review the micrographs of cells shown in figure 8-3. what information about cells do these micrographs suggest, which might not be accurate?

Answer:

Algae have chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll A and B, giving them a bright green color, as well as a necessary pigments beta carotene(red-orange) and xanthophyllis (yellow)is stacked thylakoids.Plants look green because they absorb red light most efficiently and the green light is reflected.

Answer:

Explanation:

cheek cells

Answer:

Centrosome

Explanation:

Diagram I and are II are single cells. Diagram I is an animal cell, Diagram II is a plant cell (can see the cell wall and the central vacuole).

G is the centrosome. The centrosome is made up of two cylindrical structures called centrioles. They are the microtubule organising centres (MTOCs) in cells. They regulate the assembly of microtubules during the cell cycle

Answer:

There's no nucleus

Explanation:

all genetic material is freely in the cytoplasm since there is no fixed shaped or structured nucleus.

Answer:

D. Which type of fish is most commonly caught in trawling nets?

Explanation:

A. fishing question not science

B. nets question not science

C. ethics question not science

In the central nervous system (CNS), a bundle of axons is referred to as a "tract," while in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), axon bundles are called "nerves."

The central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) are two major divisions of the nervous system. In the CNS, which includes the brain and spinal cord, a bundle of axons is called a "tract." Tracts are organized pathways that transmit information between different regions of the CNS.

These axon bundles are typically named based on their origin and destination, as well as their specific function.

In contrast, in the PNS, which consists of nerves outside the CNS, axon bundles are referred to as "nerves." Nerves are composed of bundles of axons along with their associated connective tissues, blood vessels, and supportive cells.

They serve as communication pathways between the CNS and various parts of the body, relaying sensory information from sensory receptors to the CNS and transmitting motor commands from the CNS to muscles and glands.

The distinction between tracts and nerves lies in their location within the nervous system. Tracts are found within the CNS, while nerves are present in the PNS, extending from the CNS to different body regions.

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Evolution is the change in the traits of organisms over several generations that relies on natural selection, being the A. how modern organisms descended from older organisms the best option for a definition of evolution in the alternatives.

Answer:

NAD - nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

FAD - flavin adenine dinucleotide

Basically, NAD and FAD carry electrons to the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane. These electrons are deposited near the beginning of the electron chain, and then these electrons are passed on from one protein to the next.

As these electrons move through the electron chain, they release energy, and some of this energy is captured in the form of an electrochemical gradient and used to make ATP.

Energy contained in the bonds of glucose is released in small bursts, and some of it can be captured in the form of ATP, a small molecule that is used to power reactions in the cell.

ATP = adenosine triphosphate

Answer:

I think it might be nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).

Answer:

nope

Explanation:

The rate of electron transport and proton pumping is unaffected when gramicidin is integrated into a membrane. Positively charged subatomic particles are known as protons. Hydrogen leaves a bare proton behind when it loses an electron to another nonmetal. Acidic liquids behave as they do because of protons.

When FADH2 is the electron donor, fewer protons are pushed across the inner mitochondrial membrane than when NADH is the electron donor. A membrane produces an H+ channel when the protein gramicidin is incorporated into it, making the membrane highly permeable to protons (H+ ions).

Only a membrane protein known as ATP synthase allows hydrogen ions in the matrix space to pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane. ADP is converted into ATP by ATP synthase as protons pass through.

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Answer:

Mainly because Evolution takes millions and millions of years to happen.

Explanation:

Evolutionary theory require earth to be very old because the process of evolution takes millions of year to happen.

Evolution is the process through which a population of organisms evolves as new generations replace ancestors. Individual species do not evolve; rather, communities of organisms do.

Natural selection processes like as environmental change, predation, or human disturbance create evolutionary adaptations, and these processes must continue and grow widespread for the change to remain and accumulate. That happens less frequently and slowly than you may expect.

Scientists have determined that Earth is 4.54 billion years old, with a 50 million year error, by dating the rocks in its ever-changing crust as well as those in Earth's neighbors, including the moon and passing meteorites.

Therefore, the Earth needs to be very old for evolutionary theory to be true.

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Answer:

44 cromosomas

Explanation:

Hay dos tipos principales de células en el organismo:

Diploides: Dotación cromosómica 2n. Incluye a las células somáticas y a las células germinales, que se dividen en ambos casos por mitosis produciendo dos células hijas iguales a las parentales. Las células germinales a parte también pueden sufrir meiosis, a partir de la cual generan cuatro celulas con la mitad de la carga cromósomica que las células parentales. Estas células se llaman gametas.Cuando las gametas de dos organismos diferentes fecundan, se forma el zigoto con doble carga cromosómica 2n. Este sufrirá sucesivas mitosis y originrá un nuevo organismo.

