Scientists' belief that an atom is a solid sphere, is good enough to explain; PLZ I HAVE LESS TIME!!!!

Step 2/4

The positively charged nitronium ion (NO2+) is formed by the reaction between nitric acid and sulfuric acid.

Step 3/4

The nitronium ion then attacks the benzene ring and replaces a hydrogen atom on the ring.

Step 4/4

The resulting intermediate can then resonate, leading to the formation of the ortho and para isomers of dinitrobenzene.

Answer:

317 g

Explanation:

Cu + 2HCl --> CuCl2 +H2

1      :     2           1 : 1

1 mole of Cu  = 63.5 g

1 mole of  H2 = 2g

1 mole  Cu produces = 1 mole of H2

63.5 g of Cu produces = 2 g of H2

So

10 g of H2 will be produced from =  (63.5/2)*10 = 317 g of Copper

Answer:

a.N

b.Al

Explanation:

nitogen is N in upper case and aluminium is Al.always the second letter is lower case

The number of atoms in 3 moles K of the particle is 1.806 x 10²⁴ atoms.

The value of one mole of an atom is equal to exactly 12 grams of pure carbon-12.

12.00 g (C-12 ) = 1 mol C-12 atoms = 6.02 × 10²³ atoms .

The number of particles in 1 mole is called Avogadro's Number (6.0221421 x 10²³).

The number of atoms in 3 moles K of the particle is calculated as follows;

= 3 moles  x   6.02 × 10²³ atoms / mol

= 1.806 x 10²⁴ atoms

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When an element has a cation of +2, it has lost two electrons. A solution is a choice (E).

In electrolysis, the cathode would be drawn to a positively charged ion called a cation. In order for a cation to develop, one or more electrons must be lost, usually by the action of atoms with a larger affinity for them.

Following the chemical symbol is a number indicating the number of electrons lost and consequently the charge of the ion. For example, silver (Ag) loses one electron to become Ag+ while zinc (Zn) loses two electrons to become Zn2+.

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Answer:

Apply pressure

Explanation:

I took the Test and got it right.

Answer:

A

Explanation:

The pH after 0.195 mol of NaOH is added to the buffer from part a is pH > 14.

To answer this question, we need to use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:
pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])
We were given the following information in part a: a buffer solution with a pKa of 5.00 and a concentration of 0.100 M for both the acid (HA) and its conjugate base (A-).
To determine the pH after adding 0.195 mol of NaOH to this buffer solution, we need to first calculate the new concentrations of the acid and its conjugate base:
- The initial moles of the acid (HA) and its conjugate base (A-) are both 0.100 M x 1.00 L = 0.100 mol.
- Adding 0.195 mol of NaOH will react with an equivalent amount of the acid, leaving behind the conjugate base. This means that the new amount of the acid will be 0.100 mol - 0.195 mol = -0.095 mol. However, this negative value doesn't make sense, so we should interpret it as meaning that all of the acid was used up and there is still 0.095 mol of NaOH remaining in the solution. The new amount of the conjugate base (A-) will be 0.100 mol + 0.195 mol = 0.295 mol.
- The new concentrations of the acid and its conjugate base are therefore:
[HA] = 0.000 mol/L
[A-] = 0.295 mol/L
Now we can substitute these values into the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:
pH = 5.00 + log([0.295]/[0.000])
We cannot divide by zero, so we know that the pH will be very high (basic) because there is no acid left to keep the solution acidic. Taking the log of a very large number will also give us a very large positive value. Let's calculate it:
pH = 5.00 + log(∞)
pH = 5.00 + ∞
pH = ∞
However, we need to express the pH numerically to three decimal places. This means that we need to choose a convention for representing infinite values. One common convention is to use "pH = 14.000", since pH + pOH = 14. Another convention is to use "pH > 14", which indicates that the pH is higher than the highest possible value on the pH scale.
Therefore, the answer to the question is:
The pH after 0.195 mol of NaOH is added to the buffer from part a is pH > 14.

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Answer:

(i) specific heat

(ii) latent heat of vaporization

(iii) latent heat of fusion

Explanation:

i. Q = mcΔT; identify c.

Here, Q is heat, m is the mass, c is the specific heat and ΔT is the change in temperature.

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of substance of mass 1 kg by 1 degree C is known as the specific heat.  

ii. Q = mLvapor; identify Lvapor

Here, Q is the heat, m is the mass and L is the latent heat of vaporization.

The amount of heat required to convert the 1 kg liquid into 1 kg vapor at constant temperature.  

iii. Q = mLfusion; identify Lfusion

Here, Q is the heat, m is the mass and L is the latent heat of fusion.  

