Suggest whether water freezing is an endothermic or exothermic process. Can you explain your suggestion?
Answers
As aresult, the freezing of water is an exothermic process because heat is being removed from the system.
An endothermic process would imply that heat must be supplied to the system. That is clearly not the case here, since providing heat would actually increase the average kinetic energy of the water molecules.
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Will give brainliest but hurry
The condensation point of steam is the same temperature as the ______ of water.
A) freezing point
B) melting point
C) boiling point
Answers
Potassium-40 (K-40) decays to Argon-40 (Ar-40) with a half-life of 1.25 billion
years. For a mineral that contains 50% of its original K-40, check all of the true
statements below.
A• Mineral Age = 50% of 1.25 b.y. - 0.625 b.y.
B• Mineral Age = 1.25 by. X 1 elapsed half-life = 1.25 by.
C. The percentage of K-40 atoms inside the mineral increases with time
D. The percentage of Ar-40 atoms inside the mineral is reduced with time
Answers
For a mineral that contains 50% of its original K-40, the statements which are true are option (a) Mineral Age = 50% of 1.25 b.y. - 0.625 b.y. and option (d) The percentage of Ar-40 atoms inside the mineral is reduced with time.
Potassium-40 (K-40) decays to Argon-40 (Ar-40) with a half-life of 1.25 billion years. For a mineral that contains 50% of its original K-40, the statements which are true :
a) Mineral Age = 50% of 1.25 b.y. - 0.625 b.y. - This statement is true. The age of the mineral is half the half-life of K-40 which equals 0.625 billion years.
b) Mineral Age = 1.25 by. X 1 elapsed half-life = 1.25 by. - This statement is false because the mineral contains only 50% of the original K-40.
c) The percentage of K-40 atoms inside the mineral increases with time. This statement is false because K-40 decays to Ar-40 with time.
d) The percentage of Ar-40 atoms inside the mineral is reduced with time. This statement is true because K-40 decays to Ar-40 with time. As K-40 decays, the percentage of Ar-40 atoms inside the mineral increases.
Thus, the statements which are true are option (a) Mineral Age = 50% of 1.25 b.y. - 0.625 b.y. and option (d) The percentage of Ar-40 atoms inside the mineral is reduced with time.
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What gaseous material is primarily extruded from a hydrothermal vent? Carbon Monoxide Hydrogen Sulfide Nitrogen Helium none of the above
Answers
Answer:The gaseous material primarily extruded from a hydrothermal vent is primarily Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S).
Explanation:
Hydrothermal vents are underwater geothermal systems that occur on the ocean floor. They are formed when seawater seeps into the Earth's crust, gets heated by volcanic activity, and then rises back to the surface. These vents are often found near tectonic plate boundaries, such as mid-ocean ridges.
The primary gaseous material extruded from hydrothermal vents is hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless and highly toxic gas with a distinct rotten egg odor. It is produced as a result of chemical reactions that occur within the vent system.
At hydrothermal vents, seawater reacts with hot rocks and minerals in the Earth's crust. This process leads to the formation of various chemical compounds, including hydrogen sulfide. The hot, mineral-rich water released from the vents carries dissolved hydrogen sulfide gas along with other dissolved gases.
The release of hydrogen sulfide gas from hydrothermal vents has significant ecological implications. It serves as an energy source for specialized bacteria that thrive in these extreme conditions. These bacteria, known as chemosynthetic bacteria, use the hydrogen sulfide as an energy source to convert it into organic matter through a process called chemosynthesis. This chemosynthetic activity forms the basis of unique ecosystems around hydrothermal vents, supporting diverse communities of organisms.
While other gases may also be present in lower concentrations, hydrogen sulfide is the primary gaseous material extruded from hydrothermal vents due to its abundance and importance in supporting the unique ecosystems that exist in these extreme environments.
The gaseous material primarily extruded from a hydrothermal vent is hydrogen sulfide (H2S).
High amounts of hydrogen sulphide gas, as well as other gases including carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), are known to be released from hydrothermal vents.
