Separations of solids, liquids, and gasses are necessary in nearby all chemical and allied process
industries. These processes often involve mass transfer between two phases and comprises
techniques such as distillation, gas absorption, dehumidification, adsorption, liquid extraction,
leaching, membrane separation, and other methods. Select any three techniques commonly used
in chemical process industries
Task expected from student:
a Identity the process industries in Oman where these mass transter operations are
deployed and discuss their uses in process industry.
b)
Discuss the principle involved in these mass transfer operations with neat sketch.
Answers
In chemical process industries, there are several techniques commonly used for mass transfer operations. Three of these techniques are distillation, gas absorption, and membrane separation.
1. Distillation: Distillation is a widely used technique for separating liquid mixtures based on the differences in their boiling points. It involves heating the mixture to vaporize the more volatile component and then condensing it back into a liquid. The condensed liquid is collected separately, resulting in the separation of the components. Distillation is commonly used in industries such as petroleum refining, petrochemical production, and alcoholic beverage production.
2. Gas Absorption: Gas absorption, also known as gas scrubbing, is used to remove one or more components from a gas mixture using a liquid solvent. The gas mixture is passed through a tower or column, where it comes into contact with the liquid solvent. The desired component(s) are absorbed into the liquid phase, while the remaining gas exits the tower. Gas absorption is employed in industries like air pollution control, natural gas processing, and wastewater treatment.
3. Membrane Separation: Membrane separation involves the use of semi-permeable membranes to separate different components in a mixture based on their size or molecular weight. The mixture is passed through the membrane, which allows certain components to pass through while retaining others. This technique is used in various industries, including water treatment, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and food processing. Membrane separation can be further classified into techniques such as reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, and nanofiltration.
In Oman, the process industries where these mass transfer operations are deployed include the petroleum refining industry, chemical manufacturing industry, and water treatment plants.
To discuss the principles involved in these mass transfer operations with neat sketches:
1. Distillation: The principle of distillation relies on the fact that different components in a liquid mixture have different boiling points. By heating the mixture, the component with the lower boiling point vaporizes first, while the component with the higher boiling point remains in the liquid phase. The vapor is then condensed and collected separately. A simple sketch of a distillation setup would include a distillation flask, a condenser, and collection vessels for the distillate and residue.
2. Gas Absorption: Gas absorption involves the principle of bringing a gas mixture into contact with a liquid solvent. The desired component(s) in the gas mixture dissolve into the liquid phase due to their solubility. This is typically achieved using a packed column or a tray tower, where the gas and liquid flow countercurrently. A sketch of a gas absorption setup would include a tower or column packed with suitable packing material and separate streams for the gas and liquid.
3. Membrane Separation: The principle of membrane separation is based on the selective permeability of membranes. The membranes used in this process have specific pore sizes or molecular weight cut-offs, allowing certain components to pass through while rejecting others. The sketch of a membrane separation system would show a feed stream passing through a membrane module, with the desired components passing through the membrane and the rejected components being collected separately.
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Related Questions
volume of a sphere = 4/3pir^3 where r is the radius volume of a cone = 1/3pir^2h where r is the radius and h is the height the shape below is made from a cone and a hemisphere work out the volume of the shape give your answer to the nearest integer 8cm 12cm
Answers
Answer: To find the volume of the combined shape, we need to find the volume of the cone and the volume of the hemisphere and add them together.
For the cone:
Volume = 1/3 * pi * r^2 * h
Where r is the radius and h is the height. In this case, r = 8 cm and h = 12 cm. So,
Volume = 1/3 * pi * 8^2 * 12 = (1/3) * pi * 64 * 12 = 256 * pi cm^3
For the hemisphere:
Volume = (2/3) * pi * r^3
Where r is the radius. In this case, r = 8 cm. So,
Volume = (2/3) * pi * 8^3 = (2/3) * pi * 512 cm^3
Adding the volumes of the cone and the hemisphere, we have:
Volume = 256 * pi + (2/3) * pi * 512 cm^3 = 256 * pi + 341.3333 * pi cm^3
To the nearest integer, the volume of the combined shape is:
Volume = round(256 * pi + 341.3333 * pi) = round(597.3333 * pi) = 1876 cm^3
Step-by-step explanation:
a ticket to an evening performance of a play costs $3 more than a ticket to an afternoon performance. you can buy 8 evening tickets for the same price as 10 afternoon tickets. what is the cost of an afternoon ticket
Answers
The cost of an afternoon ticket is $12.
