Specifying the data types, structures, and constraints of the data to be stored in the database is known as defining. The answer is option (a).
Database is a collection of data that is structured in such a way that it can be easily accessed, managed, and updated. The data is usually stored in a computer file system or a database management system (DBMS). Defining is the process which involves identifying the data elements that will be stored in the database, determining the data type for each element, and setting constraints on the data to ensure data integrity. In other words, defining involves determining the structure and format of the data that will be stored in the database.
Hence the correct option is (a).
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used java api owned by oracle in its android mobile operating system. this case is a question of which type of intellectual property violation?
In a six-year legal battle, software giant Oracle claimed that had violated its copyright by utilising 11,500 lines of Java code in its Android operating system. has now won the lawsuit.
what is android mobile operating system?37 Java APIs (application programming interfaces) were utilised by according to the jury's finding. Developers will be happy to hear the news because they normally rely on free access to APIs to create third-party services.
After the jury had debated for three days at the federal court in San Francisco, US District Judge William Alsup commended them for their "very hard work" in the case. "I am aware of appeals and the like."
Oracle was suing for up to $9 billion in damages after claiming that had used more of its proprietary Java code than was permissible. With 1.4 billion monthly active users and a market share of more than 80%, Android is by far the most widely used mobile operating system.
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What was Microsoft's original mission statement?
"A computer on every desk and in every house, running Microsoft software," was the original goal statement of Microsoft, drafted by Bill Gates and Paul Allen.
This claim was made for the first time in the company's 1976 prospectus and reflected Microsoft's goal of enabling personal computers to be available and cheap to anyone. The company's emphasis on producing software rather than just hardware was also reflected in the mission statement, which said that the company's goal was to create software that could be utilised on a variety of personal computers. With the aid of this goal statement, Microsoft was able to develop into one of the biggest and most powerful technology corporations in the world.
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IN C++ PLEASE!!! Read integers from input and store each integer into a vector until -1 is read. Do not store -1 into the vector. Then, output all values in the vector that are greater than zero in reverse order, each on a new line.
Ex: If the input is -19 34 -54 65 -1, the output is:
65
34
#include
#include
using namespace std;
int main() {
/* Your solution goes here */
return 0;
}
The program is an illustration of vectors; vectors are data structures that are used to hold multiple values in one variable name
The main programThe program written in C++, where comments are used to explain each action is as follows:
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main(){
//This declares the vector
vector<int> nums;
//This declares an integer variable
int num;
//Thie gets the first input
cin>>num;
//This loops is repeated until the user enters -1
while(num != -1){
nums.push_back(num);
cin>>num; }
//This iterates through the vector
for (auto i = nums.begin(); i != nums.end(); ++i){
//This checks if the current element is above 1
if(*i > 0){
//If yes, the element is printed
cout << *i <<endl;
}
}
return 0;
}
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When updating dispatch during a call, which of these items is not necessary to report?
The caller's race is not necessary to report when updating dispatch during a call.
When updating dispatch during a call, it is important to provide relevant and necessary information to ensure that the appropriate response is sent.
This includes the location of the incident, description of the situation, and any injuries or medical conditions involved.
However, the caller's race is not necessary to report and should not be used as a factor in determining the response or level of urgency.
Focusing on race can lead to discrimination and bias, and emergency responders should prioritize providing equal and fair treatment to all individuals in need.
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What is an optimizing system that can find and evaluate solutions with many more possibilities, faster and more thoroughly than a human? Question 2 options: Overfitting. Fuzzy logic. Augmented reality. Genetic algorithm.
The optimizing system that can find and evaluate solutions with many more possibilities, faster and more thoroughly than a human is the Genetic algorithm.
Genetic algorithms are optimization techniques inspired by the process of natural selection and evolution. They utilize a population-based approach to iteratively generate and refine potential solutions by mimicking genetic processes such as mutation, crossover, and selection. This allows them to explore a vast search space efficiently and effectively. Genetic algorithms excel at solving complex problems with numerous potential solutions by evaluating and evolving candidate solutions over multiple generations. They can outperform humans in terms of exploring a large solution space, quickly identifying promising solutions, and iteratively improving them to achieve optimal or near-optimal results.
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What is the system of computers, routers, wires, cables,etc. that allow computers to communicate called?
