Sort the characteristics into those which are true of bryophytes and those which are true of modern land plants. Drag each item to the correct location.

Here, we need to solve this problem using Ideal gas law ( PV=nRT).

Where –

Now, according to the question –

Calculation –

\(\qquad\) \(\pink{\twoheadrightarrow\bf PV = nRT}\)

\(\qquad\) \(\twoheadrightarrow\sf n = \dfrac{PV}{RT}\)

\(\qquad\) \(\twoheadrightarrow\sf n = \dfrac{ 2.2 \: \:\times 58 \: } {0.0821 \times 313}\)

\(\qquad\) \(\twoheadrightarrow\sf n = \dfrac{ 2.2 \times 58}{0.0821 \times 313} \)

\(\qquad\) \(\twoheadrightarrow\sf n =\dfrac{127.6}{25.7}\)

\(\qquad\) \(\pink{\twoheadrightarrow\bf n = 4.9656 \: moles }\)

_______________________________________

Given Information ,

We have to find the number of moles .

We use here " Ideal Gas Equation" which is

where

n is number of moles

R is universal gas Constant

T is temperature

P is pressure

V is volume

On substituting the value we get

➣ 2.2 × 58 = n × 0.0821 × 313

➣ 127.6 = n × 25.70

➣ 127.6/25.70 = n

➣ 4.96 = n

➣ 5 ≈ n

So, the number of moles are 5 .

Answer:

Explanation:

Here, we want to get the result of zinc reacting with hydrochloric acid

When metallic elements react with hydrochloric acid, the metallic salt and hydrogen gas is formed

What happens in this scenario is that the hydrogen in the mineral acid is displaced by the metal to give the metallic salt and hydrogen gas.

In displacing the hydrogen, the metal must be higher in place than hydrogen in the activity or electrochemical series. Metals that are lesser in place than hydrogen will not be able to displace hydrogen and as such, there will be no reaction

In this present scenario, zinc is higher than hydrogen in the activity series. Thus, it is expected to displace the hydrogen. Thus, on reacting zinc metal with hydrochloric acid, zinc chloride salt and hydrogen gas are the products formed

We have the reaction equation as shown below:

Answer:

\(m_{CO_2}=46.6gCO_2\)

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, considering the combustion of propane:

\(C_3H_8(g)+5O_2(g)\rightarrow 3CO_2(g)+4H_2O(g)\ \ \ \Delta _CH=-2220.0 kJ/mol\)

We can compute the burnt moles of propane as shown below:

\(n=\frac{-784kJ}{-2220.0 kJ/mol} =0.353molC_3H_8\)

Then, by noticing propane and carbon dioxide are in a 1:3 molar ratio, we can compute the grams carbon dioxide by using the shown below stoichiometric procedure:

\(m_{CO_2}=0.353molC_3H_8*\frac{3molCO_2}{1molC_3H_8} *\frac{44gCO_2}{1molCO_2} \\\\m_{CO_2}=46.6gCO_2\)

Best regards.

The half-life of a reaction is the time it takes for the concentration of a reactant to decrease to half its initial value. In a first-order reaction, the rate of the reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. This means that the rate of the reaction depends on the concentration of compound A.

To calculate the half-life of compound A, you can use the equation:

half-life = (ln(2)) / k

where k is the rate constant for the reaction.

Plugging in the values given in the question, we get:

half-life = (ln(2)) / 0.45

This simplifies to:

half-life = 1.44 / 0.45

Which gives us a final result of:

half-life = 3.2 hours

So the half-life of compound A at 250°C is approximately 3.2 hours.

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This experiment shows that the elements of pure solid substance in a system closed off from the surroundings has increased temperature very fast.

Pure substances are substances that are built up of only one kind of particle and have a fixed or abiding structure. Pure substances are further confidential as elements and compounds. An element is a substance that comprises only one type or kind of atom. a pure substance has a constant chemical composition.

No affair where you sample a substance, it is the same. For chemistry, the safest examples of pure substances are elements and compounds. So, examples cover gold, silver, helium, sodium chloride, and pure water.

