Iodine-131 (131 I, I-131) is a radioactive isotope used in medicine. It decays to Xenon (Xe) by emitting a beta particle, and its count rate decreases by half every 5.45 minutes, with a half-life of approximately 327 seconds.
a. (i) A beta particle is a high-energy electron or positron that is emitted from the nucleus during radioactive decay. It is denoted by the symbol β.
(ii) Alpha particles are positively charged and consist of two protons and two neutrons (helium nucleus), while beta particles are negatively charged electrons or positively charged positrons. Beta particles have a higher penetration ability compared to alpha particles because they have a smaller mass and carry less charge. This allows them to travel further and penetrate deeper into materials before being stopped or absorbed.
b. (i) Isotopes of iodine have the same number of protons, which defines the element. Iodine-131 and other iodine isotopes differ in the number of neutrons in their nuclei.
Same: Isotopes of iodine have the same number of protons (53) in their nuclei, which defines them as iodine.
Different: Iodine-131 has a different number of neutrons (78) compared to other isotopes of iodine, which have different neutron numbers.
c. To calculate the count rate of the radiation produced by the radioactive sample, we subtract the background count rate from the total count rate.
(i) Count rate of radiation from the sample = Total count rate - Background count rate
Given:
Background count rate = 15 counts per second
Total count rate at the start = 168 counts per second
Total count rate after 7 minutes = 53 counts per second
Count rate of radiation from the sample at the start = 168 - 15 = 153 counts per second
Count rate of radiation from the sample after 7 minutes = 53 - 15 = 38 counts per second
(ii) To calculate the half-life of the radioactive sample, we can use the formula:
\(\begin{equation}t_{1/2} = \frac{t \log(2)}{\log(N_0/N_t)}\)
where t1/2 is the half-life, t is the time interval (7 minutes = 420 seconds), N0 is the initial count rate, and \(N_t\) is the count rate after the given time interval.
Using the given data:
\(\[t_{1/2} = \frac{420 \log(2)}{\log(168/53)}\]\)
t1/2 ≈ 327 seconds or 5.45 minutes
Therefore, the half-life of the radioactive sample is approximately 327 seconds or 5.45 minutes.
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Complete question :
QUESTION TWO: MEDICAL ISOTOPES lodine 131, written ¹1, is a radioactive isotope used in medicine. lodine 131 decays to Xenon (Xe) by emitting a beta particle. a. (i) What is a beta particle? - (ii) Compare the charges of alpha and beta particles and explain why beta particles have a higher penetration ability. b. (i) Describe how the nuclei of isotopes of iodine are the same as iodine-131, and how they are different. Same: Different: (i) Calculate the number of neutrons in iodine 131. The low-level radiation in our environment is called the background radiation. Sarah measures the background radiation and finds that it is 15 counts per second. This is the same, day after day. Sarah now measures the radiation from a radioactive sample. The count rate she measures includes background radiation. When she starts her measurement the count rate from the sample, including background radiation, is 168 counts per second. After 7 minutes this count rate has fallen to 53 counts per second. c. Explain how the count rate of the radiation produced by the radioactive sample can be calculated from the above information. (i) Calculate the count rate of the radiation produced by the radioactive sample. Time Count rate from the sample only (counts per second) At the start After 7 min (ii) Use your data from the table to calculate the half-life of the radioactive sample.
What happens during an El Nino event?
o
All of the Above
Droughts and Tropical Storms are stronger
O
The water of the Pacific Ocean gets warmer
O
The trade winds reverse the direction they normally blow in
A Boston radio station broadcasts at a frequency of 93.7 MHz (M = mega; 1 MHz = 106 Hz). What is the wavelength of this EM radiation in meters?
The wavelength of the radio waves from the Boston radio station with a frequency of 93.7 MHz is approximately 3.20 meters.
The wavelength of electromagnetic radiation can be calculated using the formula: wavelength = speed of light / frequency. The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately 3 × 10^8 meters per second.
To find the wavelength of the Boston radio station's broadcast at a frequency of 93.7 MHz (93.7 × 10^6 Hz), we can substitute the values into the formula:
wavelength = (3 × 10^8 m/s) / (93.7 × 10^6 Hz)
Calculating this expression gives us:
wavelength = 3.20 meters
Therefore, the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation from the Boston radio station is approximately 3.20 meters.
