select the part of the brain that may have the least effect on the classical brain reward system. a. amygdala b. nucleus accumbens c. cerebellum d. ventral tegmental area (vta)

Answers

Answer 1

D. Ventral Tegmental  Area (VTA). When we engage in rewarding experiences, such as indulging in delicious food, engaging in sex, or abusing addictive substances.

A series of brain structures called the reward systems are triggered. Along the brain's principal dopaminergic pathways, there are structures that are thought to be a part of this reward system. The key neurotransmitter connected to rewards and pleasure is dopamine, which the brain responds to by releasing more of in response to pleasurable stimuli. The ventral tegmental region (VTA), which is part of the midbrain, is where dopamine is most frequently made. The two primary mechanisms by which dopamine is transferred from the VTA to other regions of the brain are the mesolimbic and the mesocorticol dopamine pathways.

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Related Questions

How would the death of a high mass star differ from the death of our Sun?

Answers

Answer:

7m years of date of death is the sun explode

ANSWER QUICK PLS!!
What part of a greenhouse is similar to the greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere?

- the plants
- the glass
- the soil
- the sunlight

Answers

The glass— It retains heat within the greenhouse like how greenhouse gases trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere.

pulmonary edema maybe characterized by each of the following except: wheezing pallor rapid respirations decreased fluid in the alveoli and interstitial spaces of the lungs painful respirations

Answers

The correct option is D; Decreased fluid in the alveoli and interstitial spaces of the lungs.

Decreased fluid in the alveoli and interstitial spaces of the lungs is a characteristic feature of pulmonary edema. Pulmonary edema is a medical condition in which excess fluid accumulates in the lung tissue, causing the alveoli (the air sacs in the lungs) to fill with fluid, which leads to difficulty breathing. This fluid accumulation can be caused by various factors, including heart failure, lung disease, or injury. The fluid accumulation leads to the compression of the air sacs and the surrounding tissues, which impairs the exchange of gases between the lungs and the bloodstream. As a result, the lungs are unable to effectively oxygenate the blood, leading to shortness of breath, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.  

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Full Question ;

Pulmonary edema maybe characterized by each of the following EXCEPT:

A) wheezing

B) rapid respirations

C) painful respirations

D) decreased fluid in the alveoli and interstitial spaces of the lungs

E) pallor

A tetrahedral die is an equilateral triangular pyramid. The base edge of the tetrahedral die is 26 millimeters and the height is 20 millimeters.

What is the surface area of the tetrahedral die to the nearest ten square millimeters?

Answers

A tetrahedral die is an equilateral triangular pyramid with the base edge of the tetrahedral die is 26 millimeters and the height is 20 millimeters has the surface area of the tetrahedral die is approximately 1350 square millimeters to the nearest ten square millimeters.

A tetrahedral die is an equilateral triangular pyramid. The base edge of the tetrahedral die is 26 millimeters and the height is 20 millimeters. What is the surface area of the tetrahedral die to the nearest ten square millimeters?Surface area of tetrahedral dieTo find the surface area of the tetrahedral die, we need to first calculate the area of the triangular faces and then add them up.

The surface area of a tetrahedral die can be calculated as follows:Surface area of a tetrahedral die = Sum of the areas of all its triangular faces.Area of an equilateral triangle. A tetrahedral die is an equilateral triangular pyramid. An equilateral triangle is a triangle where all its sides and angles are equal. The area of an equilateral triangle is given by the formula:Area of an equilateral triangle = (√3/4) * a² where a is the length of each side of the equilateral triangle. Substituting a = 26mm,Area of the equilateral triangle = (√3/4) * 26²= 338 mm².

The tetrahedral die has four equilateral triangular faces. So, its surface area can be calculated by adding the area of each triangular face. Therefore,Surface area of the tetrahedral die = 4 × area of the equilateral triangle= 4 × 338= 1352 mm²= 1.4 × 10³ mm²Therefore, the surface area of the tetrahedral die is approximately 1350 square millimeters to the nearest ten square millimeters.

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One way carbon dioxide enter the atmosphere

Answers

by burning fossil fuels

i need help, im doing a quiz sheet and im not sure what to do

i need help, im doing a quiz sheet and im not sure what to do

Answers

Answer:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the common germs (micro-organisms) found in cuts or other wounds in the skin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacteria that is most commonly found in hospital settings and can be spread through infected water.

exam if your right visual cortex stopped functioning, what parts of your visual field would be messing

Answers

Visual field cuts, trouble seeing objects or colors, trouble reading or writing, blindness, an inability to distinguish written words, an inability to detect moving things, and poor processing of visual information are all symptoms of occipital lobe damage.