Here, Q is the heat, m is the mass and L is the latent heat of vaporization.

The amount of heat required to convert the 1 kg solid  into 1 kg liquid at constant temperature.  

(i) c is the molar heat capacity of the substance.

(ii) Lvapor is the latent heat of evaporation of the substance

(iii) Lfusion is the latent heat of fusion of the substance

All the 3 equations fall under Calorimetry.

In all the equation Q is the amount of heat required.

(i) First equation represents the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance of mass m.

                          Q = mcΔT

       here c is the molar heat capacity of the substance and ΔT is the chnage in temperature.

(ii) Second equation represents the amount of heat required to convert a substance of mass m from liquid phase to vapour phase.

                          Q = mLvapor

        here Lvapor is the latent heat of evaporation of the substance

during evaporation no change in temperature occurs.      

(iii) Third equation represents the amount of heat required to convert a substance of mass m from solid phase to liquid phase.

                          Q = mLfusion

        here Lfusion is the latent heat of fusion or melting of the substance

during fusion no change in temperature occurs.    

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Answer:

Mass

Explanation:

The polarity of a molecule can be expressed in terms of its moment, denoted by the symbol μ. This moment is defined as the product of the partial charges in the molecule and the distance between their centers.

A molecule is said to be polar if it has a non-zero dipole moment, which means that the partial charges are not evenly distributed across the molecule.
The polarity of a molecule has important implications for its chemical and physical properties. For example, polar molecules are more likely to dissolve in polar solvents, while non-polar molecules are more likely to dissolve in non-polar solvents. Additionally, the polarity of a molecule can affect its reactivity and its ability to participate in various chemical reactions.
The dipole moment of a molecule can be calculated using various methods, including experimental measurements and theoretical calculations. In general, molecules with polar bonds will have a non-zero dipole moment, while molecules with non-polar bonds will have a zero dipole moment. However, there are exceptions to this rule, and the overall polarity of a molecule is determined by the combination of its individual bond polarities.
In summary, the dipole moment of a molecule is a measure of its polarity, and it is determined by the partial charges in the molecule and the distance between them. Understanding the polarity of a molecule is important for understanding its properties and behavior in various chemical and physical environments.

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Answer:

(d) Gases and water vapour

Explanation:

The atmosphere is a part of the Earth that contains predominantly gases or gaseous substances. In other words, the atmosphere is a combination of different gases, including water vapour.

Atmosphere is said to contain the following gases in the following proportion:

- Nitrogen (78%)

- Oxygen (21%)

- Argon (0.9%)

- Carbon dioxide (0.04%)

- Water vapour (1-4%)

Therefore, the Earth's atmosphere consists of many gases and water vapour.

Answer:

4 atoms of Hydrogen

1 atom of Sulphur

4 atoms of Oxygen

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The oxidation state of the metal OsO₄ is +8 , its coordination number is 4, and the number of d electrons on that metal is 0

OsO₄ = Oxidation number +8

coordination number = 4

No. of d electron on metal = 0

(b) [Cr(H₂O)₆]³⁺ = Oxidation number + 3

coordination number = 6

No. of d electron on metal = 3

(c) [Cr(H₂O)₆]²⁺ = Oxidation number +2

coordination number = 6

No. of d electron on metal = 4

(d) [Cr(H₂O)₄Cl₂]⁺ = Oxidation number  +3

coordination number = 6

No. of d electron in metal = 3

(e) [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ = Oxidation number = +2

coordination number = 6

No. of d electron in metal = 6

(f) [Co(NH₃)₆]²⁺ = Oxidation number = +2

coordination number = 6

No. of d electron in metal = 7

(g) WCl₆ = Oxidation number = +6

coordination number = 6

No. of d electron in metal = 0

(h) [Pt(CN)₄]⁻² = Oxidation number = +2

coordination number = 4

No. of d electron in metal = 8

(i) [Mn(H₂O)₆]²⁺ = Oxidation number +2

coordination number = 6

No. of d electron in metal = 5

(j) Mn(CO)₅Br = Oxidation number +1

coordination number = 6

No. of d electron in metal = 5

(k) [AuCl₂]⁻ = Oxidation number +1

coordination number = 2

No. of d electron in metal = 10

(l) [ReH₉]²⁻ = Oxidation number +7

coordination number = 9

No. of d electron in metal = 0

A transition metal is one that produces one or more stable ions with d orbitals that are only partially filled. Despite being members of the d block, scandium and zinc do not qualify as transition metals according to this definition.