So we can conclude that In chemistry, a pure substance is an element or compound made up of one type of particle.

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The compound has an empirical formula of \(K_2H_2P_2O_8\) and a molecular formula of \(K_2HPO_4\).

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The correct question would be as

The composition of a compound is 28.73% K. 1.48% H, 22.76% P, and 47.03% O. The molar mass of the compound is 136.1 g/mol. What is the Molecular Formula of the compound?

\(KH_2PO_4\\KH_3PO_4\\K_2H_4P_20_{12}\\K_2H_3PO_6\)

Answer:

7) C. Sodium

8) G. 1 valence electron

Explanation:

A) Ethanol in water: Distillation.

B) Boiling the mixture of chloride crystals with water: Evaporation.

C) Pure water from muddy water: Filtration.

D) Sodium chloride in water: Evaporation or Crystallization.

E) Sodium carbonate in water: Filtration or Evaporation.

F) Chlorophyll from leaves: Extraction using a suitable solvent like ethanol.

G) Mixture of acetic acid and alcohol: Distillation.

H) Serum from blood sample: Centrifugation.

I) Kerosene from water: Separatory funnel or Decantation.

J) Ammonium chloride in sand: Sublimation or Dissolving in water and Filtration.

A) Ethanol in water: Distillation can be used to separate ethanol from water based on their different boiling points.

B) Boiling the mixture of chloride crystals with water: By heating the mixture, the water will evaporate, leaving behind the chloride crystals.

C) Pure water from muddy water: Filtration can be used to separate the solid particles (mud) from the water.

D) Sodium chloride in water: Evaporation can be used to separate sodium chloride from water by heating the mixture until the water evaporates, leaving behind the salt.

E) Sodium carbonate in water: Filtration can be used to separate solid sodium carbonate from water, similar to muddy water.

F) Chlorophyll from leaves: Extraction using a suitable solvent like ethanol or acetone can be used to separate chlorophyll from leaves.

G) Mixture of acetic acid and alcohol: Distillation can be used to separate the mixture based on their different boiling points.

H) Serum from blood sample: Centrifugation can be used to separate the serum, which is the liquid part of blood, from the solid components like cells.

I) Kerosene from water: Separatory funnel or decantation can be used to separate the immiscible liquids by pouring off the top layer (kerosene) from the bottom layer (water).

J) Ammonium chloride in sand: Sublimation can be used to separate ammonium chloride by heating the mixture, causing the ammonium chloride to vaporize and then condense back into solid form in a cooler region, leaving the sand behind.

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Answer:

1) easy compressed

2) fills its container

3) far more space

Explanation:

Potential energy is stored energy in an object. Potential energy is the product of mass of an object, acceleration due to gravity and height of an object where it is placed.

Potential energy = mgh

m = mass of an object

g = acceleration due to gravity

h =  height of an object

The S.I. unit of potential energy is joule and is represented by J.

Kinetic energy is energy of an object due to its movement. Kinetic energy is the product of mass of an object and velocity of an object shown by :-

Kinetic energy = 1/2 mv²

m = mass of an object

v = velocity of an object

The S.I. unit of kinetic energy is joule and is represented by J.

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Answer:

The bubble goes into the atmosphere.

Explanation:

All the dissolved air evaporated from the water when there is 1 atmospheric pressure for a long time because the air is dissolved with high pressure so when the pressure is removed from the gas present in water. The bubble go away from the water solution due to more kinetic energy present in it as compared to lower atmospheric pressure.

We have that for the Question "When the volume of a closed container containing hydrogen gas is increased by a factor of two, how will this affect the number of hydrogen atoms in the container"

Answer:

Explanation:

The number of hydrogen atoms will remain the same in the container. Because the container is closed and amount of hydrogen gas remains constant, which means that no extra amount of hydrogen gas is removed or added from the container when volume increases.

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Answer:

1.5 × 10³ g

Explanation:

Step 1: Given and required data

Step 2: Calculate the temperature change

ΔT = 28.5°C - 22.0 °C = 6.5 °C

Step 3: Calculate the mass (m) of water

We will use the following expression.