To find a webpage,the user of a search engine would simply enter a word oa phrase in the resources text box. What is the term for that phrase?
Answer:
Search text
Explanation:
A web page refers to a specific collection of content that a website provides and displays to a user in a web browser.
A web page is defined as any document that is commonly written in HTML.
To find a webpage, the user of a search engine would simply enter a word or phrase called search text in the resources text box.
Discuss the architecture style that is used by interactive systems
Interactive systems use a variety of architectural styles depending on their specific requirements and design goals. However, one commonly used architecture style for interactive systems is the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern.
The MVC pattern separates an application into three interconnected components: the model, the view, and the controller. The model represents the data and business logic of the application, the view displays the user interface to the user, and the controller handles user input and updates both the model and the view accordingly.
This separation of concerns allows for greater flexibility and modularity in the design of interactive systems. For example, changes to the user interface can be made without affecting the underlying data or vice versa. Additionally, the use of a controller to handle user input helps to simplify the code and make it more maintainable.
Other architecture styles commonly used in interactive systems include event-driven architectures, service-oriented architectures, and microservices architectures. Each of these styles has its own strengths and weaknesses and may be more suitable depending on the specific requirements of the system being developed.
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Which is the best example of an unreliable narrator?
O A. A guilty criminal
O B. A loyal friend
O C. A strict parent
O D. A bored academic
Identify and label the parts fo the audio mixer (use the provided list as a guide).
____________. Audio Input Knob Potentiometers
____________. Audio Input Slider Potentiometers
____________. Audio Mixer
____________. Main Output Control
____________. Sub-master Controls
____________. VU Meter
Input jacks. Audio Input Knob Potentiometers. Microphone preamplifiers. Audio Input Slider Potentiometers.
What is audio mixer?Audio mixer is defined as a device that accepts, combines, processes, and monitors audio as its primary function. Mixers are used for live sound reinforcement, streaming, and broadcast. They allow you to "mix" many sound sources together.
Equalization. Audio Mixer. Dynamics processing. Main Output Control. Routing, Sub-master Controls. Level-control faders. VU Meter are the parts of audio mixer.
Thus, the parts of audio mixer are as given.
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Which hardware component interprets and carries out the instructions contained in the software.
Answer:
Processor
A processor interprets and carries out basic instructions that operate a computer.
Python Project Worksheet
Print | Save
Output: Your goal
You will write a program that asks a user to fill in a story. Store each response in a variable, then print the story based on the responses.
Part 1: Plan and Write the Pseudocode
Use the following guidelines to write your pseudocode for a fill-in story program.
Decide on a list of items the program will ask the user to input.
Your program should include at least four interactive prompts.
Input from the user should be assigned to variables and used in the story.
Use concatenation to join strings together in the story.
Print the story for the user to read.
Write your pseudocode here:
Part 2: Code the Program
Use the following guidelines to code your program.
Use the Python IDLE to write your program.
Using comments, type a heading that includes your name, today’s date, and a short description.
Set up your def main(): statement. (Don’t forget the parentheses and colon.)
Conclude the program with the main() statement.
Include at least two print statements and two variables.
Include at least four input prompts.
Use concatenation to join strings.
Follow the Python style conventions regarding indentation in your program.
Run your program to ensure it is working properly. Fix any errors you may observe.
Example of expected output: The output below is an example of a “Favorite Animal” message. Your specific results will vary depending on the choices you make about your message.
Output
The kangaroo is the cutest of all. It has 5 toes and a beautiful heart. It loves to eat chips and salsa, although it will eat pretty much anything. It lives in New York, and you must be super sweet to it, or you may end up as its meal!
When you've completed writing your program code, save your work by selecting 'Save' in the Python IDLE. When you submit your assignment, you will attach this Python file separately.
Part 3: Post Mortem Review (PMR)
Using complete sentences, respond to all the questions in the PMR chart.
Review Question Response
What was the purpose of your program?
How could your program be useful in the real world?
What is a problem you ran into, and how did you fix it?
Describe one thing you would do differently the next time you write a program.
Part 4: Save Your Work
Don't forget to save this worksheet. You will submit it for your assessment.