An algebraic expression is the combination of numbers and variables in expressing and solving a particular mathematical question.
Let x = cost of an afternoon ticket
If a ticket to an evening performance of a play costs $3 more than a ticket to an afternoon performance, then
cost of an evening ticket = 3 + x.
If 8 evening tickets is the same price as 10 afternoon tickets, then
8(3 + x) = 10x.
Simplify the equation and solve for the value of x.
8(3 + x) = 10x
24 + 8x = 10x
2x = 24
x = 12
cost of an afternoon ticket = $12
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Using the standard error of the mean that you calculated using the population standard deviation, determine the probability of getting a difference between the sample mean and the population mean that is this large by chance. What does this probability tell you?
Answers
The probability of obtaining a difference between the sample mean and the population mean as large as the one calculated by chance is very low.
The standard error of the mean, calculated using the population standard deviation, provides an estimate of the variability of sample means around the population mean. By determining the probability of obtaining a difference between the sample mean and the population mean that is as large as the one calculated, we can assess the likelihood of this difference occurring by chance.
The standard error of the mean measures the average amount of variability or dispersion that can be expected in sample means. It takes into account the sample size and the population standard deviation. When we calculate the probability of obtaining a difference between the sample mean and the population mean as large as the one observed, we are essentially assessing how likely it is for such a large difference to occur due to random sampling variation.
A low probability suggests that the observed difference is unlikely to be due to chance alone. It indicates that there is a significant discrepancy between the sample mean and the population mean. In other words, the result is statistically significant, indicating that the sample mean is significantly different from the population mean.
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Pleaseeee helpppp !!!!!!!! Will mark Brianliest !!!!!!!!!!!!!
Answers
Answer:
These are similar triangles.
By changing the length of the base of the corresponding triangle, the 3 interior angles of this triangle remain equal to the original
Therefore, if these triangles are similar, their corresponding sides must give equal ratios to each other:
This means that BF/FE = BC/CD=FC/ED
The total length of line segment BD=BC+CD; BC=6, CD=42; BD=6+42, BD=48
BE=BF+FE; BE=9+?
if BF/FE=BC/CD then 9/BE=6/42; 6/42=3/21 or 1/7. 9/BE=1/7; 1/7=9/BE
1x9=9, 7x9=63
63=BE
Step-by-step explanation:
Answer:BE is equal to 72.
Step-by-step explanation: They are similar triangles. We know CD and BC. So we can find the comparison between the two. And we see that BC x 7 = CD. So the same will be said for BF and FE. We have BF is equal to 9. So 9 x 7 = 63. However, now we need to add the two together in order to get BE. Because BF + FE = BE. So 9 + 63 = 72
Solve for x. I don't know how to do this. Please help.
Answers
EXPLANATION:
5x+4+5x+11+x=180
11x+15=180
-15 -15
11x=165
— ——
11 11
x=15
13x + 2 = 41
List the steps to fom 13x + 2
Answers
Answer: 13x + 2 = 41 = 3
Step-by-step explanation:
Step 1: Subtract 2 from both sides.
13x+2−2=41−2
13x=39
Step 2: Divide both sides by 13.
13x
13
=
39
13
x=3
A group of scientists have been studying the rate at which a certain strain of bacteria grows. The scientists started with a single bacterium, and this particular sample doubles once every 24 hours. From this information, they have determined that the function for the growth of the bacterial sample is
b(t) = 2t
where t represents the amount of time that has passed in days and b(t) represents the number of bacteria in the sample at time t.