Change components (otherwise called progress metals) are components that have to some extent filled d orbitals. An element with the ability to form stable cations and a d orbital that is only partially filled with electrons is one of the transition elements, as defined by IUPAC.

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Answer:

C. So electrons can flow from one electrode to another

Explanation:

An electrochemical cell is any cell in which electricity is produced by reason of a chemical change.

An electrochemical cell consists of two electrodes, these two electrodes are connected using a wire.

Usually, electrons flow from one electrode to another via this wire thereby enabling the electrochemical processes of oxidation and reduction in the cell to proceed effectively.

When 2 mole of Fe2O3 and 9 molecules of CO react, 6 moles of the each product are created.

The term "mole" refers to a common scientific measurement unit for atoms, molecules, and other very small particles.

The first one is supposed to produce a balanced chemical reaction in accordance with the situation supplied.

FeO3 + 3 CO 2 Fe + 3CO2 is the formula.

Because 2 moles of Fe2O3 reacted with 3 x2=6 moles of Co to produce Fe and CO2, CO was in excess and Fe2O3 was the limiting reagent.

Utilize the mole ratio to determine the moles of the each product.

That is the Fe2O3 mole ratio: Because Fe is a 1:2 element, the mole of Fe is 2x2=4 moles.

Because the mole ratio of Fe2CO3 to CO2 is 1:3, the moles of Co2 are 2 x 3 = 6 moles.

Therefore, 6 moles of the each product will be created when 2 moles or Fe2O3 react to 9 moles of CO.

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Answer:

14 moles of O₂

Explanation:

The reaction between CO and O₂ is the following:

CO + O₂ → CO₂

We balance the equation with a coefficient 2 in CO and CO₂ to obtain the same number of O atoms:

2CO + O₂ → 2CO₂

As we can see from the balanced equation, 1 mol of O₂ is required to react with 2 moles of CO. Thus, the conversion factor is 1 mol of O₂/2 mol CO. We multiply the moles of CO by the conversion factor to calculate the moles of O₂ that are required:

28 mol CO x 1 mol of O₂/2 mol CO = 14 mol O₂

Answer:

C

Explanation:

increase potential energy ( in motion)

The ratio of octene to oxygen is 1:12.

To determine the ratio of octene (C8H16) to oxygen (O2) in the given reaction, we need to examine the balanced chemical equation. However, the equation you provided does not seem to be balanced. The coefficients for each compound must be determined to achieve a balanced equation before we can calculate the desired ratio.

Assuming you meant the combustion reaction of octene, a balanced equation would be:

C8H16 + 12O2 → 8CO2 + 8H2O

From the balanced equation, we can see that for every 1 mole of octene (C8H16), we require 12 moles of oxygen (O2) to completely react.

This means that for every 1 mole of octene, we need 12 moles of oxygen to fully combust the octene and produce the corresponding amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) as shown in the balanced equation.

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A substance's hue varies over time: Chemical transformation (Over time, the material is changing into a different chemical.

How can you tell whether a change you witness is chemical or physical?

In a physical change, the substance's shape or appearance changes, but the type of matter it contains stays the same. In contrast, when matter undergoes a chemical transformation, at least one new substance with novel features is created.

Not every change in colour results from a chemical shift. If one were to alter a substance's colour through a non-chemical interaction, such as painting an automobile, the alteration would be physical rather than chemical. This is due to the fact that the car's makeup has not changed.

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If there are 4.0 moles of phosphorous acid, H₃PO₃ formed during a reaction. The mass of P₂O₃ required is 220 grams.

To find the mass of P₂O₃, there is need  to use the balanced equation and the molar ratio between P₂O₃ and H₃PO₃.

The balanced chemical equation is:

P₂O₃ + 3H₂O → 2H₃PO₃

From the equation, it is observed that 1 mole of P₂O₃ reacts with 2 moles of H₃PO₃. Thus, the molar ratio is 1:2.

According to quetsion there are 4.0 moles of H₃PO₃, use this molar ratio to find the moles of P₂O₃ required.

Moles of P₂O₃ = (4.0 moles H₃PO₃) / (2 moles H₃PO₃/1 mole P₂O₃)

= 2.0 moles P₂O₃

Next, calculate the mass of P₂O₃ needs to use its molar mass.

Mass of P₂O₃ = (2.0 moles P₂O₃) × (110 g/mol P₂O₃) = 220 g

Thus, the mass of P₂O₃ required is 220 grams.