Damage to the primary visual cortex, also known as V1, in the area of vision, but not to any other cortical region, eliminates visual awareness and causes persistent blindness. issue, known as anosognosia, which is when you are unaware that you are unaware of something. Even though they may be blindness, many patients believe that they can see.

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Which taxon is the most general and contains the greatest diversity of organisms? A) Genus B) Family C) Domain D) Kingdom

Which taxon is the most general and contains the greatest diversity of organisms? A) Genus B) Family

Answers

D) Kingdom is the answer

A cross between organisms with two different phenotypes produces offspring with a third phenotype in which both of the parental traits appear together.​

Answers

Answer:

With codominance, a cross between organisms with two different phenotypes produces offspring with a third phenotype in which both of the parental traits appear together. This statement is true.

Answer:

Co-dominant trait

Explanation:

For the Usa test prep

Which of the following is true breeding plants if they are allowed to self pollinate a b or c

Which of the following is true breeding plants if they are allowed to self pollinate a b or c

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

what are cells surrounded and protected by?

Answers

Answer:

cells are surrounded by a structure called the cell membrane — which, much like the walls of a house, serves as a clear boundary between the cell's internal and external environments. The cell membrane is sometimes also referred to as the plasma membrane.

Answer:

The plasma membrane, or cell membrane

Explanation:

A crocodile-like morphology evolved independently in a group of Triassic reptiles called phytosaurs, and later, after phytosaurs were extinct, in true crocodiles. This is an example of: Sympatric speciation. Iterative evolution Evolutionary drift Genetic drift Lamarckian evolution

Answers

The correct answer is iterative evolution. A crocodile-like morphology evolved independently in a group of Triassic reptiles called phytosaurs, and later, after phytosaurs were extinct, in true crocodiles. This is an example of iterative evolution.

Iterative evolution is the development of similar structures or forms independently over time in separate lineages. This is frequently seen in unrelated lineages of organisms that evolve similar features through convergent evolution. The crocodile-like morphology that evolved independently in Triassic reptiles called phytosaurs and later in true crocodiles is an example of iterative evolution as they evolved independently in separate lineages. The ability of the phytosaurs to thrive in an aquatic environment likely contributed to the development of this morphology, which later allowed true crocodiles to similarly thrive.

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What are the two main uses of Coal and Oil and Natural Gas fossil fuel:


help me help me help me​

Answers

Answer:

the 2 main uses of coal and oil are

Explanation:

Answer:

Most of our energy comes from three fossil fuels: Oil, which we use to produce gasoline and other refined liquid fuels (petroleum derivatives). Natural Gas, which can be used in cooking and for heating homes. Coal, which is the main fuel burned in electric power plants.

Người ta có thể tạo ra những cơ thể mới có kg khác với dạng bố mẹ sẵn có. Em hãy đề xuất 4 cách để tạo ra cá thể như vậy

Answers

Answer:

plz ask questions in English

what is an example of multiple allelic inheritance in humans

Answers

Multiple allelic inheritance in humans refers to a situation where a gene has more than two allelic forms. It implies that more than two alleles determine the trait expression, thus resulting in many possible phenotypic outcomes. There are different examples of multiple allelic inheritance in humans, such as ABO blood group inheritance.

The ABO blood group is one of the classic examples of multiple allelic inheritance in humans. The inheritance of blood groups involves three alleles: A, B, and O, where A and B are codominant and O is recessive. The gene responsible for blood group is located on the chromosome 9, and it determines the presence or absence of antigens on the surface of red blood cells.

A person can either be blood group A, B, AB, or O, depending on the combination of alleles inherited from their parents. For instance, a person who inherits the A allele from one parent and the B allele from the other will have the AB blood group.

Another person who inherits the O allele from both parents will have blood group O. Similarly, someone who inherits A allele from both parents will have blood group A, and the same applies to those who inherit the B allele from both parents.

Therefore, in conclusion, the ABO blood group is a classic example of multiple allelic inheritance in humans. It is a type of inheritance where a gene has more than two allelic forms, and it results in many possible phenotypic outcomes.

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A fatty acid is comprised of a long hydrocarbon tail and a head consisting of
a. hydroxyl group
b. carboxyl group
c. phosphate group
d. amino group

Answers

A fatty acid is an organic acid that is made up of a long hydrocarbon tail and a head consisting of a carboxyl group.