One scientist wants to examine the growth only between days 2 and 6 (inclusive). What are the minimum and maximum values of the bacterial population along this interval?
Answers
The minimum value of the bacterial population on the interval [2, 6] is 4, and the maximum value is 64.
How to find the minimum and the maximum valueTo find the minimum and maximum values of the bacterial population along the interval [2, 6], we need to evaluate the function b(t) at t = 2 and t = 6, respectively, and then compare the results.
at t = 2
b(2) = 2^2 = 4, which means that after 2 days, the sample has 4 bacteria.
at t = 6
b(6) = 2^6 = 64, which means that after 6 days, the sample has 64 bacteria.
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Match each polynomial expression to is additive inverse
Answers
Answer:
hope you get it ........
here is a screenie of the answer !!
can someone help me with this, i don’t really understand it
Answers
Answer:
vertical angle s
Step-by-step explanation:
cause the form a 180º angel
Hemanta bought a pen of Rs 75 and sold it at a profit of Rs 3.80. What is the selling price of the pen?
Answers
Answer:
78.80
Step-by-step explanation:
just add the two values
Which expression is equivalent to startfraction 10 x superscript 6 baseline y superscript 12 baseline over negative 5 x superscript negative 2 baseline y superscript negative 6 baseline endfraction? assume x not-equals 0, y not-equals 0.
Answers
\(3/ 5x^6*y^6\) is the solution f the expression \((-9x^-1*y^-9) / (-15x^5*y^-3)\)
Given expression:
(-9x^-1*y^-9) / (-15x^5*y^-3)
As we know, any number with negative power can be written in inverse form with positive power.
\(x^-a = 1/x^a\)
Two number having same base their powers are added:
\(x^a + x^b = x^a+b\)
\(= > (-9x^-1*y^-9) / (-15x^5*y^-3)= (-3x^-1*y^-9) / (-5x^5*y^-3)\\=3/(5x^6 y^6)\)
Hence the solution would be \(3 (5x^6 y^6)\).
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Answer:
b
Step-by-step explanation:
Use cubic regression to find a function that fits the following points.
Answers
Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
To use the regression function on your calculator, first hit STAT then choose 1:Edit by pressing ENTER. Then a table pops up. If it's not clear, arrow up to L1, hit CLEAR then ENTER and the table empties. Do the same with L2. Arrow left and right as needed to get from one column to the other. Then in L1 enter the x values one at a time, hitting ENTER after each. When all the x values are in, arrow over to L2 and enter the y values in the same way.
Next, hit STAT again, then right arrow over to CALC. Choose 6:CubicReg by either arrowing down to it or by pressing 6. If you have a TI 83+, the equation comes right up for you; if you have a TI 84+ or 84+CE, you have to arrow down to CALCULATE and hit ENTER to get your equation. The equation is
\(-2x^3+2x^2-4x+3\) with a coefficient correlation (r-squared) value of 1 which means this is a perfect equation for this data and all the points you entered into the table fall perfectly on this curve.
Find X
Please help me answer this question and explain to me how you got that answer.Thank you.
Answers
Based on the two-tangent theorem, the value of x is calculated in the circle as: x = 2.
How to Find x Using the Two-Tangent Theorem?Based on the two-tangent theorem, if two tangents are drawn from a circle to meet each other at any point outside the circle, then the lengths of the tangents are congruent to each other, that is, they are equal.
Therefore, we would create the following equation based on the two-tangent theorem:
20x + 6 = 10x + 26
Combine like terms:
20x - 10x = -6 + 26
10x = 20
Divide both sides by 10:
10x/10 = 20/10
x = 2
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the equality v · v = kvk 2 holds for all vectors v in r n . True or False
Answers
The formula v · v = kvk2 can be seen to hold for all vectors in Rn, as the dot product of a vector and itself is equal to the magnitude of the vector squared.