The habitats and microbial communities that are found surrounding hydrothermal vents are unique because of the chemical composition and conditions that these gases contribute to. So hydrogen sulphide is the right response.
A seafloor fissure known as a hydrothermal vent is where hot, mineral-rich fluids are released into the surrounding water. Typically at mid-ocean ridges or in regions where tectonic plates are sliding apart, these vents are found in volcanically active regions.
Magma that exists beneath the surface of the Earth heats the fluids that are emitted by hydrothermal vents. When seawater seeps into fissures and fractures, it heats up and reacts with the nearby rocks, leaching away different minerals and metals in the process.
Hot, mineral-rich fluids are released via the vent apertures when the superheated water hits the seafloor.
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a scientist uses 52g of Na2SO4 for a chemical reaction. how many moles of Na atom does the compound contain a) 0.366 b) 0.732 c) 8.422 d)16.845
Answers
Answer:
b). 0.732
Explanation:
52g Na₂SO₄ x 1 mol Na₂SO₄ x 2 mol Na
------------------------- -------------------- = 0.732 mol Na
142.04 g Na₂SO₄ 1 mol Na₂SO₄
Atomic Mass Units
Na₂ = 22.99 x 2 = 45.98
S = 32.06
O₄ = 16 x 4 = 64
Na₂SO₄ = 45.98 + 32.06 + 64 = 142.04
There are 2 moles of Na in 1 mole of Na₂SO₄
Where are the atoms located in side facing crystalline structure unit cells?
A) Corners of the unit cell
B) Center of the unit cell
C) Each face of the unit cell
D) Outside faces of the unit cell
Answers
D) Outside faces of the unit cell.
What is a face unit cell?Atoms could be found inside an FCC cell at the center of the cube and on each of the four corners of the crystal lattice.A single cell owns only one half of each atom, which would be shared by the head atom and two neighboring unit cells.
BCC, FCC, and hcp are what?Body-centered cell is abbreviated as "-bcc," and concentration is 8. Face-centered cell is abbreviated as "-fcc," and the concentration is 12.Cubic close packing is referred to as "ccp," and the concentration is 12.Similarly, the coordination number for hcp, which stands for close - packed packed cell, is 12.
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Please pleaseee help mw i suck :( at this
Answers
Answer:
Most likely Potential Energy
Explanation:
This is possible because potential energy is stored energy that an object contains until moved, once moved it transfers its potential energy into kinetic energy. In this problem, the kinetic energy in the torch is changed into potential energy once placed on the shelf and deprived of movement. Thus your only viable answer is Potential energy!
Hope this helps, please comment in case wrong so I may figure it out and correct my mistakes
which of the following changes occur when an acid solution of unknown concentration is titrated with a standardized solution of naoh? select all that apply. multiple select question. the color of the indicator slowly changes over the course of the titration. the ph of the acid solution decreases. the concentration of h ions in the acid solution decreases. the ph of the acid solution increases.
Answers
The colors of the starting solutions differ in case of high and low concentrations, because the titrations start at different pH values.
The colors of the starting solutions vary in case of high and coffee concentrations, due to the fact the titrations start at distinctive pH values. In case of excessive concentrations, the starting color is of brilliant pink red, converting to purple orange all through innovative titration.
The signs have a chemical structure which can soak up mild beneath positive pH conditions and both change shade or grow to be colorless below other pH situations. This normally happens because of a exchange in protonation of the purposeful group of the molecule.
Whether an answer is acidic or simple can be measured at the pH scale. When everyday indicator is brought to a solution, the color change can indicate the approximate pH of the solution. Acids purpose universal indicator option to trade from green in the direction of crimson.
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Can anyone answer these 4 questions?
Answers
Answer:
1. Na2CO3 + 2HCl --> 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O
2. 2NaOH + H2SO4 --> Na2SO4 + H2O
3. CaCO3 + 2HCl --> CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
4. 4Na + O2 --> 2Na2O
Elements that can exist in two or more geometric patterns are called
Answers
Answer:
The answer is allotropes
Explanation:
As known by studying and research the ansqer came out to be allotropes
Consider the reaction: P4(s)+6H2(g)→4PH3(g)If 90.0 L of H2(g) , measured at STP, is allowed to react with 168.5 g of P4 , what is the limiting reactant? If 39.7 L of PH3 , measured at STP, forms, what is the percent yield?