Here, correct option is B.

The hydrocarbon tail is usually made up of between 12 and 22 carbon atoms that can be saturated or unsaturated and is usually single-bonded to hydrogen atoms. The carboxyl group at the head of the fatty acid consists of an oxygen atom double-bonded to a carbon atom, with the carbon atom being single-bonded to two hydrogen atoms.

This head group is what gives the fatty acid its acidity and makes it reactive. The carboxyl group is also what allows fatty acids to form a variety of compounds by reacting with other molecules. Fatty acids are found in all living cells and are essential components of cell membranes, as well as being used in energy storage and as hormones.

Therefore, correct option is B.

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What do we call a complex sugar?A. starchB. lipidC. protein

Answers

Biomolecules are divided into 4 groups, each group has different structures and therefore harbors different compounds:

1. lipids: fatty acids, cholesterol, etc.

2. proteins: aminoacids, peptides.

3. nucleic acids: DNA, RNA

4. carbohydrates: Sugars (glucose), Complex sugars (cellulose and starch)

Complex sugar is a carbohydrate composed of many glucose molecules intertwined with each other, one example is starch.

3 aboictic factors and there roles in the ecosystem

Answers

Answer:

The abiotic factors in an ecosystem include all the nonliving elements of the ecosystem. Air, soil or substrate, water, light, salinity and temperature all impact the living elements of an ecosystem. I WISH I HELP

Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu
When a cat drops from a tree to the ground, the conversion of
up behind
mouse to obtain its food. After eating its prey, the conversion of
Inside the cat's body.
takes place. Then cat runs
takes place inside the cat's body

Answers

Answer:

1. gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy

2. chemical energy to mechanical energy

Explanation:

i just took the test and got 100%

Gravitational force, potential energy to kinetic energy, and then conversion of chemical energy to mechanical energy take place in this order.

What do you mean by Prey?

Prey may be defined as an animal that is hunted or killed by another animal for food.

When a cat drops from a tree to the ground follows the gravitational force, while the conversion of up behind a mouse to obtain its food is the process of converting potential energy to kinetic energy. And at last, after eating its prey, the conversion inside the cat's body takes place the chemical energy to mechanical energy.

Therefore, Gravitational force, potential energy to kinetic energy, and then conversion of chemical energy to mechanical energy take place in this order.

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Which immunization is available to prevent communicable disease and illness? Question 11 options: sinus infections ear infections strep throat chicken pox.

Answers

The  immunization that is available to prevent communicable disease and illness is chicken pox.

Communicable diseases are diseases that can easily spread from person to person especially through contact with infected persons. Immunization is the process of preventing the spread of diseases by giving vaccines.

A common communicable disease is chicken pox. Hence, the  immunization that is available to prevent communicable disease and illness is chicken pox.

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Sexual reproduction allows for more genetic diversity than asexual reproduction.

options:
True
False

Answers

Answer:

True.

Explanation:

NO LINKS PLEASE

What is a major difference between the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles?

O A. Animals excrete only phosphorus-containing compounds to add to the cycle.

O B. Soil erosion removes only phosphorus from its cycle in terrestrial ecosystems.

O C. Only nitrogen is added to its cycle from fertilizers.

OD. Only nitrogen exists as a gas for part of the cycle.

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

phosphorus is usually not shown in gas form

Carbon can be found in shells and
rock at the bottom of
sedimentary
oceans in the form of...
A. carbonic acid.
B. calcium carbonate.
C. carbon dioxide.
ہے

Answers

Answer:

B IS THE ANSWER

Explanation:

I THINK SO

A man who is an achondroplastic dwarf with normal vision marries a color-blind woman of normal height. The man's father was of normal height, and both the woman's parents were also of average height. Achondroplastic dwarfism is autosomal dominant, and red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive trait. They have a daughter who is a dwarf with normal color vision. What is the probability that she is heterozygous for both genes?

100%
75%
50%
0%

Answers

Sex-linked genes are located in the sex chromosomes, while autosomal dominant genes are located in non-sex chromosomes. Option A) There are 100% of probabilities that the daughter who is a dwarf with normal color vision is heterozygous for both genes.

What is compete dominance and sex-linked genes?

Complete dominance and sex-linkage are inheritance patterns.

Complete dominance occurs when one of the alleles of a gene  (the dominant one) can hide the expression of the other allele (the recessive one) when they are together in the same genotype (heterozygousis).