The formula v · v = kvk2 is true for all vectors v in Rn. This is because the dot product of a vector and itself is equal to the magnitude of the vector squared. The dot product of two vectors is defined as the sum of the products of their components. Therefore, when a vector v is multiplied by itself, the result is the sum of the squares of all its components. The magnitude of a vector is defined as the square root of the sum of the squares of its components. Thus, the formula v · v = kvk2 can be seen to hold for all vectors in Rn, as the dot product of a vector and itself is equal to the magnitude of the vector squared.
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let do be the nondeterministic loop do x ≠ 0 ➞ x := x-1; y := y 1 ☐ x ≠ 0 ➞ x := x-1; y := y 2 od
Answers
Thus, the output of the loop is non-deterministic.
Let us consider the loop and the conditions given:
While the condition `x ≠ 0` holds, the loop will continue.
Within the loop, there are two possible paths: `y:=y1` or `y:=y2`.
Since the path to take is non-deterministic, there are two possible outputs:
Either y will be assigned a value of y1 or y2.
Here, it is impossible to determine which assignment will be executed; there is no way to know if x will be decremented once or twice.
This demonstrates that the behavior is non-deterministic, and the possible outputs are `[y1,y2]`.
Thus, the output of the loop is non-deterministic.
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❗️❗️❗️HELP❗️❗️❗️
Use f(x) and g(x) to answer the question.
f(x) = x +4
g(x) = x – 2
What is the product (fºg)(x)?
Answers
Answer:
Correct answer is the first one x^2 + 2x - 8
because (x + 4) (x - 2)
= x ^2 + 4x - 2x - 8
= x^2 + 2x - 8
excel displays the error message ____ in cells to indicate a divide by zero error.
Answers
Excel displays the error message "#DIV/0!" in cells to indicate a divide-by-zero error. This occurs when a formula attempts to divide a value by zero, which is mathematically undefined. To resolve this error, you can check the input values and formulas in your spreadsheet to ensure they are valid and avoid division by zero.
In Excel, when a formula attempts to divide a value by zero, the software will display the error message "#DIV/0!" in the affected cells. This is a helpful indication to the user that the calculation has failed and that the formula needs to be adjusted. It is important to note that this error message can impact other calculations in the spreadsheet, so it is important to resolve it as soon as possible to prevent inaccuracies in the data. Excel provides several ways to handle divide-by-zero errors, such as using the IFERROR function or adjusting the formula to include an IF statement to avoid errors.
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In a transportation problem, the activities correspond to the shipping lanes while the _______ of each activity is the quantity shipped.
Answers
In a transportation problem, the activities correspond to the shipping lanes while the supply of each activity is the quantity shipped.
In the transportation problem, activities are the shipping lanes that are taken to transport goods from sources to destinations.
The quantities to be shipped are known as supplies or availabilities. The transportation problem is a linear programming problem that is used to determine how to allocate resources to obtain a minimum cost or maximum profit.The transportation problem is one of the most widely used problems in linear programming. It is used to solve many real-world problems such as supply chain management, production planning, and logistics.
In the transportation problem, we are given a set of sources and a set of destinations. The supply and demand at each source and destination are also given. The objective is to minimize the total cost of transporting the goods from sources to destinations while satisfying the demand and supply constraints.
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how does DIAMETER of wire affect:
Strength
range
stiffness
Answers
The diameter of a wire significantly impacts its strength, range, and stiffness.
1. Strength: As the diameter of a wire increases, its overall strength improves. A larger cross-sectional area allows the wire to withstand greater forces before breaking. This is because the increased material can distribute force more effectively, resulting in enhanced tensile strength.
2. Range: The diameter of a wire also influences its range or length. Thicker wires tend to have shorter range capabilities compared to thinner wires. As the diameter increases, the weight and stiffness of the wire rise as well, making it harder to extend or coil over long distances. Conversely, thinner wires are more flexible and lightweight, enabling them to cover greater lengths.