Print | Save
Answer:
I will do it and send it in a pic
Explanation:
give me a sec
write the order of tasks that each person completes in order to make mashed potatoes in the shortest time. in order to format your answer, write the sequence of tasks each person does, with commas between tasks of one person, and semicolons between task lists of different people. for example, if you submit 0,1,2,4;3,5, person 0 will do tasks 0, 1, 2, and 4 (in that order), and person 1 will do tasks 3 and 5 (in that order). this will take 33 minutes total. you may add spaces, and order the task lists in any order. for example, the autograder will consider the above answer as equivalent to the submission 3,5;0,1,2,4 and the submission 0, 1, 2 ,4 ;3 ,5
To make mashed potatoes in the shortest time, the tasks can be divided among multiple people. Here is one possible distribution of tasks:
Person 1: Peel and chop potatoes, Boil water, Drain potatoes, Mash potatoesPerson 2: Set the table, Prepare butter and milk, Season mashed potatoe Person 3: Make gravy, Serve mashed potatoes and gravyThe sequence of tasks for each person can be represented as follows:Person 1: Peel and chop potatoes, Boil water, Drain potatoes, Mash potatoesPerson 2: Set the table, Prepare butter and milk, Season mashed potatoesPerson 3: Make gravy, Serve mashed potatoes and gravyNote: The order of the task lists can be rearranged, and spaces can be added for clarity. The autograder will consider answers with equivalent task sequences as correct.
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Which action would best help a school improve equity for its students?
O A. Provide classes on economics and investing
O B. Focus interventions on the students with disabilities
O C. Make the classes easier so everyone can get an A
O D. Provide all students with what they need to be successful
SUBMIT
D, the first two focus on two specific aspects and the third wouldn’t help i’m the long run.
Semiconductors are only somewhat conductive electronic components.
True or False?
Answer:
True
Explanation:
A semi conductor can be defined as a material , a component or a substance that has the ability to conduct or transmit electricity partially.
This is because their ability to conduct electricity or to be conductive occurs between a conductor and an insulator.
Examples include silicon, carbon, germanium, e.t.c.
Semiconductors help to control and regulate the rate at which electricity is conducted or transmitted.
Therefore, semiconductors are only somewhat conductive electronic components.
in 100 word, tell me who is a significant public figure who has the job profile as a "set designer" and explain why
A significant public figure who holds the job profile of a set designer is Sarah Jones.
Sarah Jones is a highly regarded and influential public figure in the field of set design. With her exceptional talent and creativity, she has made a significant impact on the world of film and theater. As a set designer, Sarah Jones is responsible for conceptualizing and creating the visual environment of a production. She collaborates closely with directors, producers, and other members of the production team to bring their vision to life. Sarah's expertise lies in her ability to transform abstract ideas into tangible and captivating sets that enhance the overall storytelling experience.
Sarah Jones' work is characterized by her meticulous attention to detail and her ability to capture the essence of a story through her designs. She carefully considers the mood, time period, and thematic elements of the production, ensuring that the set not only complements the performances but also adds depth and authenticity to the narrative. Sarah's portfolio includes a diverse range of projects, from period dramas to futuristic sci-fi films, each demonstrating her versatility and artistic vision.
In addition to her creative talents, Sarah Jones is known for her professionalism and effective communication skills. She understands the importance of collaboration and works closely with the entire production team to ensure a seamless integration of the set design with other elements such as lighting, costumes, and sound. Her ability to effectively translate ideas into practical designs, coupled with her strong organizational skills, makes her an invaluable asset to any production.
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Write a program in java to input N numbers from the user in a Single Dimensional Array .Now, display only those numbers that are palindrome
Using the knowledge of computational language in JAVA it is possible to write a code that input N numbers from the user in a Single Dimensional Array .
Writting the code:class GFG {
// Function to reverse a number n
static int reverse(int n)
{
int d = 0, s = 0;
while (n > 0) {
d = n % 10;
s = s * 10 + d;
n = n / 10;
}
return s;
}
// Function to check if a number n is
// palindrome
static boolean isPalin(int n)
{
// If n is equal to the reverse of n
// it is a palindrome
return n == reverse(n);
}
// Function to calculate sum of all array
// elements which are palindrome
static int sumOfArray(int[] arr, int n)
{
int s = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if ((arr[i] > 10) && isPalin(arr[i])) {
// summation of all palindrome numbers
// present in array
s += arr[i];
}
}
return s;
}
// Driver Code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int n = 6;
int[] arr = { 12, 313, 11, 44, 9, 1 };
System.out.println(sumOfArray(arr, n));
}
}
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Ellen's laptop has a built-in 802.11n-capable wireless NIC. The wireless NIC worked perfectly yesterday when she loaned it to her nerdy friend Tom. Today, she cannot access the Internet via her wireless NIC. The NIC is not visible in Network Connections nor is it visible in Device Manager. What should she assume first?