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Answer: SnO2 + 2 H2 = Sn + 2 H2O

Explanation: I used a balance equation website. It's called WebQC if you want to check it out for future help.

By the process of natural selection, individuals in Finch 1 will evolve over time to resemble individuals in Finch 2.

Natural selection is the process by which individuals who possess certain features or structures that make them better suited to their environment are able to survive and reproduce in their environment while those who do not have such features die off.

Since the preferred food for Finch 1 has become scarce due to drought, individuals in Finch 1 who have features that enable them eat larger seed will be naturally selected for survival , most population in Finch will be composed of such individuals.

Therefore, natural selection will cause individuals in Finch 1 to evolve over time to resemble individuals in Finch 2.

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Answer:

4260ml

Explanation:

If the reaction quotient is less than the solubility product in a solution of magnesium ions and sulfate ions, it means that the solution is not yet saturated. Therefore, all ions will remain solvated as there is still room for them to dissolve. A precipitate forms when the solution is saturated and the excess ions cannot remain dissolved.

An emulsion is a mixture of immiscible liquids, which is not relevant to this chemical scenario. Therefore, the correct answer is that all ions remain solvated. In a solution of magnesium ions and sulfate ions, if the reaction quotient is less than the solubility product, it indicates that all ions remain solvated.

This is because the reaction quotient being less than the solubility product shows that the solution has not yet reached its saturation point, and no precipitate or emulsion will form under these conditions.

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Relationship between resistance and current in a circuit is current is inversely proportional to the resistance

The relationship between current and voltage, resistance is expressed by ohm's law and this states that the current flowing in a circuit is directly proportional to the applied voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit and provided the temprature remain constant and hence the relationship between current and resistance could be written as I = VR for constant value of voltage and the current is inversely proportional to the resistance

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The analyte in a redox reaction is the substance undergoing oxidation or reduction.

A redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction is a chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom changes. The substances undergoing this change are called the analyte, and one of them is oxidized (loses electrons) while the other is reduced (gains electrons). The oxidation and reduction reactions occur simultaneously, ensuring that the total charge in the system remains unchanged. The analyte in a redox reaction can be a molecule, ion, or an atom, and its oxidation state changes as a result of the transfer of electrons from one species to another. Redox reactions are fundamental in many biological, chemical and physical processes, such as cellular respiration, corrosion, and battery operation.

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Answer:

snow, or freezing rain?

Explanation:

because freezing rain can occur then, but snow is more common.

The amount of heat absorbed to raise the temperature of 435 grams of water at 1 atm from 25°C to its boiling point, 100°C, is approximately 1.4 × 10^5 joules

What is specific heat?

Specific heat is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by one unit of temperature per unit of mass. It is a physical property that helps to characterize a substance and is typically measured in units of joules per gram per degree Celsius (J/g°C) or calories per gram per degree Celsius (cal/g°C).

The amount of heat absorbed to raise the temperature of a substance can be calculated using the formula:

Q = mcΔT

where Q is the amount of heat absorbed (in joules), m is the mass of the substance (in kilograms), c is the specific heat capacity of the substance (in joules per kilogram per degree Celsius), and ΔT is the change in temperature (in degrees Celsius).

Substituting the given values, we get:

m = 435 grams = 0.435 kg

ΔT = 100°C - 25°C = 75°C

The specific heat capacity of water is 4.184 J/g°C. We can convert this to joules per kilogram per degree Celsius (J/kg°C) by dividing by 1000:

c = 4.184 J/g°C ÷ 1000 = 4.184 J/kg°C

Substituting these values, we get:

Q = (0.435 kg) × (4.184 J/kg°C) × (75°C)

Q = 140,089.2 J

Therefore, the amount of heat absorbed to raise the temperature of 435 grams of water at 1 atm from 25°C to its boiling point, 100°C, is approximately 1.4 × 10^5 joules. The answer closest to this value is option (B).

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The correct abbreviation for each metric unit is:

Kilogram - kg, Milliliter - ml, Kilometer- Km, Meter- m, Millimeter - mm, Centimeter - cm, Gram - g,  Liter - L, and Milligram - mg.

The metric system can be described as a system of measurement that succeeded the decimalized system based on the meter.  Each of the fundamental dimensions can be expressed by a single base unit of measure.

For quantities derived from the base units of the system, units derived from the base units are used such as the square meter being the derived unit for the area, a quantity derived from length.

Metric units can be described as units based on the meter, gram, or second and decimal multiples or sub-multiples of these. The units of the International System of Units (SI). By extension, they involve units of electromagnetism from the CGS units and SI units systems.

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