate a certain amount of pollution is (more) expensive to society than allocating pollution permits that can be bought and sold.
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Related Questions
When you put a check you received in the bank, you have immediate access to the money.
True or False.
Answers
Answer:
this is true hope this helps
Explanation:
in a responsibility accounting environment, upper managers evaluate the performance of the unit managers based
Answers
In a responsibility accounting environment, upper managers evaluate the performance of the unit managers based on the unit's specific goals, objectives, and responsibilities.
Each unit is responsible for specific activities or functions, and the unit managers are held accountable for the unit's performance. Upper managers use various performance measures, such as financial metrics, operational indicators, and nonfinancial measures, to evaluate unit managers' performance. These performance measures are tailored to the specific unit's objectives and reflect the unit's contribution to the overall organizational performance. By using a responsibility accounting system, upper management can effectively delegate responsibility, monitor performance, and encourage accountability. Unit managers are empowered to make decisions that impact their unit's performance, and upper management can focus on evaluating and improving overall organizational performance. Additionally, responsibility accounting helps identify areas of strength and weakness in the organization, allowing management to take appropriate action to address any issues.
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Differentiation Select one: (a) helps a firm get a competitive advantage if it just meets needs in the same way as other firms. (b) means that the marketing mix is similar to what is available from a competitor. (c) often requires that the firm fine-tune all of the elements of its marketing mix to the specific needs of a distinctive target market. (d) is less obvious to target customers when there is a consistent theme integrated across the four Ps decision areas. (e) can only be based on one important element of the marketing mix.
Answers
Answer:
c) often requires that the firm fine-tune all of the elements of its marketing mix to the specific needs of a distinctive target market
Explanation:
Differentiation is defined as the process by which firms make their products distinct from other competitor's products.
Differentiation is aimed at making a firm's product more attractive to the customer than others in the market.
It involves fine-tuning all of the elements of its marketing mix (price, product, place, promotion) to the specific needs of a distinctive target market.
This makes the product unique and differentiated from others.
Banks do not hold a lot of their assets in the form of cash mainly because of:
a. regulation.
b. the fear of being robbed.
c. the opportunity cost of holding cash, cash does not earn interest.
d. it can encourage employee theft.
Answers
Banks do not hold a lot of their assets in the form of cash mainly because of the opportunity cost of holding cash, cash does not earn interest. The correct option is C.
Opportunity costs are the possible advantages that a person, investor, or company forgoes while deciding between two options. It is necessary to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of each choice offered in order to correctly assess opportunity costs.
The interest that could have been made if the cash had been used to buy bonds instead is the opportunity cost of keeping any money balance.
Therefore, due to the opportunity cost of holding cash and cash does not earn interest banks does nor prefer to hold a lot of their assets in the form of cash .
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Why does the US import oil?
A.because it has exported too much oil
B.because it does not produce any oil
C.because it does not produce enough oil
D.because it has exported too little oil
Answers
Answer:
C. because it does not produce enough oil.
Explanation:
Although, the United States is one of the leading producers of oil, yet still import oil because it does not produce enough oil to meet the demand of its citizens. In other words, the United States consumes more than what she can produce.
Another reason is that most refineries in the United State are created basically for heavy crude whereas most of what she produce are light crude oil. The United States import the oil she is able to process while she export to other countries to complete the setup process.
The remedy to the above situation is when new refineries are built which are somewhat expensive or the existing refineries are upgraded to meet with the demand.
Answer:
D. Because it does not produce enough oil.
edg 2020.
Describe in detail the five different generic strategies, what core competencies a company needs to be successful with each and in what situation is each conducive to success.
Answers
The five different generic strategies are cost leadership, differentiation, focused cost leadership, focused differentiation, and integrated cost leadership/differentiation.
Cost leadership requires operational efficiency, economies of scale, and tight cost control to offer products at lower prices. Differentiation demands innovation, brand image, and unique features to offer superior products or services. Focused cost leadership targets a niche market with low-cost advantage. Focused differentiation focuses on a specific market segment with unique offerings. Integrated cost leadership/differentiation combines elements of both cost leadership and differentiation strategies. Each strategy is conducive to success based on market conditions and competitive dynamics.