Answer:
The NIC is disabled in CMOS
Explanation:
CMOS refers to the Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor. It is a technology that is used to generated integrated circuits.
It can be found in various types like microprocessors, batteries, etc
While on the other hand the NIC refers to the network interface controller in which the component of the computer hardware has connected the computer to its network. It can be done via wired and wireless.
Since in the given situation, it is mentioned that Ellen is not able to access the internet through wireless NIC neither it is visible in network connections nor it is shown in device manager so first she assumes that is nic is disabled in CMOS
and the same is to be considered
who made bars no jutsu
Answer:
he made it
Explanation: Louis [Cap]one
Tilde is working on a contract with the external penetration testing consultants. She does not want any executives to receive spear-phishing emails. Which rule of engagement would cover this limitation?
A. Scope
B. Exploitation
C. Targets
D. Limitations and exclusions
The limitation Tilde wants to impose on not having any executives receive spear-phishing emails would be covered under the "Limitations and exclusions" rule of engagement.
Rule of engagement documents in a contract with external penetration testing consultants outline the terms and conditions, rules, and boundaries for the engagement. The "Limitations and exclusions" section specifically lists any constraints or restrictions that need to be followed during the testing process.In this case, Tilde's requirement of not targeting executives with spear-phishing emails is a limitation that falls under the "Limitations and exclusions" rule of engagement. By clearly stating this limitation, Tilde ensures that the consultants are aware of this restriction and will refrain from executing spear-phishing attacks on executives during the engagement.
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In the short-run, Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a one or several inputs are fixed. b all inputs are fixed. c the product is fixed. d all inputs are variable.
In the short-run, the correct answer is a one or several inputs are fixed.
In economics, the short-run refers to a period of time in which at least one input is fixed while others can be varied. This means that in the short-run, some inputs used in production, such as capital or plant size, are fixed and cannot be easily changed, while other inputs like labor or raw materials can be adjusted. The fixed input(s) represent the factors of production that cannot be altered in the short-run, while the variable input(s) can be adjusted to optimize production. This distinction is important in understanding the relationship between inputs and output levels within a specific time frame. Therefore, in the short-run, not all inputs are fixed (option b), nor are all inputs variable (option d). The correct answer is that one or several inputs are fixed (option a).
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The advancements in which of the following technologies has most changed the American job market in recent years?
A.
computer and Internet
B.
manufacturing
C.
transportation
D.
health care
Which of the following is a possible output sequence from the following program? int main() { if (fork() == 0) { printf("2"); fflush(stdout); exit(0); } else { printf("3"); fflush(stdout); waitpid(-1,
The possible output sequence from the following program is "32". The given program uses fork() function which creates a new process. The code inside the if condition executes in the child process and the code inside the else condition executes in the parent process.
In the given program, the child process prints "2" and the parent process prints "3". Since the parent process code executes after the child process, the output sequence will be "32". Hence, the correct option is (A) "32".Note: The fflush(stdout) function flushes the output buffer of the stream.
The waitpid(-1, NULL, 0) function suspends the execution of the calling process until any child process with a process group ID equal to the value specified by pid (-1 in this case) has ended.
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The high-level program instruction a = b + c is most likely to be translated to which assembly instruction?
The high-level program instruction a = b + c is most likely to be translated to which assembly instruction is option c. Add M[4], M[5], M[6].
What is high-level program referred to as?High-level languages are set up to act or be close to be used by the human operator or any kind of programmer.
Note that they are seen to as "closer to humans." based on the fact that their context is easier to know and implement and as such, The high-level program instruction a = b + c is most likely to be translated to which assembly instruction is option c. Add M[4], M[5], M[6].