Answers
The limiting reactant is hydrogen gas (H₂).
The percent yield is 66.045%.
According to Stoichiometry
At STP V = n × 22.4
m = n × Mr
n = number of molesV = volume (L)m = mass (grams)Mr = molecular mass (g/mol)Mr is the sum of all the atomic mass (Ar)Ar P = 30.975 g/molAr H = 1The chemical reaction P₄ (s) + 6 H₂ (g) → 4 PH₃ (g)
From H₂
V = 90.0 LAt STPn = V ÷ 22.4n = 90.0 ÷ 22.4
n = 4.02 mol
From P₄
m = 168.5Mr = 4 × Ar PMr = 4 × 30.975
Mr = 123.9 g/moln = m ÷ Mr
n = 168.5 ÷ 123.9
n = 1.36 mol
According to Avogadro's law the limiting reactant
H₂n ÷ coefficient = 4.02 ÷ 6 = 0.67P₄
n ÷ coefficient = 1.36 ÷ 1 = 1.360.67 < 1.36The limiting reactant is H₂.
P₄ (s) + 6 H₂ (g) → 4 PH₃ (g)
V PH₃ = 39.7 L at STPNumber of mole PH₃ in realityn PH₃ = V ÷ 22.4 = 39.7 ÷ 22.4
n PH₃ = = 1.77 molH₂ that reacts is 4.02 molNumber of mole PH₃ in theory
n PH₃ : n H₂ = coefficient PH₃ : coefficient H₂
n PH₃ : 4.02 = 4 : 6
n PH₃ × 6 = 4.02 × 4
n PH₃ = 16.08 ÷ 6
n PH₃ = 2.68 mol
The percent yield
(mass PH₃ in reality ÷ mass PH₃ in theory) × 100%
= ((n PH₃ in reality × Mr PH₃) ÷ (n PH₃ in theory × Mr PH₃)) × 100%
= (n PH₃ in reality ÷ n PH₃ in theory) × 100%
= (1.77 ÷ 2.68) × 100%
= 0.66045 × 100%
= 66.045%
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Part g
consider the melting points of sugar and salt, as well as the states of sugar, salt, and oil
at room temperature. what can you conclude about the attractive forces between
particles in the three substances?
Answers
Salt and sugar have strong attractive forces whereas oil has weak attractive forces between particles.
What type of attractive forces present in salt, sugar and oil?The attractive forces between particles in the salt and sugar substances have strong because of its solid state while on the other hand, the attractive force between particles of oil is weak because of its liquid state.
So we can conclude that salt and sugar have strong attractive forces whereas oil has weak attractive forces between particles.
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The strength of the attractive forces between the molecule of oil, sugar and salt increases from oil to sugar to salt.
What is melting point of a substance?The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which the solid substance melts.
The melting point of a substance is a constant for a pure substance.
The higher the attractive forces between the molecules of a substance, the higher the melting point will be.
Between the three substances, oil has the lowest melting point while salt has the highest melting point.
Therefore, the strength of the attractive forces between the molecule of oil, sugar and salt increases from oil to sugar to salt.
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If empirical formula and molar mass of a compound is P2O5 and 142 respectively. the molecular formula of the compound will be....
Answers
Answer:
molecular formula = molar mass ÷ empirical formula
n = 142 ÷ 142
n = 1
molecular formula (P2O5)1 = P2O5
how many grams of copper would be produced from 49.48 g of chromium? cr cuso4 → cu cr2(so4)3
Answers
Answer:
60.45 grams of copper
Explanation:
To determine the amount of copper (Cu) produced from a given mass of chromium (Cr), we need to use the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between chromium and copper sulfate:
Cr + CuSO4 → Cu + Cr2(SO4)3
From the equation, we can see that the stoichiometric ratio between chromium and copper is 1:1. This means that for every 1 mole of chromium reacted, 1 mole of copper is produced.