In cost leadership, a company achieves success by excelling in operational efficiency, economies of scale, and cost control, allowing them to offer products or services at lower prices than competitors. This strategy is suitable in markets where customers are price-sensitive, competition is intense, and cost advantage is critical.
Differentiation requires core competencies such as innovation, unique technology, strong brand image, and product/service differentiation. A company successful in differentiation strategy offers distinctive features, superior quality, or excellent customer service, which allows them to command premium prices. This strategy is beneficial in markets where customers value unique offerings and are willing to pay extra for them.
Focused cost leadership involves targeting a specific niche market and achieving cost advantage within that segment. Core competencies required for success include understanding the specific needs of the target market, cost control measures, and efficient operations. This strategy is conducive to success when there are well-defined niche markets with cost-conscious customers and limited competition.
Focused differentiation focuses on a narrow market segment with specific preferences and demands. Core competencies needed for success include deep understanding of the target segment, customization capabilities, and unique value propositions. This strategy is effective in markets where customers have distinct preferences and are willing to pay a premium for specialized offerings.
Integrated cost leadership/differentiation combines elements of both cost leadership and differentiation strategies. Core competencies required for success include efficient operations, cost control, innovation, and the ability to provide unique features. This strategy is suitable when a company aims to offer competitive prices while differentiating itself through superior product features or service quality. It works well in markets where customers value a combination of affordability and differentiation. overall, the choice of generic strategy depends on factors such as market dynamics, customer preferences, competition, and a company's own capabilities and resources.
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Tax advice is considered to be a valuable service provided by members. The advice may be communicated orally or in written form. In deciding on the form of advice provided to a taxpayer, a member should not - Exercise professional judgment - Consider the technical complexity involved.- The tax sophistication of the taxpayer- None of the above are correct.
Answers
Tax advice is an important service provided by members of the tax industry, such as lawyers and accountants. Advice may be communicated either orally or in writing. When providing advice, it is important to consider several factors before deciding on the form of advice to be provided.
Firstly, members should exercise their professional judgment when providing advice. Professional judgment means that the advice should be tailored to the individual’s circumstances and should be based on their specific goals and objectives. It is important to consider the technical complexity involved as this will determine how much detail is needed in the advice. Additionally, the tax sophistication of the taxpayer should also be taken into account as this will determine how much detail can be provided without overburdening the individual.
Finally, members should not consider none of the above options when deciding on the form of advice. It is important to consider all of the factors listed above to ensure that the advice provided is suitable for the individual.
In summary, when providing tax advice, members should exercise professional judgment, consider the technical complexity involved, and take into account the tax sophistication of the taxpayer. This will ensure that the advice provided is tailored to the individual’s circumstances and goals, and that it is presented in a way that is appropriate for the level of understanding of the taxpayer.
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What are some of the ripple effects of food waste
Answers
Answer:
Increased wastage of food can prompt expanded quantities of one, which would then be able to place the second in the chain out of equilibrium. The frameworks in the chain are touchy, and even the littlest changes can have an expanding influence on a biological system, lessening its biodiversity.
Explanation:
Design database for a credit department of bank where the bank has multiple branches in different cities along with their assets. The bank has a list of the clients and their loans. Each loan has a deposit?
Answers
The database for the credit department of the bank would include the following entities: Branch, Client, Loan, and Deposit. The entities are related through foreign key references to establish relationships. This design allows for efficient management of client loans, deposits, and their associations with specific branches of the bank.
In this database design, the Branch entity represents the different branches of the bank with their respective assets. The Client entity stores information about bank clients. The Loan entity captures details about loans taken by clients, including the loan amount, interest rate, and duration. The Deposit entity represents the deposits made by clients, including the deposit amount and the start and end dates.
The relationships in the database are established through foreign key references. The Client ID and Branch ID in the Loan and Deposit entities reference the corresponding primary keys in the Client and Branch entities, respectively.
This database design allows for efficient management of client loans, deposits, and their associations with specific branches of the bank.
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The pros and cons of new product concepts are analyzed during the idea generation phase of new product development.