Haploides: Dotación cromosómica n. La mitad de la carga cromosómica de una célula diploide. Estas son las gametas, producto de meiosis, quienes a traves de la fecundación forman una célula diploide al sumar sus cargas cromosómicas.

Los gametos masculinos de las plantas de café tienen una carga n de cromosomas, por lo tanto son haploides. Al fusionarse con una ovocélula, con n número de cromosomas, forman un zigoto 2n, diploide. Es decir que si el gameto masculino tiene 22 cromosomas (n) y la ovocélula aporta otros 22 cromosomas, forman un zigoto diploide (2n) de 44 cromosomas. Ese zigoto sufrirá sucesivas mitosis y formará una nueva planta con celulas portadoras de 44 cromosomas.  

Answer:

apoptosis

Explanation:

Answer:

signaling the molecule and the “energy so that it enables muscles to contract with one another

i think

Explanation:

By following this improvement plan,one can aim to develop and enhance my empathy as a leadership value over the next year.

One leadership value I would like to develop further over the course of the next year is empathy. Empathy is a crucial leadership trait that involves understanding and sharing the feelings of others. It allows leaders to connect with their team members on a deeper level, foster positive relationships, and create a supportive work environment.

Improvement Plan for Developing Empathy:

By following this improvement plan,one can aim to develop and enhance my empathy as a leadership value over the next year.

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Answer:

Meat is a major source of protein, as well as iron, zinc, and vitamin B12. Meats, poultry, and fish include beef, chicken, pork, salmon, tuna, shrimp, and eggs. The meat group is one of the major compacted food groups in the food guide pyramid.

Explanation:

Your welcome!

Brainlist Please! :)

Answer:

See file below

Explanation:

See file below

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The observation that would best support the claim that an antibiotic based on honeybee proteins can stop bacterial infections in humans is: "The protein prevents bacterial cells from producing molecules that are necessary for the bacterial cells to divide."

The correct answer would be "The protein prevents bacterial cells from producing molecules that are necessary for the bacterial cells to divide."

Bacterial cells require certain molecules and processes for their growth and division. If the honeybee protein can interfere with or inhibit the production of these essential molecules, it would hinder the bacteria's ability to divide and reproduce. This disruption in bacterial cell division would effectively slow down or prevent the spread of the infection.

By targeting the bacterial cells specifically and impeding their vital processes, the honeybee protein acts as an antimicrobial agent. It selectively affects the bacteria without harming human cells, making it a potentially effective antibiotic for treating bacterial infections in humans.

This observation aligns with the mechanism of action commonly associated with antibiotics. Antibiotics target specific structures or processes in bacterial cells, inhibiting their growth or killing them outright. In this case, the honeybee protein's ability to prevent bacterial cells from producing necessary molecules required for division provides strong support for its potential as an effective antibiotic against bacterial infections in humans.

Further research and testing would be necessary to confirm the efficacy and safety of the honeybee protein-based antibiotic in human applications.

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Sex-linked traits are genes carried on the sex chromosomes, the X and the Y chromosome. Only males carry the Y chromosome, and therefore all genes on the Y chromosome are passed down to the son. Women carry two X chromosomes; therefore, sex-linked traits can be passed on from both the mother and the father.

Examples of sex-linked traits include red-green colour blindness and haemophilia.

In codominance, both alleles are expressed in the phenotype of heterozygous offspring. The human ABO blood group is an example of codominance.

There are three alleles for the ABO gene: IA, IB, and I (i is recessive to both IA and IB). If an individual is heterozygous for both the IA and IB alleles, they will express both A and B antigens on their red blood cells. If they are homozygous for either IA or IB, they will express only one antigen on their red blood cells.

Incomplete dominance occurs when neither allele is dominant nor recessive, but instead, the phenotype is a blend of both. An example of incomplete dominance is the snapdragon flower, which has a red flower and a white flower. When the red flower is crossed with the white flower, the resulting offspring have pink flowers, which is a blend of red and white. The genotype for pink flowers is Rr, where R represents the red allele, and r represents the white allele.

When two pink flowers are crossed, their offspring will have a ratio of 1:2:1 of red, pink, and white flowers.

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Short Answer

Which of the following statements about the nitrogen cycle is false?

a. Nitrogen fixing bacteria exist on the root nodules of legumes and in the soil. b. Denitrifying bacteria convert nitrates (NO3 - ) into nitrogen gas (N2 ).

c. Ammonification is the process by which ammonium ion (NH4 + ) is released from decomposing organic compounds.

d. Nitrification is the process by which nitrites (NO2 - ) are converted to ammonium ion (NH4 + ).