This means that the radio waves emitted by the station have a physical length of 3.20 meters, and they propagate through space with this distance between consecutive wave crests. Understanding the wavelength is essential for various applications involving electromagnetic radiation, such as antenna design and signal propagation analysis.
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an object in motion remain or an at rests remains at unless it is acted upon by an outside force is known as
hi please answer this chemistry question
pH of the solution is approximately 2 and pOH of the solution is 0. H₂SO₄ is a strong acid that ionizes completely in water. Its dissociation equation is:
H₂SO₄ → 2H⁺ + SO4²⁻
Since H₂SO₄ dissociates to produce two hydrogen ions (H⁺), the concentration of H⁺ in the solution will be double the initial concentration of H₂SO₄.
Given,
The initial concentration of H₂SO₄ = 0.005 M
The concentration of H⁺ ions will be 2 × 0.005 M = 0.01 M.
pH = -log[H⁺]
pH = -log(0.01) ≈ 2
pOH = -log[OH⁻]
Since H₂SO₄ is a strong acid, it does not produce hydroxide ions (OH⁻) upon dissociation. Therefore, the concentration of OH⁻ in the solution is negligible, and the pOH is essentially 0.
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An inherited behavior that helps an animal meet its needs
Answer:
the answer is adaptations
Explanation:
A body part or behavior that helps an animal meet its need in its environment is called an adaptation. All adaptions are inherited traits. Camouflage is an animal's color or pattern that help it blend in with its surroundings.
How many electron clouds does an element with 29 protons have?
Answer:
5, the last would be incomplete
Explanation:
The first, inner cloud has 2 electrons, then 8, then 8, then 8, then 3.
Which description justifies why the theory of evolution is a theory and not a law? (4 points)
a
Explains how organisms change in response to the environment
b
Predicts which organism is best suited to the environment
c
Supported by a small amount of empirical evidence
d
With more evidence, it will become a law
You will not measure the enthalpy of the reaction of ______ in the coffee cup calorimeter because this reaction involves gases. Instead, you will use a well-known published value.
HCI and MgO
HCI and Mg
H2 and O2
Answer:
H2 and O2
Explanation:
A coffee cup calorimeter is basically a type of calorimeter that operates at constant pressure. The heat measured in the calorimeter is equal to the change in enthalpy of the reaction.
This type of calorimeter is apt for reactions involving solutions where there is little or no change in volume.
It is not generally applicable to gas phase reactions such as the reaction between H2 and O2.
Answer:
You will not measure the enthalpy of the reaction of
✔ H2 and O2
in the coffee cup calorimeter because this reaction involves gases. Instead, you will use a well-known published value.
C. H2 and O2
Is Correct
Aluminum (Al) is a/an:
o heterogeneous mixture
O compound
O homogeneous mixture
o element
Answer:
Element.
Explanation:
Aluminum is an element because it is not separable into simpler substances. One thing important to keep in mind is that if something is on the Periodic Table of Elements, it is 100% an element.
What are the benefits of observing a chemical and physical change
Explanation:
Observing a chemical and physical change in a substance can provide several benefits, including:
Understanding the nature of the substance: By observing chemical and physical changes, we can understand the properties of a substance and how it behaves under different conditions. This can help us predict how it will react in different situations and can inform decisions about how to handle it safely.
Identifying the presence of impurities: Chemical and physical changes can also indicate the presence of impurities or contaminants in a substance. This can be important in many different fields, including medicine, manufacturing, and environmental science.
Optimizing processes: By understanding the chemical and physical changes that occur in a substance, we can optimize processes to produce the desired results more efficiently. This can lead to cost savings and improved quality control in industries ranging from food and beverage to pharmaceuticals.