Q = c × m × ΔT

m = Q / c × ΔT

m = 41,840 J / (4.184 J/g.°C) × 6.5 °C = 1.5 × 10³ g

0.1M of a solution containing higher hydronium ions is Ba(OH)2. This solution which is also called Barium Hydroxide is an aqueous solution and can provide two hydroxide ions per molecule.

CH3COOH is acetic acid and has zero Hydroniums Ions. NaCl on the other hand will also yield zero hydronium ions when dissolved in a solution.

Hence the solution with the highest Hydronium ions is Ba(OH)2.

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Explanation:

a chemical nomenclature is a set of rules to generate systematic names for chemical compounds.

Answer:

D. Add more HCl

Explanation:

The nucleophile in a Friedel-Crafts reaction is the alkyl or acyl group attached to the Lewis acid catalyst.

In a Friedel-Crafts reaction, a Lewis acid catalyst, such as aluminum chloride (AlCl3) or iron(III) chloride (FeCl3), is used to activate an alkyl or acyl halide to make it a better electrophile. The activated alkyl or acyl group then acts as the nucleophile, attacking the aromatic ring of the substrate to form a new carbon-carbon bond.

The overall reaction can be summarized as follows:
R-X + AlCl3 → R+ + AlCl4- (activation of the alkyl or acyl halide)
R+ + Ar-H → Ar-R + H+ (nucleophilic attack on the aromatic ring)

In this reaction, the nucleophile is the R group, which can be an alkyl or acyl group. The Lewis acid catalyst activates the alkyl or acyl halide, making it a better electrophile and allowing it to attack the aromatic ring.

The end result is the formation of a new carbon-carbon bond between the alkyl or acyl group and the aromatic ring.

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The molecular formula of the compound is determined as P₂F₄.

Molecular formula tells us which atoms and how many of each type of atom are present in the molecule.

Molar mass of CaF₂ is 78.07 g/mol(0.2631 g  CaF₂) × (1 mol  CaF₂ / 78.07 g  CaF₂) = 0.00337 mol  CaF₂

2F- + Ca₂+ →  CaF₂

(0.00337 mol  CaF₂) × (2 mol F / 1 mol  CaF₂) = 0.00674 mol F

As, Molar mass of F is 18.9984 g/mol

So, (0.00674 mol F) × (18.9984 g F / 1 mol F) = 0.12805 g F

1 mmHg = 0.00131578947 atm

(97.3 mmHg) × (0.00131578947 atm / 1 atm) = 0.128 atm

(378 cm³) × (1L / 1000 cm³) = 0.378 L

Now, T = 77 + 273 = 350 K

As, PV = nRT

n(PxFy) = PV / RT

n(PxFy) = (0.128 atm × 0.378 L) / (0.0821 L atm mol-1 K-1 × 350 K) = 0.001684 mol

n(PxFy) = 0.001684 mol

n(PxFy) = m(PxFy) / M(PxFy)

M(PxFy) = m(PxFy) / n(PxFy) = (0.2324 g) / (0.001684 mol) = 138 g/mol

m(PxFy) = m(P) + m(F)

0.2324 g = m(P) + 0.12805 g

m(P) = 0.2324 - 0.12805 = 0.10435

m(P) = 0.10435 g

Molar mass of P is 30.9737 g/mol

so, (0.10435 g P) × (1 mol P / 30.9737 g P) = 0.003369 mol P

Now, n(P) : n(F) = 0.003369 mol : 0.00674 mol = 1 : 2

Therefore, empirical formula of PxFy is PF₂

Molar mass of PF₂ 68.9705 g/mol

Molecular formula of PxFy is ( PF₂)n

n = M(PxFy) / M( PF₂) = (138) / (68.9705) = 2

Therefore, the molecular formula of PxFy is P₂F₄.

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Answer:

220 cm²

Explanation:

We can find the area of the polygon by splitting it into two simple figures: a triangle and a rectangle.