True
False
Answers
when accounting profits are negative, economic profits
Answers
Answer:
will be negative is the answer to this question
Explanation:
Accounting profits take into account only implicit costs while economic profit takes both implicit as well as explicit costs and if accounting profits are negative with only implicit costs, economic profit will be more negative as more amount of costs are subtracted from it.
What is profit in an economic system?
A. Profit is the investment a producer makes in the economy to achieve financial gain.
B. Profit is the net change in the value of the economy due to an exchange.
C. Profit is the financial gain resulting from an exchange.
D. Profit is the investment a consumer makes in the economy to achieve financial gain.
Answers
Answer:
I think D is correct answer
The profit in the economic system is the investment made by the consumer for accomplishing the financial gain.
The information related to the profit is as follows:
It is the surplus that comes after deducting the cost from the revenue made. It is the investment that should be made by the consumer for attaining financial gain.Therefore all the other options are incorrect.
Thus we can conclude that profit in the economic system is the investment made by the consumer for accomplishing the financial gain.
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Find the forecast demand for period 3, using a exponential smoothing model with a=0.6. (one decimal place) Formula: F7=(1-a)Ft-1 + At-1 time At Ft 1 14 14 2. 30 14 3 41
Answers
The given data shows that the forecast demand for period 1 is 14, and forecast demand for period 2 is also 14. Therefore, the calculation of forecast demand for period 3 using an exponential smoothing model with a=0.6 is given below
The forecast demand for period 3 using an exponential smoothing model with a=0.6 is 28.2 (one decimal) Given, F1 = 14, F2 = 14, a = 0.6 and A3 = 41.We can calculate the forecast for the next period (F3) using the following formula:
\(Ft = αAt-1 + (1 − α)Ft-1F1 = 14F2 = 14Ft = αAt-1 + (1 − α)Ft-1a = 0.6At-1 = A3 = 41 For t = 3,F3 = αAt-1 + (1 − α)Ft-1 F3 = 0.6(41) + (1 − 0.6)14= 24.6 + 5.6= 30.2\)
Hence, the forecast demand for period 3, using an exponential smoothing model with a=0.6 is 28.2 (one decimal place).
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Which one of these items is NOT a processed material?
O Paper
O Steel
O Sand
O Glass
Answers
Paper was originally tree, steel was metal, glass was heated to become glass
A leader with a(n) _____ uses interaction and collaboration with followers to direct work and the work environment.
autocratic style
democratic style
laissez-faire style
transformational style
Answers
The best option is option b that is democratic style. a leader with a democratic style uses interaction and collaboration with followers to direct work and the work environment. In this leadership style, the leader values input and opinions from their team and encourages open communication and participation in decision-making processes. This approach fosters a positive work environment where individuals feel valued and motivated to contribute to the team's success.
Democratic leaders encourage their team to share their thoughts and ideas, which can lead to innovative solutions and improved outcomes. They also provide guidance and support to help their team achieve their goals. By involving their team in the decision-making process, democratic leaders can create a sense of ownership and responsibility among their followers. Overall, the democratic style of leadership is effective in promoting teamwork, creativity, and employee engagement. It allows leaders to leverage the diverse skills and perspectives of their team to drive positive change and achieve organizational goals.
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According the the dividend dicscount models, future dividends
and an investors required rate of return affect the value of a
share of stock.
True or false
Answers
The statement that future dividends and an investor's required rate of return affect the value of a share of stock is true.
According to the dividend discount models, such as the Gordon Growth Model, the value of a share of stock is determined by the future dividends it is expected to pay and the investor's required rate of return. The dividend discount models assume that the value of a stock is equal to the present value of its expected future dividends. The required rate of return represents the minimum return that investors expect to earn on their investment given the risk associated with the stock. By discounting the future dividends back to the present using the required rate of return, the models estimate the intrinsic value of the stock. If the estimated intrinsic value is higher than the current market price, the stock may be considered undervalued, and vice versa.
By adjusting the values of expected dividends, required rate of return, and growth rate, the value of a share of stock can be influenced. Higher expected dividends or a lower required rate of return would increase the value, while lower expected dividends or a higher required rate of return would decrease the value. Similarly, a higher growth rate in dividends would also increase the value, as it represents a higher expected future cash flow from the stock.