First, we need to calculate the number of moles of chromium:
Molar mass of chromium (Cr) = 52.00 g/mol
Mass of chromium (Cr) = 49.48 g
Number of moles of chromium (Cr) = Mass / Molar mass
Number of moles of chromium (Cr) = 49.48 g / 52.00 g/mol
Number of moles of chromium (Cr) ≈ 0.951 mol
Since the stoichiometric ratio between chromium and copper is 1:1, the number of moles of copper produced will also be 0.951 mol.
Next, we can calculate the mass of copper (Cu) produced:
Molar mass of copper (Cu) = 63.55 g/mol
Mass of copper (Cu) = Number of moles * Molar mass
Mass of copper (Cu) = 0.951 mol * 63.55 g/mol
Mass of copper (Cu) ≈ 60.45 g
Therefore, approximately 60.45 grams of copper would be produced from 49.48 grams of chromium.
an aqueous potassium carbonate solution is made by dissolving 6.29 moles of k2co3 in sufficient water so that the final volume of the solution is 4.20 l . calculate the molarity of the k2co3 solution.
Answers
An aqueous potassium carbonate solution is made by dissolving 6.29 moles of K₂CO₃ in sufficient water so that the final volume of the solution is 4.20L. The molarity of a solution is 1.50M.
Molarity is defined as the moles of solute present in the specific amount or volume of a solution. We calculate the moles of a substance using the formula
moles=(mass/molar mass)
If the volume of a solution is given in ml, then convert it into L.
Molarity is calculated as
Molarity=moles/volume(in L)
Given that moles=6.29, and volume=4.20L
Plug both values in the formula
Molarity=(6.29 mol/4.20 L)
Molarity=1.4976 mol/L
Molarity=1.50 M (∵M=mol/L)
Therefore, the molarity of a K₂CO₃ solution is 1.50M.
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Can I find a tutor help me wit this question?
Answers
Chemistry =>Introduction to Chemistry => Scientific Method
A scientific method corresponds to a methodology to obtain new knowledge.
We must start from an idea, an assumption of how a compound or a process behaves, this is our hypothesis.
Following this, we must identify what can affect our process, what are the variables, and what will be the response variable, for this we carry out an experiment.
Once the experiments have been carried out, we must analyze the results, draw conclusions as to why the behavior occurs, and if our hypothesis is true or not.
It is useless for us to obtain new knowledge if we do not share it, We have to share the results, in this way other people can start from that knowledge to create another,
Therefore, the answer will be:
1. Make a hypothesis
2. Conduct an experiment
3. Analyze the experiment data
4. Communicate the results
In each row check off the boxes that apply to the highlighted reactant. The highlighted reactant acts as a... (check all that apply) reaction Bransted-Lowry acid Bransted-Lowry base Lewis acid HINO) 2(aq) + C2H,NH 2(aq) (aq) NO2 (aq) + C2H,NH; Lewis base Bransted-Lowry acid Zn2+(aq) + 6CH3CN(aa) → Zn(CH3CN)2+(aa) -sted-Lowry base Lewis acid Lewis base Brensted-Lowry acid Brensted-Lowry base Lewis acid Lewis base 3 + Al3t(aq) + 6H2O() → Al(H20),(aq)
Answers
For the first reaction: - \(C_2H_5NH_2\) is a reactant and acts as a Bransted-Lowry base since it accepts a proton from\(HNO_2\).
For the second reaction:- \(CH_3CN\) is a reactant and acts as a Lewis base since it donates electron pairs to \(Zn^2^+\).
For the third reaction: - \(H_2O\) is a reactant and acts as a Lewis base since it donates electron pairs to \(Al^3^+\).
For the first reaction: \(HNO_2(aq) + C_2H_5NH_2(aq) → NO_2-(aq) + C_2H_5NH_3+(aq)\)
- \(HNO_2\) is a reactant and acts as a Bransted-Lowry acid since it donates a proton to \(C_2H_5NH_2\).
- \(C_2H_5NH_2\) is a reactant and acts as a Bransted-Lowry base since it accepts a proton from \(HNO_2\).