First, we can find the area of the rectangle:

Area of rect. = length × width

↓ plugging in the given side lengths

Area of rect. = 18 cm × 11 cm

Area of rect. = 198 cm²

Next, we can find the area of the triangle.

Area of triangle = (1/2) × base × height

To do this, we need to solve for the triangle's base length and height.

height = 15 cm - 11 cm = 4 cm

base = 18 cm - 7 cm = 11 cm

Now, plugging the height into the triangle area formula:

Area of triangle = (1/2) × 11 cm × 4 cm

Area of triangle = 22 cm²

Finally, we can find the area of the polygon by adding the area of the rectangle and the area of the triangle.

Area of polygon = (Area of rect.) + (Area of triangle)

Area of polygon = 198 cm² + 22 cm²

Area of polygon = 220 cm²

The chemical formula for sulfuric acid is H2SO4.

Detailed explanation:

This means that there are 2 atoms of hydrogen, 1 atom of sulfur, and 4 atoms of oxygen in a single molecule. Hope this helps!

The answer is H2SO4.

The student pulling out the pH electrode from the titration beaker and rinsing it off with DI water into a waste container several times during the titration will not significantly affect the measured equivalent mass.

This is because the equivalent mass of a substance is determined by the stoichiometry of the reaction, which is not influenced by the pH electrode or the rinsing process. However, it is important to note that if the student is rinsing the electrode with a significant amount of water, it could dilute the solution and affect the accuracy of the titration. Therefore, it is recommended to use a minimal amount of water during the rinsing process to minimize any potential dilution effect.

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Commercial agriculture often leads to water-quality problems as a result of run-offs and agrochemical discharge.

Most commercial agriculture requires the use of agrochemicals and fertilizers.

Agrochemicals such as insecticides and herbicides are poisonous to aquatic biodiversity when run-offs are discharged from farmlands to water bodies.

Fertilizer run-offs into water bodies also cause nutrient enrichment, leading to eutrophication.

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The name of the salt tells us that:

a) there is just one other element combined with the metal by looking at the suffix of the salt's name.

b) the presence of oxygen in a salt can be indicated by the name of the salt.

a) The name of a salt can tell us that there is just one other element combined with the metal by looking at the suffix of the salt's name. If the salt name ends in "-ide," it indicates that the salt is composed of a metal and a single non-metal element.
For example, sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium bromide (KBr) are salts where the metal (sodium and potassium) is combined with a single non-metal element (chlorine and bromine, respectively). The "-ide" suffix suggests the presence of only one other element in the salt.

b) The presence of oxygen in a salt can be indicated by the name of the salt. If the salt name includes the element oxygen, it suggests that oxygen is present in the salt compound.
For example, sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) and calcium sulfate (CaSO₄) contain the element oxygen in their chemical formulas. The presence of oxygen in the salt is implied by the name and the combination of elements in the compound.

Therefore, the name of salt tells us that there is just one other element combined with the metal and there is oxygen present in the salt

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Table salt does not melt on the stove, it dissolves in water and does not conduct electricity.

There are several substances listed in the table Epsom salt is another one of these substances. It does not melt on a stove, it dissolves in water and also conducts electricity.

Finally, potassium chloride does not melt on the stove, it dissolves in water and it does conduct electricity. These are the experiences one can have with these common substances.

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Answer:

\(1.05x10^{24}atoms\)

Explanation:

Hello!

In this case, according to the definition of the Avogadro's number, it is possible to realize that one molecule of CO2 contains 3 moles of atoms, one of carbon and two of oxygen, thus, we have:

\(0.580molCO_2*\frac{3mol\ atoms}{1molCO_2} =1.74mol\ atoms\)

Then, we use the Avogadro's number to obtain:

\(1.74mol\ atoms*\frac{6.022x10^{23}atoms}{1mol\ atoms} \\\\1.05x10^{24}atoms\)

Best regards!

This representation suggests that the element is phosphorus (P) with a mass number of 30, which is incorrect. The correct mass number for phosphorus is approximately 30.97. The incorrect representation for a neutral atom is 36Li

To determine the correct representation for a neutral atom, we need to consider the atomic number (Z) and mass number (A) of the element. The atomic number represents the number of protons in the nucleus, while the mass number represents the sum of protons and neutrons.