3. Stiffness: Lastly, the diameter of a wire impacts its stiffness, which is the resistance of the wire to bending or deformation. With a larger diameter, the stiffness of the wire increases due to the higher amount of material present. This means that it requires more force to bend or change the shape of the wire, resulting in greater rigidity. On the other hand, wires with smaller diameters are more pliable and can easily be bent or manipulated.
In summary, the diameter of a wire plays a crucial role in determining its strength, range, and stiffness. Thicker wires exhibit enhanced strength and stiffness but may have limited range capabilities, while thinner wires are more flexible and suitable for longer distances but may not be as strong or rigid.
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Which of the following is the result of the equation below after completing the square and factoring? x^2+3x+8=6
Answers
Answer:
D
Step-by-step explanation:
nd the slope of the line that passes through (17, -1) and (98, 84).
Simplify your answer and write it as a proper fraction, improper fraction, or integer.
Answers
Answer: \(\frac{38}{35}\)
Step-by-step explanation:
To find the slope, you would use the equation \(\frac{y_{2}-y_{1} }{x_{2}-x_{1} }\). With the given points, we can plug them into this equation.
\(\frac{-20-56}{11-81} =\frac{-76}{-70}=\frac{76}{70} =\frac{38}{35}\)
Answer:
\( = \frac{85}{81} \)
Step-by-step explanation:
\((81 \: \: ,\: \: 56) = > (x1 \: \: \: , \: \: y1) \\ (11 \: \: \: \: , \: -20) = > (x2 \: \: \: , \: \: y2)\)
\(slope \\ = \frac{y1 - y2}{x1 - x2} \\ = \frac{ 56-(-20)}{81-11} \\ = \frac{76 }{7 0} \\ = \frac{38}{35} \)
hope this helps
brainliest appreciated
good luck! have a nice day!
if the number of times you take the test were independent of the chance you fail what could that mean?
Answers
if the number of times you take the test were independent variable of the chance you fail what could that mean the difficulty of the test is consistent and unchanging.
The difficulty of the test is consistent and unchanging, making it so that the chance of failing is solely determined by the individual's performance on the test. Factors such as knowledge of the subject and the ability to focus can play a role in a person's success, but the actual chance of failing is not affected by how many times the test is taken. This means that those who fail the test will have to work harder and prepare better in order to pass it on the next attempt. Taking the test multiple times does not guarantee a higher chance of success, as the difficulty remains the same each time due to independent variable.
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Find the slope of the line passing through the points (-6, -5) and (4,4).
Answers
Answer:
9/10 or 0.9
Step-by-step explanation:
Slope of a line passing through two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is given by
Slope m = rise/run
where
rise = y2 - y1
run = x2 - x1
Given points (- 6, - 5) and (4, 4),
rise = 4 - (-5) = 4 + 5 = 9
run = 4 - ( - 6) = 4 + 6 = 10
Slope = rise/run = 9/10 or 0.9
14m + 5i - 65 + 75 - 81 + 115 - 95 - 41 + 10p - 3p + 5i
what would the simplified expression be?
Answers
Answer:
14m+10i+7p-92
NEED HELP!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Answers
Answer:
5x - 4
Step-by-step explanation:
4x - 2 + x - 2
simplify
5x - 4
hope this helps <3
Automated manufacturing operations are quite precise but still vary, often with distribution that are close to Normal. The width in inches of slots cut by a milling machine follows approximately the N(0.8,0.0009) distribution. The specifications allow slot widths between 0.79975 and 0.80025. What proportion of slots meet these specifications?
Answers
The proportion of slots meet these specifications is : approximately 0.9328 or 93.28% .
To calculate the proportion of slots that meet the specifications, we need to find the area under the normal distribution curve between the given limits.
Mean (μ) = 0.8
Standard deviation (σ) = √0.0009 ≈ 0.03
We can use the Z-score formula to standardize the values and find the corresponding probabilities. The Z-score is calculated as (X - μ) / σ, where X is the slot width value.