For the second reaction: Zn2+(aq) + 6CH3CN(aq) → Zn(CH3CN)2+(aq)
- Zn2+ is a reactant and acts as a Lewis acid since it accepts electron pairs from CH3CN.
- CH3CN is a reactant and acts as a Lewis base since it donates electron pairs to Zn2+.
For the third reaction: Al3+(aq) + 6H2O(l) → Al(H2O)63+(aq)
- Al3+ is a reactant and acts as a Lewis acid since it accepts electron pairs from H2O.
- H2O is a reactant and acts as a Lewis base since it donates electron pairs to Al3+.
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8. How many milligrams of iron are delivered from a 250. mg tablet of FeSO4.7H20
Answers
Answer:
\(molar \: mass \: of \: FeSO _{4}.7H _{2}0 = (56 + 32 + (16 \times 4) + (7 \times 18)) \\ = 278 \: g \\ \\ (278 \times 1000) \: mg \: of \: FeSO _{4}.7H _{2}0 \: contains \: (56 \times 1000) \: mg \: of \: Fe \\ 250 \: mg \: of \: FeSO _{4}.7H _{2}0 \: contain \: ( \frac{250 \times 56 \times 1000}{278 \times 1000} ) \\ = 50.35 \: mg \: of \: Fe\)
The mass of Fe delivered by 250 mg Iron sulfate heptahydrate has been 50.35 mg.
The molar mass of the compound has been the sum of the mass of each element present in the compound. The given compound is iron sulfate heptahydrate. The compound has molar mass 278 grams.
1 mole of compound has been consisting of 1mole of iron.
278 grams Iron sulfate = 56 grams Fe
278,000 mg Iron sulfate = 56,000 mg Fe.
The mass of iron in 250 mg compound can be given as:
278,000 mg Iron sulfate = 56,000 mg Fe
\(\rm 250\;mg \;Iron\;sulfate\;=\;\dfrac{56,000}{278,000}\;\times\;250\)
250 mg Iron sulfate tablet = 50.35 mg Fe.
The mass of Fe delivered by 250 mg Iron sulfate heptahydrate has been 50.35 mg.
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why air on earth circulates between the equator and the poles¿
Answers
Answer:
either it keeps humans alive or either generates oxygen for the world
Explanation:
Select all correct answers. Breaking the chemical bonds in reactions requires:
proper orientation of the molecules.
collisions between particles.
an overall release of energy.
sufficient kinetic energy to break the bonds.
an overall decrease in energy.
Answers
The correct answers are: proper orientation of the molecules; collisions between particles; and sufficient kinetic energy to break the bonds, as breaking chemical bonds in reactions requires proper orientation of the molecules and collisions between particles.
Chemical reactions involve the breaking of bonds between atoms in reactant molecues and the formation of new bonds between atoms in product molecules. Breaking these bonds requires a certain amount of energy, which can be supplied through collisions between particles and the proper orientation of the molecules involved in the reaction. When two reactant molecules collide, the orientation of their atoms is important. The atoms need to be in the correct position relative to each other for the chemical bonds to break and new bonds to form.
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What is the volume of 3.89 g of n2 at 2.68 atm and 325 k?
a. 1.38
b. 1.28
c. 1.39
d. 12.8
e. 1.76 l
Answers
The volume of 3.89 g of N₂ at 2.68 atm and 325 K is approximately 1.39 L and the correct option is option C.
Volume refers to the amount of space occupied by an object or substance. It is a fundamental physical quantity that measures the three-dimensional extent of an object or the capacity of a container to hold a substance. In the context of gases, volume is the amount of space the gas occupies within a given container.
It is typically measured in units such as liters (L) or cubic meters (m³). Volume is an important parameter in various scientific disciplines, including physics, chemistry, and engineering, as it influences many aspects of the behavior and properties of substances and objects.
Given,
Molar mass of N₂ is 28.0134 g/mol.