Sex-linked inheritance occurs when genes are located in the the sex chromosomes and hence, they must be transmitted together with them.

In the exposed example both genes are diallelic. One of them is autosomal expressing complete dominance, and the other one is sex-linked.

Achondroplastic dwarfism

AA and Aa → dwarfismaa → normal height

Color blindness

X⁺X⁺, X⁺X⁻,  X⁺Y  → Normal sightX⁻X⁻, X⁻Y → color blind

Man ⇒ Aa  X⁺Y  

Woman ⇒ aa X⁻X⁻

Cross)

Parentals: Aa X⁺Y   x   aa X⁻X⁻

Gametes) AX⁺  AY   aX⁺   aY

                aX⁻  aX⁻  aX⁻  aX⁻

Punnett square)

                            AX⁺              AY              aX⁺               aY

            aX⁻       AaX⁺X⁻       AaX⁻Y        aaX⁺X⁻         aaX⁻Y

            aX⁻       AaX⁺X⁻       AaX⁻Y        aaX⁺X⁻         aaX⁻Y

            aX⁻       AaX⁺X⁻       AaX⁻Y        aaX⁺X⁻         aaX⁻Y

            aX⁻       AaX⁺X⁻       AaX⁻Y        aaX⁺X⁻         aaX⁻Y

F1)

25% of the progeny is expected to be heterozygous girls, expressing dwarfism and normal sight,  AaX⁺X⁻.25% of the progeny is expected to be heterozygous boys, expressing dwarfism and color-blindness, AaX⁻Y.   25% of the progeny is expected girls expressing normal height and normal sight,  aaX⁺X⁻.25% of the progeny is expected girls expressing normal height and  color-blindness,  aaX⁻Y.

There are 100% of probabilities that the daughter who is a dwarf with normal color vision is heterozygous for both genes.

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where in the body does the production of precursors for the synthesis of calcitriol occur?

Answers

The production of precursors for the synthesis of calcitriol occurs primarily in the liver, as well as in the skin and kidneys.

Specifically, cholesterol molecules are converted into the precursor molecule 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin and then transported to the liver and kidneys where it is converted into vitamin D3. This vitamin D3 then undergoes further conversion in the kidneys to become calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D. Calcitriol plays a crucial role in regulating calcium and phosphorus absorption in the intestines and maintaining healthy bones and teeth.
The production of precursors for the synthesis of calcitriol occurs primarily in the liver and skin. In the skin, exposure to sunlight converts 7-dehydrocholesterol into previtamin D3, which is then transformed into vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). Cholecalciferol is transported to the liver, where it is converted into 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (calcifediol), the main circulating form. Finally, calcifediol is further hydroxylated in the kidneys by the enzyme 1-alpha-hydroxylase, producing the biologically active form of vitamin D, calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3). This entire process is essential for maintaining healthy calcium and phosphorus levels in the body.

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which of these processes require a membrane? choose one or more: generation of atp by oxidative phosphorylation generation of energy by mitochondria generation of atp by photosynthesis in bacteria generation of atp by glycolysis generation of atp by photosynthesis in plants

Answers

The processes that require a membrane are the generation of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, the generation of energy by mitochondria, and the generation of ATP by photosynthesis in plants (Options a, b and e).

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

Oxidative phosphorylation is the third step of cellular respiration which generates ATP in the mitochondria by creating a differential potential gradient in the inner membrane, in a similar way to the potential used by plants in photosynthesis (in this case in the chloroplast).

Therefore, with this data, we can see that oxidative phosphorylation generates ATP by a gradient using the mitochondrial membrane.

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How did the coastal subspecies and forest subspecies adapt differently to their new environments as they migrated south?

Answers

The subspecies may adapt differentially to their new environments as they migrated to the South by descising themselves. They can evolve new traits sometimes. The pathways of migration have a huge impact on this.

What are the PRODUCTS in this chemical equation? CO2 + H2O -
C6H12O6 + 02*
CO2+ H20
C6H1206 + 02
CO2 + H20
C6H1206 + 02
There are no products in chemical equations

Answers

i think the answer is A
C6H12O6 + 02

granules or threads within the nucleus are called

Answers

Granules or threads within the nucleus are called chromatin.

Each histone-bound DNA molecule is referred to as a chromosome in the complex of genomic DNA and histone proteins known as chromatin. The process governing how the genome is read out from cell to cell is, however, controlled by chromatin, which also compacts the genome into the nucleus.