Developing new materials: Observing chemical and physical changes can also help scientists and engineers develop new materials with specific properties or characteristics. By manipulating the conditions under which a substance undergoes chemical and physical changes, new materials can be created with improved performance and functionality.
what is the ph of a solution that is 0.10 m hf and 0.10 m naf (the conjugate base)? ka of hf = 3.5 x 10-4
The pH of a solution that is 0.10 M HF and 0.10 M NaF (the conjugate base) is given as follows:
pH is calculated as follows: [H+] = √(Ka × [acid])/[conjugate base][H+] = √(3.5 × 10⁻⁴ × 0.10)/0.10[H+] = 0.0187 M.
The pH is calculated using the following formula: pH = -log[H+]pH = -log(0.0187) pH = 1.73.
The pH of the given solution is 1.73.
In conclusion, the pH of a solution that is 0.10 M HF and 0.10 M NaF (the conjugate base) is 1.73.
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Need help in science earths moving surface
Answer:
All answers stated below:
Explanation:
1. Plate Tectonics
2. lithosphere
3. asthenosphere
4. divergent boundary
5. (not sure)
6. convergent
7. transform
8. convection
27.A full bag of trash is placed in a trash compactor. After compacting, which of the following properties of the bag of trash have changed?1. Mass2. Volume3. DensitySelect one:a. 1 onlyb. 1 and 2 onlyc. 2 and 3 onlyd. 2 only
ANSWER
option D
EXPLANATION
When a full bag of trash is placed in a compactor, the compactor will compress the bag so as to allow more trash to fill in. This is done by increasing the capacity of the trash.
Therefore, the volume of the trash bag will changed
Hence, the correct answer is option D
Imagine disease kills 85 percent of the wolf population. How will it affect the other organisms?
Answer:
There would most likely be an overpopulation of the animals the wolfs ate.
Explanation:
Answer:
Many populations will grow way to much. Also others will drop in numbers drastically.
Explanation:
Due to the fact that wolves are predators, the prey they eat will grow 85% more. Now, 85% of the wolf population dies, that`s a lot of prey not eaten. Then the prey that are predators to other animals who are over hunted by their predators will most likely drop in numbers drastically, by I mean 85%. This will throw the ecosystem off so much, humans could be at grave risk.
The electron transport chain takes electrons from ___ and ultimately uses them to reduce ___ into ____
The electron transport chain takes electrons from NADH and FADH2 and ultimately uses them to reduce oxygen into water.
The electron transport chain is a series of proteins and enzymes located in the inner mitochondrial membrane that plays a key role in oxidative phosphorylation, the process by which ATP is synthesized from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
The electron transport chain receives electrons from NADH and FADH2, which are produced during the breakdown of glucose and other nutrients, and uses them to pump protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, creating an electrochemical gradient. This gradient is used by ATP synthase to drive the synthesis of ATP.
The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is oxygen, which is reduced to water by the transfer of electrons and protons. This process generates a large amount of energy that is used to power cellular processes.
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A 10-gram rubber ball was launched at a wall several times. The speed of the ball was measured after it hit the wall and bounced
off. The force that the ball applied to the wall was also measured. The table below shows the data collected during the investigation.
Force Investigation Data
Force on Wall Return Speed after Bounce
5 m/s
1.5 N
9 m/s
2.0 N
18 m/s
0.5 N
According to the data, what happens to the ball when it applies more force to the wall?
Answer: A. The wall push back on the ball with more force, which causes the return speed of the to increase.
Explanation: For every for exerted on an object, there is an equal force exerted in the opposite direction. When the ball hits the wall with more force, the wall pushes back on the ball with more force. This causes the return speed of the ball to increase. The force that the wall applies to the ball launches the ball in the opposite direction. The greater the force on the ball, the greater it’s speed becomes .
Answer: The wall pushes back on the ball with more force, which causes the return speed of the ball to increase.
Explanation: Correct on Study Island
Why group the microscopic molecules known to form substances
that we find in the world, such as water and salt?
Answer:
Explanation:
he gave you a virus, dont click it
the name of Cu(C2H3O2)2
Answer:
The name of the compound Cu(C2H3O2)2 is Copper(II) acetate.
In this name "Copper" refers to the element copper (Cu) and the "II" in parentheses refers to the oxidation state of copper which is +2. "Acetate" is the anion name of C2H3O2, which is the anion present in the compound.