For the lower limit:
Z-score = (0.79975 - 0.8) / 0.03 ≈ -0.0833
For the upper limit:
Z-score = (0.80025 - 0.8) / 0.03 ≈ 0.0833
Now, we can use a standard normal distribution table or a calculator to find the cumulative probability associated with these Z-scores.
Using the Z-table, the cumulative probability for the lower limit Z-score of -0.0833 is approximately 0.4671, and the cumulative probability for the upper limit Z-score of 0.0833 is approximately 0.5329.
To find the proportion of slots that meet the specifications, we subtract the lower cumulative probability from the upper cumulative probability:
Proportion = 0.5329 - 0.4671 ≈ 0.0658 or 6.58%
Therefore, approximately 6.58% of slots do not meet the specifications, while the remaining 93.42% or approximately 93.28% of slots meet the specifications.
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The given question seems to be missing the z score table, so providede below
Z | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.05 | ...
------------------------------------------------------------------
0.0 | 0.0000| 0.0040| 0.0080| 0.0120| 0.0160| 0.0199| ...
0.1 | 0.0398| 0.0438| 0.0478| 0.0517| 0.0557| 0.0596| ...
0.2 | 0.0793| 0.0832| 0.0871| 0.0910| 0.0948| 0.0987| ...
0.3 | 0.1179| 0.1217| 0.1255| 0.1293| 0.1331| 0.1368| ...
0.4 | 0.1554| 0.1591| 0.1628| 0.1664| 0.1700| 0.1736| ...
Solve the following quadratic equation for all values of x in simplest form.
3(x-5)^2=33
Answers
The value of x for the given quadratic expression is x = 5 ± √11.
What is an expression?The mathematical expression combines numerical variables and operations denoted by addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division signs.
Mathematical symbols can be used to represent numbers (constants), variables, operations, functions, brackets, punctuation, and grouping. They can also denote the logical syntax's operation order and other properties.
Given expression is 3(x-5)²=33. The value of x will be calculated as,
3(x-5)²=33
(x - 5 )² = 11
(x - 5 ) = ±√11
x = 5 ± √11
Therefore, the value of x for the given quadratic expression is x = 5 ± √11.
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13: Mr.Jones has 34 3 4 cup of fertilizer. He will use a 18 1 8 cup measuring scoop to pour all of the fertilizer onto his plants. How many times will Mr. Jones fill the measuring scoop with fertilizer
Answers
Answer:
1,120/580 equals to 56/29 or 1 27/29
Step-by-step explanation:
Make these fraction into improper fractions
Then divide 140/4 by 145/8
what would be an appropriate viewing rectangle to show two periods of the function?
Answers
Vertical Axis: The vertical extent ranges from the maximum to the minimum points of the two periods. In the case of f(x) = sin(x), the range would be -1 to 1.
To show two periods of the function, an appropriate viewing rectangle would be the one that ranges from one point of one period to the corresponding point of the second period, and the vertical extent ranges from the maximum to the minimum points of the two periods.
For example, we want to graph the function f(x) = sin(x) over the interval [0, 6π].
To show two periods of the function in this interval, we must first determine the period of the function.
In this case, the period of the sine function is 2π.
Therefore, we can graph two periods of the function by using a viewing rectangle that ranges from 0 to 4π on the horizontal axis (one point of the first period to the corresponding point of the second period) and ranges from -1 to 1 on the vertical axis (the minimum and maximum points of the two periods).
So, an appropriate viewing rectangle to show two periods of the function would be:
Horizontal Axis: Range from one point of one period to the corresponding point of the second period. In the case of f(x) = sin(x), the range would be 0 to 4π.
Vertical Axis: The vertical extent ranges from the maximum to the minimum points of the two periods. In the case of f(x) = sin(x), the range would be -1 to 1.
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How much money does Donald have after 5 years if he invested $15,000 at 1.75% compounded continuously?
Answers
Answer:
$ 16371.63
Step-by-step explanation:
Future Value = present value * e^(i*t)
FV = 15000 e^(.0175 * 5 ) = 16371.63