Number of moles (n) = mass / molar mass
n = 3.89 g / 28.0134 g/mol
n ≈ 0.1389 mol
Using the ideal gas law equation to solve for the volume:
V = (nRT) / P
V = (0.1389 mol × 0.0821 L·atm/mol·K × 325 K) / 2.68 atm
V = 1.39 L
Thus, the ideal selection is option C.
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Can someone pls help
Answers
Have a good one!
1,670,000,000 in
scientific notation pleaseeee
Answers
Answer:
1.67 × 10^9
Explanation:
Florida is the __________________ "capital" of the US?
Answers
Answer:
Orange
Explanation:
Answer:
tropical
Explanation:
tropical tropical
Could someone help me answer these questions with the answer and typed steps for how each answer was found? I asked this question previously but, I could not read the handwritten answer.
7. A 25 g soil sample was extracted with 75 mL of NH4OAc (pH 7.0), and the filtrate was analyzed
on an atomic absorption unit. The following results were obtained:
100 mg/L Ca2+, 45 mg/L Mg2+, 85.5 mg/L K+, 94.2 mg/L Al3+ and 8.0 mg/L H+.
a. What is the CEC in cmol(+)/kg for this sample?
b. What is the % B.S. for this soil?
c. What is the % acid saturation for this soil sample?
Answers
The CEC for this soil sample is 675.2 cmol(+)/kg.
The % Base Saturation for this soil sample is approximately 136.62%.
The % Acid Saturation for this soil sample is approximately 60.55%.
To calculate the CEC, % Base Saturation (B.S.), and % Acid Saturation for the given soil sample:
a. Calculation of CEC (Cation Exchange Capacity):
CEC is the sum of exchangeable cations in the soil. From the given results, we have:
CEC = Ca2+ + Mg2+ + K+ + Al3+
CEC = (100 mg/L + 45 mg/L + 85.5 mg/L + 94.2 mg/L) / (25 g / 1000)
CEC = 168.7 mg / (25 g / 1000)
CEC = 675.2 cmol(+)/kg
b. Calculation of % Base Saturation (B.S.):
% B.S. represents the percentage of CEC occupied by base cations. In this case, we consider Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ as base cations. The formula to calculate % B.S. is:
% B.S. = (Ca2+ + Mg2+ + K+) / CEC * 100
% B.S. = (100 mg/L + 45 mg/L + 85.5 mg/L) / (168.7 cmol(+)/kg) * 100
% B.S. = 230.5 mg / (168.7 cmol(+)/kg) * 100
% B.S. = 136.62%
c. Calculation of % Acid Saturation:
% Acid Saturation represents the percentage of CEC occupied by acid cations, in this case, H+ and Al3+. The formula to calculate % Acid Saturation is:
% Acid Saturation = (H+ + Al3+) / CEC * 100
% Acid Saturation = (8.0 mg/L + 94.2 mg/L) / (168.7 cmol(+)/kg) * 100
% Acid Saturation = 102.2 mg / (168.7 cmol(+)/kg) * 100
% Acid Saturation = 60.55%
Please note that the given values were in milligrams per liter (mg/L), and the CEC and % Saturation values were calculated assuming a conversion from mg/L to cmol(+)/kg using the mass of the soil sample (25 g).
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HELP
Balance the following skeleton equation and determine how many grams of water can be produced when 50.0 grams of Al(OH)3 react with 60.0 grams of H2SO4 .
Al(OH)3 + H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + H2O
Answers
Explanation:
2Al(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 --> Al2 (SO4)3 + 6H2O
___________ in the stomach are responsible for the mechanical digestion that takes place there.
Answers
Which of the following statements statements expresses the following chemical equation with words?
2 K(s) + Cl₂(g) →> 2 KCI(S)
->
Select one:
O a. Four atoms of krypton react with two molecules of Cl₂
O b. Two atoms of potassium react with one molecule of chlorine to produce two molecules of potassium chloride.
O c. One atom of chromium reacts with 1 molecule of calcium to produce 1 molecule of chromium calcide.
O d. Two atoms of potassium react with potassium chloride to produce chlorine gas.