It's important to note that dividend discount models have assumptions and limitations, and other factors beyond dividends and required rate of return can also influence the value of a stock, such as market sentiment, macroeconomic conditions, and company-specific factors. Therefore, while these models provide a framework for estimating stock value, they should be used in conjunction with other valuation methods and considered in the broader context of the market and company analysis.
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Impact of purchasing an existing business
Answers
Answer:
What? I don't know what your talking about
Explanation:
What?
Which of the following is not a requirement for using AWS S3 bucket as a website?
The bucket must contain the landing page
The name of the landing page must be index.html
The bucket properties must be modified to enable Static web hosting
The bucket properties must be modified to enable Static web hosting
Answers
The bucket must contain the landing page is not a requirement for using AWS S3 bucket as a website. Thus, option A is correct.
When setting up a bucket in AWS S3 to host a static website, the landing page itself is not required to be present in the bucket. Before activating static web hosting, the landing page, generally an HTML file with the name “index.html,” is not required to be present in the bucket.
The following conditions must be met in order to use an AWS S3 bucket as a website:
The landing page's name must be “index.html” (this is the default, although other configurations are possible). For static web hosting to be possible, the bucket properties must be changed. The bucket and its contents must be setup with the required rights and access control settings for public access.Therefore, option A is correct.
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What is the basis of the law of demand?
Group of answer choices
Self-interested behavior
Marginal utility
Utility curves
Market timing
Answers
market timing
Explanation:
because that way u wont miss customers
What type of bank account is most likely to have a minimum balance requirement?.
Answers
A savings bank account can be is a type of bank account that will most likely have a requirement to maintain a minimum balance as deposit at all times.
A savings account can be referred to or considered as a bank account that accepts deposits from its customers, and offers a certain rate of interest as a part of the return over the deposits maintained over a particular period of time.
A savings account normally comes with a minimum balance requirement to ensure that the bank has funds for offering to the customers who seek financial loans from the bank.
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What is the correct order that the four parts of a cover letter should appear in? a. Introduction, Heading, Argument, Closing b. Heading, Introduction, Argument, Closing c. Introduction, Argument, Heading, Closing d. Heading, Introduction, Closing, Argument.
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer to your query would be the Second Answer Choice;
Heading, Introduction, Argument, Closing.
Explanation:
Here is an example of a cover letter,
Heading (Short Intro to what it is EG: School Problems, as well as your info)
Introduction (What this is about EG: I believe we don’t……..)
Argument (Why your view is correct, USE EVIDENCE EG: Many kids don’t get………)
Closing (Wrap up what it was about EG: All in all, this should be here so that….)
Anything out of this order would not make sense, so B is therefore correct.
There are different reasons for writing a cover letter. The correct order that the four parts of a cover letter should appear in Heading, Introduction, Argument and Closing.
A cover letter is known to be composed of different areas. It often has all the details about the person applying for the Job and why they should be given the Job.
The various parts of a Cover Letter are;
Date Contact Individual Name, Title, Employer, and Address. Heading Paragraph (Opening, Middle Paragraph) Contact Information and Closing.
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According to the video, what tasks are commonly performed by Farmworkers instead of by machines? Select three
options.
weeding
Opruning
preparing soil
transplanting
planting
Answers
Answer:
A: weeding
B: pruning
D: transplanting
Explanation:
trust me i just did it
enjoy :)
please help me asap!
Answers
Answer:
1.answer is social media
Which part of effective leadership deals with maintaining equity?
Answers
Answer:
the part where you have to lead
Explanation:
NEED HELP ASAP, WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST
The chart below shows a production possibility schedule for a pastry shop that makes $0.50 profit per donut and $0.75 profit per bagel. Choice __ yields the largest profit.
Answers
Answer:
its B
Explanation:
if you take how much he makes per donut and per bagel and multiply it by the quantity of each it will give you a total and you just add both the donut total and the bagel total it will give you the final profit and you do that to all of them and see which one has the most money
According to your results of the test, write a 4-5 sentence summary of your personality.