The IUPAC name of the compound Cu(C\(_2\)H\(_3\)O\(_2\))\(_2\) is Copper(II) acetate. In this name, "Copper" means the chemical element copper (Cu), and the "II" in brackets stands for copper's +2 oxidation state.
Whether either an ongoing link or a ring, the greatest number of carbons joined by a single bond serves as the basis for IUPAC nomenclature. According to a certain set of priorities, any deviations, whether multiple bonds and atoms other than hydrogen and carbon, are denoted by prefixes or suffixes. In this name, "Copper" means the chemical element copper (Cu), and the "II" in brackets stands for copper's +2 oxidation state. The compound's anion, C\(_2\)H\(_3\)O\(_2\), is known by its anion name "acetate".
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Please help solve this question correctly, thanks :)
Answer: what question?
Explanation:
Answer:
theirs no question
Explanation:
no question or picture
Which atomic property does not vary according to rows and periods in the periodic table?
PLEASE HELP ME RIGHT ANSWERS ONLY 70 POINTS :)
Consider the solubility curve at right. identify the most likely compound for the curve labeled c
Potassium acetate (KC₂H₃O₂) is the solubility curve represented by the letter C.
option B is the correct answer.
What is solubility?Solubility is the amount of solute that dissolves in a solvent. The solubility of most solutes increases with an increase in the temperature of the solvent.
From the given graph we can conclude that the solubility of the curve labelled C given corresponds to the solubility of potassium compound and we can conclude that the compound is
KC₂H₃O₂Thus, potassium acetate (KC₂H₃O₂) is the solubility curve represented by the letter C.
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PLEASE HELP ASAP!!!!! (Show work and explanation please)
Suppose 200.0 g of ice absorb 1255.0 J of heat. What is the corresponding temperature change? Specific heat capacity of ice is 2.1 J/gC.
the answer is 6.0°C that is the solution
please answer
Classifying Unfamiliar Substances (Chemical names): Questions to be asking
1. Is it on the Periodic table?
a.Yes – Then its an element
b. No – Go to Number 2.
2. Is it an “Ide”?
a.Yes – Then it is a compound
b. No – Go to Number 3
3. Is it an “Ate”?
a.Yes – Then it is a compound
b. No – Go to Number 4
4. Is it an “Ane”?
a.Yes – Then it is a compound
b. No – Go to Number 5
5. Does it have “and” in it?
a.Yes – then it is a Mixture
b.No – then the substance could still be a Mixture
10
Substance
Classification
(eg Element)
Reason
Oxygen
Element
On periodic table
Petroleum
Hydrogen and
Helium
Iron Sulphide
Carbon Dioxide
Salt Water
Milk and Sugar
Silver Nitrate
Sodium Carbonate
Carbon Electrode
Astatine
Argon
Oxidane
Iron and Sulphur
Methane
Answer:
1) petroleum, mixture, not found on periodic table
2) hydrogen and helium, mixture, contains "and"
3) iron sulphide, compound, ends with "ide"
4) carbon dioxide, compound, ends with "ide"
5) salt water, mixture, not found on periodic table
6) milk and sugar, mixture, contains "and"
7) silver nitrate, compound, ends with "ate"
8) sodium carbonate, compound, ends with "ate"
9) carbon electrode, mixture, not found on periodic table
10) astatine, element, found on periodic table
11) argon, element, found on periodic table
12) oxidane, compound, contains "ane"
13) iron and sulphur, mixture, contains "and"
14) methane, compound, contains "ane"
Explanation:
What is the energy of the photons of a laser with a frequency of 5.75 x 10^12 Hz? (Hint: Remember to round your answer to the lowest number of significant figures.)
Planck's Constant =6.626 X 10^-34
Energy of a photon = Plancks constant x Frequency
Answer:
E = 3.81×10 ⁻²¹ J
Explanation:
Given data:
Frequency of photon = 5.75 ×10¹² Hz
Plancks constant = 6.626 ×10⁻³⁴ Js
Energy of photon = ?
Solution:
E = h×f
E = 6.626 ×10⁻³⁴ Js × 5.75 ×10¹² s⁻¹
E = 38.1×10 ⁻²² J
E = 3.81×10 ⁻²¹ J
Sonar stands for “sound navigation and ranging.” What assumption was proved wrong after the invention of sonar?