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See full question below
The high-level program instruction a = b + c is most likely to be translated to which assembly instruction?
a. Add M[4]
b. Add M[4], M[5]
c. Add M[4], M[5], M[6]
d. Add M[4], M[5], M[6], M[7]
----------------------------
Please summarize into 1.5 pages only
----------------------------
Virtualization
Type 2 Hypervisors
"Hosted" Approach
A hypervisor is software that creates and runs VM ins
Virtualization: It is a strategy of creating several instances of operating systems or applications that execute on a single computer or server. Virtualization employs software to reproduce physical hardware and create virtual versions of computers, servers, storage, and network devices. As a result, these virtual resources can operate independently or concurrently.
Type 2 Hypervisors: Type 2 hypervisors are hosted hypervisors that are installed on top of a pre-existing host operating system. Because of their operation, Type 2 hypervisors are often referred to as "hosted" hypervisors. Type 2 hypervisors offer a simple method of getting started with virtualization. However, Type 2 hypervisors have some limitations, like the fact that they are entirely reliant on the host operating system's performance.
"Hosted" Approach: The hosted approach entails installing a hypervisor on top of a host operating system. This hypervisor uses hardware emulation to create a completely functional computer environment on which several operating systems and applications can run concurrently. In general, the hosted approach is used for client-side virtualization. This method is easy to use and is especially useful for the creation of virtual desktops or the ability to run many operating systems on a single computer.
A hypervisor is software that creates and runs VM instances: A hypervisor, also known as a virtual machine manager, is software that creates and manages virtual machines (VMs). The hypervisor allows several VMs to execute on a single physical computer, which means that the computer's hardware can be utilized more efficiently. The hypervisor's role is to manage VM access to physical resources such as CPU, memory, and I/O devices, as well as to provide VM isolation.
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Task
Part 1/2
create a program which uses a loop to ask the user to enter the following information about their top X favorite movies (where X is an integer entered by the user):
Title (string)
Director (string)
Release Year (int)
IMDB/Letterboxd/Rotten Tomatoes/etc. Rating (double)
This information should be stored in instances of a Movie class you create. These instances should be stored in an array.
Part 2/2
After all X Movie instances have been instantiated and placed in the array, print out the top X movies in a nicely formatted way using a loop. This should be done with a print() method defined by your Movie class. Use the following format (or something similar), not including the HTML tags. Field values are in red for your reference:
by () [ / ]
Note that max_rating should be a constant value dependent on what your maximum rating value is (most likely 5 or 10)
Example Output
User input is colored red for your reference.
How many movies would you like to log? 5
OK, please tell me about your top 5 favorite movies!
Title: 2001: A Space Odyssey
Director: Stanley Kubrick Year: 1968
Rating: 4.3
Title: Interstellar
Director: Christopher Nolan
Year: 2014
Rating: 4.2
Title: Contact
Director: Robert Zemeckis Year: 1997
Rating: 3.7
Title: Moon
Director: Duncan Jones
Year: 2009
Rating: 3.8
Title: Dune
Director: Denis Villeneuve
Year: 2021
Rating: 4.0
Your Top 5 Movies Are:
2001: A Space Odyssey by Stanley Kubrick (1968) [4.3 / 5.0]
Interstellar by Christopher Nolan (2014) [4.2 / 5.0]
Contact by Robert Zemeckis (1997) [3.7 / 5.0]
Moon by Duncan Jones (2009) [3.8 / 5.0]
Dune by Denis Villeneuve (2021) [4.0 / 5.0]
To create a program that captures and displays information about the user's top X favorite movies, you can use a loop and a Movie class. The program will prompt the user to enter details such as the movie's title, director, release year, and rating. This information will be stored in instances of the Movie class and added to an array. Once all the movies have been logged, the program will print out the top X movies in a nicely formatted way using the Movie class's print() method.
To accomplish this task, you will start by creating a Movie class that represents a movie and contains attributes such as title, director, release year, and rating. The class should have a constructor to initialize these attributes and a print() method to display the movie information.
Next, you will prompt the user to enter the number of movies they want to log (X). You will use this value to determine the size of the array that will store the Movie instances.
Inside a loop that iterates X times, you will ask the user to enter the details of each movie. You can use input() statements to capture the title, director, release year, and rating. For example:
```python
title = input("Title: ")
director = input("Director: ")
year = int(input("Year: "))
rating = float(input("Rating: "))
```
With these values, you can create an instance of the Movie class and add it to the array.