Let's analyze the given representations:

36Li:

This representation suggests that the element is lithium (Li) with a mass number of 36, which is incorrect. The correct mass number for lithium is approximately 6.94.

613C:

This representation suggests that the element is carbon (C) with a mass number of 13, which is correct. Carbon has different isotopes, and 13C represents one of its stable isotopes.

3063Cu:

This representation suggests that the element is copper (Cu) with a mass number of 63, which is correct. Copper has different isotopes, and 63Cu represents one of its stable isotopes.

1530P:

This representation suggests that the element is phosphorus (P) with a mass number of 30, which is incorrect. The correct mass number for phosphorus is approximately 30.97.

Therefore, the incorrect representation for a neutral atom is 36Li, as it does not match the known properties of lithium.

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Answer:

.853 M

Explanation:

(72.1 g / 342.3 g/mole) / (246.8 ml /1000 ml/l )= .853 M

The enthalpy of combustion for 1kg of urea is -1223525.84 J/mol.

Urea is a compound that is used in fertilizers and in some plastics.The enthalpy of combustion for urea is the amount of energy that is released when urea is burned. In order to calculate the enthalpy of combustion for 1kg of urea, we need to use the information that is provided to us in the question. Let us start by writing down the balanced equation for the combustion of urea: CO(NH2)2 + 3/2 O2 → CO2 + 2H2O + N2
The balanced equation shows that 1 mole of urea reacts with 1.5 moles of oxygen gas to produce 1 mole of carbon dioxide, 2 moles of water, and 1 mole of nitrogen gas. The enthalpy change for this reaction is equal to the amount of energy that is released when 1 mole of urea is burned.
The heat of combustion (ΔHc) of urea is -632.6 kJ/mol. This means that 632.6 kJ of energy is released when 1 mole of urea is burned. We know that 12g of urea raised the temperature of water by 30°C. We can use this information to calculate the amount of energy that was released when 12g of urea was burned.
The specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J/g°C. This means that it takes 4.18 J of energy to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C. Therefore, it takes 4.18 x 1000 = 4180 J of energy to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C.
We know that 12g of urea raised the temperature of water by 30°C. Therefore, the amount of energy that was released when 12g of urea was burned is:
Energy = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change
Energy = 0.012 kg x 4180 J/kg°C x 30°C
Energy = 1497.6 J
We can now use this information to calculate the enthalpy of combustion for 1kg of urea:
Enthalpy of combustion = energy released / moles of urea burned
Enthalpy of combustion = 1497.6 J / (0.012 kg / 60.06 g/mol)
Enthalpy of combustion = - 1223525.84 J/mol
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Answer:K2X

Explanation: Valency can be defined as the combining power of an element. It is the valency that dictates the value an element will have when writing a chemical formula for its compound.

MgX is a compound of magnesium and an element X. The valency of magnesium in most of its compound is +2. Now for the 2 to have been absent in the chemical formula, this shows that the element X itself have a valency if -2 for the valencies of both to have canceled out.

Now considering the element potassium, it is an alkaline metal belonging to group 1 of the periodic table. Hence, it is expected that it has a valency of +1

Forming a compound with element X means there would be an exchange of valencies between the two. We have established that x has a valency of -2. The formula of the compound thus formed by exchanging the valencies of both element would be K2X

The chemical formula for the compound formed between Lithium and element X is Li₂X.

Valency can be described as the combining power of a chemical element. It is the valency that describes the value an element will have in the chemical formula for that compound.

MgX compound is a compound of magnesium and an element X. The valency of magnesium is +2.  The chemical formula shows that the element X itself has a valency of -2 which gave a neutral compound.

Now given element is Lithium, it is an alkali metal of group 1 of the periodic table. It has a valency of +1 as it has one electron in its valence shell.

Forming a compound with element X, there will be an exchange of valencies between the two. As element X has a valency of -2. The formula of the formed compound by exchanging the valencies of Lithium and element X would be Li₂X

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