In the nucleus of Eukaryotic cells, chromatin, a combination of DNA and proteins, creates chromosomes. In order to fit inside the nucleus, nuclear DNA is extremely compressed and wrapped around nuclear proteins rather than appearing as free linear strands.

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The complete question is:

Granules or threads within the nucleus are called _____.

‼️I NEED HELP WITH THIS RIGHT NOW⁉️. A student is trying to determine if a solution is acid or basic. She does not have any litmus paper. Which would she most likely use to get a reading on her solution? Vinegar, soap, cabbage juice, aquarium water.

Answers

Answer:

Cabbage juice

Explanation:

Red cabbage has pH indicator pigment. It changes color when mixed with acid or basic solution.

For acidic solution, the juice turns red.

For neutral, it shows purple color.

For basic solution have pH 8-9 : Blue

                                    pH 10-11: Green

For strong basic solutions:  yellow in color.

Answer:

C.

Explanation:

Other Questions
a bookstore sells five books for $65 which table represents the relationship between the number of books and the total price PLEASE HELP!!Reread the last two-sentence paragraph of the story. How does this paragraph reveal the theme of the story? How are do Michael and Esther connect to the behavior of the hermit crab, changing their ideas of home? Explain. Use details from the story to support your answer.STORY NAME: Shells by Cynthia Rylant If the national unemployment rate decreased at an annual rate of 2% per year for three consecutive years, then the rate decreased by 6% over the three-year period. Sugar gliders and Northern flying squirrels are mammals that have many morphological similarities despite being genetically different. Both are nocturnal and have large eyes to help them see in the dark. Both live in trees and have flaps of skin connecting their front and back legs, and when their front and back legs are extended, the flaps allow the animals to glide from one tree branch to another. Sugar gliders are native to Australia, and Northern flying squirrels are native to North America.Which of the following best explains the morphological similarities between these two species?a.The similarities in traits indicate the species are the result of divergent evolution from a common ancestor that had the same traits that these two species share.b.The two species evolved as the result of two separate bottleneck events that reduced the existing populations to a few individuals who happened to have the same traits.c.The similarities between the species evolved independently as a result of similar selective pressures in each species environment.d.The traits evolved through sympatric speciation, which often results in species being highly similar because they evolve in the same area. I'll give brainliest to who can answer this! You want to sail from Liverpool, England to Buenos Ares, Argentina. You are going to prepare your ship with food, supplies, animals, and of course beer. What kind of ship will you choose, what kinds of supplies/animals do you bring, and how long do you anticipate your voyage taking? When the derived character is _____ an organism, the organism possesses that derived character on (cladogram). Jenny started with $4 in her piggy bank and earns an allowance of $3 every 2 days. Mika had saved $18 in his piggy bank from babysitting but he spends $2 a day to buy a large bag of chips on his way home from school.When will Jenny and Mika have the same amount of money? how could he have lied to me all those years? to hassan? he had sat me on his lap when i was little, looked me straight in the eyes, and said, there is only one sin. and that is theft... when you tell a lie, you steal someone's right to the truth Select the word thatwould best fit this situation:"No, I don't know who Bella is. write two sentence about Doctor invention Expressed powers in the Constitutionare given to which government?A. nationalB. stateC. local rent-seeking activity by firms a. often wastes economic resources. b. increases the total amount of economic rent available. c. increases economic efficiency. List all the 4-digit even numbers that can be created by rearranging these number tiles.3472 Find the exact values of the six trigonometric ratios of the angle in the triangle. Part AIn the selection from Frankenstein, how does reading most clearly affect the Creature?OA. It reveals aspects of the cottager's lives.OB.It convinces him that he needs to learn more.O C. It persuades him to record his own feelings and ideas.OD. It opens his mind to new experiences and understandings. HELP PLSWhich expressions shows a correct way to set up the slope formula for the line that passes through the points (5, 0) and (6, -6)? please help me with chemistry The Mercalli Scale is a scale from ________. Group of answer choices 1 to 12 that rates the energy required for faulting to occur 1 to 10 that rates the energy released by an earthquake I to XII that rates the structural damage due to an earthquake I to X that rates the total energy released during the main quake and all aftershocks An empty water tank has a rectangular base with side lengths of 1.2 m and 2.3 m. The weight of the tank applies a pressure of 350 Pa to the surface it is resting on. What is the weight of the tank?