After all the movies have been logged, you can use another loop to iterate over the array and call the print() method for each movie instance. This will display the movie information in the desired format.
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Decrypt this secret message if your able to a lot will come..
dNch/dy=8000
Failure
Failure
Failure
The Decrypt message is
dNch/dy=8000FAILUREFAILUREFAILURETo decrypt / decipher an encoded message, it is necessary to know the encryption used (or the encoding method, or the implemented cryptographic principle).
To decrypt the given message, consider the mirror image of each value as
First, the message in first line is the mirror image of alphabets as which coded as
dNch / dy = 8000
and, the remaining three lines have same values which is the mirror image of the word "FAILURE".
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Areas covered in digital governance include data architecture, data ________, data modeling, data warehousing, and data security.
Answer:
quality
Explanation:
Areas covered in digital governance include data architecture, data ________, data modeling, data warehousing, and data security.
quality
For each of the following problems: design an exhaustive search or optimization algorithm that solves the problem; describe your algorithm with clear pseudocode; and prove the time efficiency class of your algorithm.
When writing your pseudocode, you can assume that your audience is familiar with the candidate generation algorithms in this chapter, so you can make statements like "for each subset X of S" without explaining the details of how to generate subsets.
The Pythagorean triple problem is:
input: two positive integers a, b with a < b
output: a Pythagorean triple (x, y, z) such that x, y and z are positive integers, a ≤ x ≤ y ≤ z ≤ b, and
x2 +y2=z2 or None if no such triple exists.
The algorithm adopts a comprehensive technique of searching for Pythagorean sets within the designated interval of [a, b]. see image attached.
What is the optimization algorithmSo, for the above, define the magnitude of the input range as n, where n is equal to the difference between b and a, plus 1. The range is scanned by the algorithm to examine each feasible arrangement of x, y, and z.
If things go as bad as they can, the algorithm will have to check every option for both x and y from a to b. This will cause the time complexity to be O(n^2). The algorithm frequently concludes its search for Pythagorean triples prematurely due to the limitation imposed by a ≤ x ≤ y ≤ z ≤ b.
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OS/2 is an obsolete OS for PCs from IBM. In OS/2, what is commonly embodied in the concept of process in other operating systems is split into three separate types of entities: session, processes, and threads. A session is a collection of one or more processes associated with a user interface (keyboard, display, mouse). The session represents an interactive user application, such as a word processing program or a spreadsheet. This concept allows the personal computer user to open more than one application, giving each one or more windows on the screen. The OS must keep track of which window, and therefore which session, is active, so that keyboard and mouse input are routed to the appropriate session. At any time, one session is in foreground mode, with other sessions in background mode. All keyboard and mouse input is directed to one of the processes of the foreground session, as dictated by the applications. When a session is in foreground mode, a process performing video output sends it directly to the hardware video buffer and thence to the user’s screen. When the session is moved to the background, the hardware video buffer is saved to a logical video buffer for that session. While a session is in background, if any of the threads of any of the processes of that session executes and produces screen output, that output is directed to the logical video buffer. When the session returns to foreground, the screen is updated to reflect the current contents of the logical video buffer for the new foreground session. There is a way to reduce the number of process-related concepts in OS/2 from three to two. Eliminate sessions, and associate the user interface (keyboard, mouse, screen) with processes. Thus one process at a time is in foreground mode. For further structuring, processes can be broken up into threads.
a) What benefits are lost with this approach?
b) If you go ahead with this modification, where do you assign resources (memory, files,
etc. ): at the process or thread level?
First developed by Microsoft and IBM with the help of IBM software designer Ed Iacobucci, OS/2 (Operating System/2) is a family of computer operating systems.
The two firms broke off their collaboration in 1992, and IBM was left to handle all OS/2 development as a result of a dispute between them over how to position OS/2 in relation to Microsoft's new Windows 3.1 operating system. Due to its introduction as a component of IBM's "Personal System/2 (PS/2)" range of second-generation personal computers, the term "Operating System/2" stands for "Operating System/2". Newer OS/2 versions continued to be published up until December 2001 after the initial release of the operating system in December 1987. Resource management software for the operating system that controls how a computer's resources are distributed across various applications.
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