A.
The age of the ocean floor is variable.
B.
The ocean floor is featureless.
C.
The ocean floor is changing.
D.
The ocean floor is denser than continental crust.
The ocean floor being featureless was the assumption was proved wrong after the invention of sonar.
What is Sonar?This employs the use of sound propagation to measure the distance or presence of objects under the water.
This helped to show that the ocean floor had features such as canyons, mountains etc hence option B was chosen.
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How many moles of carbon dioxide are produced if 12 moles of water are produced?
Answer:
0? because they didn't mention anything about that
The boiling point of ethanol is 78. 3 degrees Celsius. The boiling point of
ethanol on the Kelvin scale is approximately. *
The boiling point of ethanol on the Kelvin scale is (273.15+78.3) = 351.45 approximately.
International consensus establishes the ice point and steam point as the two fixed points that make up the Celsius temperature scale. The steam point is established at 100° Celsius, while the ice point is 0° Celsius.
The proportion of 1/273.15 of the thermodynamic temperature of water's triple point is the definition of a Kelvin. The Kelvin is also known as the thermodynamic temperature scale.
As a unit for a unit, both scales are connected. A change of one unit on the Kelvin scale corresponds to a change of one degree on the Celsius scale. These two scales are identical save from the thermometer zero points.
As a result, the conversion formula is: add 273.15 to convert degrees Celsius to Kelvin, and remove 273.15 to convert Kelvin to degrees Celsius.
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silver chloride contains 56.34 % ag by mass. calculate the mass (in kg) of silver chloride required to plate 165 micrograms of ag.
The mass of silver chloride (AgCl) required is 390mg when it contains 56.34 % ag by mass and 165 micrograms of Ag.
Given silver chloride contains (p1) = 56.34 % ag by mass
Then, 1 mole of AgCl contains 0.5634 moles of Ag
1 mole of Ag is obtained from 1/0.5634 mole of AgCl
The mass of silver (Ag) = m = 165mg = 165 x 10^-6g
The atomic mass of silver (M) = 107g/mole
Then the number of moles of Ag required (n) = 165/107 = 0.00154mole
Now 0.00154 mole of Ag is obtained from = 0.00154/0.5634 = 0.00273 moles of AgCl.
The molar mass of AgCl = 143g/mole
mass of AgCl required = moles x molar mass = 0.00273 x 143 = 0.390g
Hence the mass of AgCl required is 390mg
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True of false: Natural resources are replaced through natural processes at a rate that is equal to or greater than the rate at which they are being used.
False: Natural resources are replaced through natural processes at a rate that is equal to or greater than the rate at which they are being used.
What are natural resources?
Natural resources are materials from the Earth that are used to support life and meet people's needs.
Any natural substance that humans use can be considered a natural resource.
Examples of natural resources include the following;
Crude oilCoal, Natural gasMetalsStoneSandAirSunlightSoilwater, etcThe process through which natural resources are removed from ground is called exploitation.
Natural resources such crude oil take millions of years to form, while human exploitations has increased exponentially with time, hence the rate at which exploitation takes place is greater than the rate at which the natural resources replenish.
Thus, the given statement about the rate at which natural resources are replenished through natural processes at a rate that is equal to or greater than the rate at which they are being used, is false.
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how does the number of silver atoms change when time advances each second?
The number of silver atoms does not change when time advances each second.
Silver atoms are indivisible units of matter, and they cannot be created or destroyed through ordinary chemical or physical processes. Therefore, the number of silver atoms in a given sample will remain constant over time, regardless of any changes in the conditions surrounding the sample.
In order for the number of silver atoms to change over time, there would need to be some kind of nuclear reaction or decay occurring within the sample. However, these processes are typically not relevant for most everyday scenarios involving silver. In general, the number of atoms in a given sample of a substance will remain constant as long as the sample is not undergoing any kind of chemical or physical transformation. For example, if you have a piece of solid silver metal, the number of atoms in that piece will remain constant over time as long as the metal is not exposed to any external factors (such as heat, radiation, or chemical reactions) that could cause it to change form.
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