My test results describe me as a ______ parrot______ (animal), which means that I…
WHOEVER HELPS GETS 20 POINTS
Answers
Answer: am rebellious, outgoing, and expressive
Explanation:
ANWSER HURRY, RUNNING OUT OF TIME....
I'LL GIVE YOU 15$ FOR THE ANWSER , IF YOU GIVE ME SOMETHING I CAN COPY AND PASTE...PUT UR CASHAPP IN THE EXPLANATION AREA....
Explain incentives and opportunity cost. Also give an example of both.
Answers
Answer:
Incentives can be either monetary or non-monetary. When opportunity costs change, incentives change, and people's choices and behavior change. Changes in incentives cause people to change their behavior in predictable ways.
Explanation:
i dont want money thx though.
Incentives convince you to do something - it’s a reward or punishment that shapes people’s choices. Opportunity costs, in contrast, represent the benefits of one choice over another. If you pick one thing, you can’t pick another. An example of an opportunity cost is choosing to spend your morning exercising over seeing friends. The opportunity cost is the time spent exercising (that time can not go anywhere else). An incentive example can be a bonus for selling a certain number of items while working.
Hope this helps!
Explanation:
lindsayest
Which of the following are clichés?
Answers
Answer:
2nd scentence
Explanation:
Quick as a flash
Easier said than done
First and foremost
question content area on july 8, jones inc. issued an $69,400, 8%, 120-day note payable to miller company. assume that the fiscal year of jones ends july 31. using a 360-day year, what is the amount of interest expense recognized by jones in the current fiscal year? when required, round your answer to the nearest dollar. a.$5,552 b.$355 c.$710 d.$1,065
Answers
After solving the total amount of interest expenditure recorded by Jones for the current fiscal year is $307.
How can I find out fiscal year?
A 12-month period starting on January 1 and ending on December 31 is known as a calendar year. 12 consecutive months that conclude on the final day of any month, excluding December, constitute a fiscal year.
What is an example of a fiscal year?Fiscal Year 2023, for instance, spans from July 1, 2022, through June 30, 2023. "Fiscal periods" refer to the divisions into which each fiscal year is further subdivided. Continue reading to learn more about UCI's fiscal periods.
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The Just-In-Time Training project involved training in four different areas: supplier management, negotiating skills, project management, and ____. Group of answer choices:A. software applicationB. contract writingC. document validationD. sponsor management
Answers
The Just-In-Time Training project involved training in four different areas: supplier management, negotiating skills, project management, and sponsor management
Option D is correct
Project management involves planning, organizing, and controlling resources to achieve specific goals within a defined timeframe. It is a discipline that is utilized across various industries and sectors to successfully complete projects of different sizes and complexities.
In the context of the Just-In-Time Training project, including project management as one of the training areas suggests that the organization recognized the importance of equipping individuals involved in the project with the necessary knowledge and skills to effectively manage and execute projects.
Training in project management would typically cover a range of topics, including:
Project initiation and planning: This involves defining project objectives, scope, deliverables, and identifying the necessary resources, timelines, and potential risks.
Project organization and team management: It includes establishing project teams, assigning roles and responsibilities, and ensuring effective communication and collaboration among team members.
Project scheduling and time management: This aspect focuses on creating project schedules, setting deadlines, managing dependencies, and monitoring progress to ensure timely completion.
Project budgeting and cost management: Training in this area would cover techniques for estimating project costs, tracking expenses, and ensuring efficient use of resources within budgetary constraints.
Project risk management: This involves identifying potential risks, assessing their impact, and developing strategies to mitigate or respond to them effectively.
Project monitoring and control: Training would include techniques for tracking project progress, evaluating performance, and implementing corrective measures when necessary.
Project communication and stakeholder management: This aspect emphasizes effective communication with project stakeholders, managing expectations, and addressing concerns or conflicts that may arise.
By providing training in project management, the Just-In-Time Training project aimed to enhance the participants' understanding of project management principles, methodologies, and best practices. This would enable them to plan, execute, and control projects more effectively, resulting in improved project outcomes and increased organizational success.
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