Answers
Answer:
option b is the answer of given statementtwo atoms of potassium react with one molecule of chlorine to produce two molecules of potassium chloride
A sample of wet clayey soil has a mass of 196 kg. The following data were obtained from laboratory tests on the sample: Wet density, yt = 2.1 g/cm3, G = 2.7, water content, w - 19%. Determine (i) dry density, (ii) porosity, (iii) void ratio, and (iv) degree of saturation.
Answers
The dry density is approximately 1.76 g/cm^3. The porosity is approximately 0.162 or 16.2%, the void ratio is approximately 0.193, The degree of saturation (S) is 0.844.
(i) To determine the dry density, we need to consider the mass of solid particles only. The dry density (yd) can be calculated using the following formula:
yd = yt / (1 + (w/100))
Given:
Wet density (yt) = 2.1 g/cm^3
Water content (w) = 19%
Substituting the values into the formula:
yd = 2.1 / (1 + (19/100)) = 2.1 / (1 + 0.19) = 2.1 / 1.19 ≈ 1.76 g/cm^3
Therefore, the dry density is approximately 1.76 g/cm^3.
(ii) To determine the porosity, we can use the relationship between porosity (n) and the dry density (yd) and wet density (yt):
n = (yt - yd) / yt
Substituting the values:
n = (2.1 - 1.76) / 2.1 = 0.34 / 2.1 ≈ 0.162
Therefore, the porosity is approximately 0.162 or 16.2%.
(iii) The void ratio (e) can be calculated using the formula:
e = n / (1 - n)
Substituting the value of porosity (n):
e = 0.162 / (1 - 0.162) ≈ 0.193
Therefore, the void ratio is approximately 0.193.
(iv) The degree of saturation (S) can be calculated using the formula:
S = (wt - w) / (Gw)
Given:
Water content (w) = 19%
Water content of fully saturated soil (wt) = 100%
Specific gravity of water (Gw) = 1
Substituting the values:
S = (1 - 0.19) / (1 * 0.19) ≈ 0.844
Therefore, the degree of saturation is approximately 0.844 or 84.4%.
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Part 1. A glass bottle, which is half-filled with water, has a balloon attached to its opening. The bottle is placed in a hot water bath for some time. Explain the change to the size of the balloon based on the kinetic molecular theory.
Part 2. What would most likely happen to the balloon if the bottle was then placed into a jar of cold water with ice cubes? Explain your answer based on the kinetic molecular theory.
In both cases, assume the balloon is attached tightly enough so that air does not escape the system.
Answers
1. When the bottle is placed in a hot water bath, the temperature of the water and the air inside the bottle increases.
2. Placing the bottle in the cold water with ice cubes lowers the temperature of the water and the air inside the bottle. A
What is the kinetic molecular theory?
The air inside the glass bottle with the water and the balloon gains greater kinetic energy as a result of the hot water bath's higher temperature. The additional kinetic energy causes the average speed of the air molecules to increase, which raises the pressure and causes the balloon to expand as a result.
The air within the bottle and the balloon loses kinetic energy when it is placed in a jar of cold water with ice cubes because of the drop in temperature. The air molecules move less quickly on average, the pressure drops, and the balloon contracts as a result of the decreased kinetic energy.
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Apply Concepts Hard water contains calcium
and magnesium ions. One way to soften water
is to add sodium phosphate. Write complete
and net ionic equations for the reaction of these
two alkaline earth ions with aqueous sodium
phosphate.
Answers
The reaction's net ionic equation when sodium phosphate is added to hard water to soften it.
3Ca2++2PO3−4→Ca3(PO4)2(s)
The chemical conversion of one group of chemical constituents into another is known as a chemical reaction.
Chemical reactions take place when atoms' chemical bonds are made or broken.
Reactants are the substances that start a chemical reaction, while products are the substances that come out of the process.
Through chemical processes, plants develop, begin to produce fruit, and then disintegrate to become compost for new plants.
High mineral content water is referred to as hard water. When water percolates through limestone, chalk, or gypsum deposits, which are mostly composed of calcium and magnesium carbonates, bicarbonates, and sulfates, hard water is created. Drinking hard water may offer some health advantages.
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