The correct answer is (d) Nitrification is the process by which nitrites (NO2 - ) are converted to ammonium ion (NH4 + ).

A. To control the amount of light entering the eye. The function of the iris, which is the colored part of the eye, is to regulate the amount of light that enters the eye

The iris contains muscles that can contract or expand, thereby adjusting the size of the pupil the central opening in the iris. When the iris muscles contract, the pupil becomes smaller, limiting the amount of light entering the eye. Conversely, when the iris muscles relax, the pupil enlarges, allowing more light to enter.

This control over the size of the pupil helps to regulate the amount of light reaching the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. By adjusting the size of the pupil, the iris helps to optimize visual clarity and prevent the eye from being overwhelmed by excessive light or strain in brightly lit or dimly lit environments.

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Biotechnology is a scientific application that has been used to improve insulin production for diabetics, scientists have used biotechnology to develop artificial insulin that can be produced in a lab by inserting the human gene for insulin into bacteria.

Insulin is the hormone that regulates blood glucose levels, and its deficiency in the body results in type 1 diabetes. Traditionally, insulin was derived from the pancreas of animals such as pigs, but due to their high cost and risk of allergic reactions.

The production of insulin by bacteria that have been genetically engineered with the human insulin gene is the most common method of producing human insulin. This approach allows for the mass production of human insulin and has significantly lowered its price. Insulin is produced by the bacteria as a precursor molecule that is then chemically modified into active human insulin by removing a small peptide sequence.

The insertion of functional genes into diabetics to help them produce insulin is another application of biotechnology in the management of diabetes. This involves the transfer of functional genes, typically those that produce insulin, into the cells of diabetics to compensate for the deficiency of the hormone.

Gene therapy has been a promising solution to the management of diabetes, but it is still in the experimental stage, and more research is needed to make it a viable option for patients. The delivery of insulin into the cells of diabetics can be done either directly or indirectly.

Indirect delivery involves the use of insulin analogs that are injected into the bloodstream, while direct delivery involves the use of insulin pumps that infuse insulin directly into the subcutaneous tissues. Both methods have been effective in the management of diabetes, and the choice of delivery method depends on the patient's preference and their ability to manage their condition effectively.

In conclusion, biotechnology has significantly improved the production of insulin for diabetics by allowing for the mass production of human insulin, the insertion of functional genes into diabetics to help them produce insulin, and the direct and indirect delivery of insulin into the cells of diabetics. These applications have not only lowered the cost of insulin but have also made it more accessible to patients with diabetes.

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Answer:

it is made up of a double layer of hospholipase that separates the cell from the outside world

Explanation:

starch is polysacchariide of glucose, which is a simple sugar l.e.monosaccharide. food is astored in plants in form of starch mostly. glycogen is another polymer of glucose. excess food i.e. glucose is stored in form of glycogen in animals.

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Answer:

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A wider range of paths is available when the ball is shot from center court.

The diameter of the basketball and the diameter of the basket play a crucial role in determining the angle at which the basketball can pass cleanly through the basket.

When the ball is bouncing, its path is affected by the interaction between the ball and the playing surface.

The angle at which the ball can cleanly pass through the basket is limited by the diameter of the ball and the size of the basket opening.

Due to the bouncing nature, the ball needs to align with the basket at a specific angle that allows it to fit through the opening without hitting the rim or backboard.

This restricts the available range of paths for the ball.

When the ball is coming straight down, such as during a free throw or a ball that is falling from above the basket, the angle at which it can cleanly pass through the basket is again limited by the diameter of the ball and the size of the basket opening.

The ball needs to align with the basket vertically to avoid hitting the rim or backboard.

At a 45-degree angle, the ball has a higher chance of cleanly passing through the basket.

This angle allows the ball to utilize the maximum space available in the basket opening, increasing the likelihood of a successful shot.

However, it is important to note that the diameter of the ball and the size of the basket opening still place limits on the range of paths even at this angle.

When shot from center court, the angle at which the ball can cleanly pass through the basket depends on several factors, including the initial velocity, trajectory, and the height at which the ball is released.

The diameter of the ball and the size of the basket opening are still important considerations, but the distance from which the ball is shot introduces additional variables that affect the available range of paths.

In summary, the wider range of paths available for a basketball to cleanly pass through the basket is generally observed when the ball is shot at a 45-degree angle, as this angle maximizes the utilization of the available space in the basket opening.

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