Question 12 of 32 Which of the following do all living things have in common? O A. All living things are made up of at least one cell. B. All living things are made up of many cells. I O C. All living things eat other living things for energy. D. All living things breathe oxygen. SUBIN​

Chemical kinetics is the branch of chemistry that deals with reaction mechanisms and reaction rates.

Generally, chemical kinetics is defined as the description of the rate of a chemical reaction. This is the particular rate at which the reactants are basically transformed into products. This transformation may take place by abiotic or by biological means, such as microbial metabolism.

Chemical kinetics is also termed as the branch of chemistry that deals with the study of rate of the reaction and the mechanisms that are involved in rate. Chemical kinetics is important for study because while thermodynamics will tell us about the direction of spontaneous change, it is silent as to how fast processes will occur.

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

the nervous system helps parts of the body communicate.through nerves.

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A, O and D

and its sulfur luv ♡ not sulphur

The given statement "Carbon in the ocean originates from the atmosphere" is true because Carbon is one of the most vital elements on Earth and is involved in various biogeochemical cycles, including the carbon cycle.

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The correct question would be as

Carbon in the ocean originates from the atmosphere. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. True or False

For an FCC crystal: calculate the density of atoms (atoms/a² where a is the lattice constant) for the (100), (110) and (111) planesThe unit cell of a FCC crystal is shown below:Here, each corner atom contributes 1 atom, and each face atom contributes 1/2 atoms.

For (100) plane:Length of unit cell along (100) plane direction = a Density of atoms = No. of atoms / Area of the plane Area of the plane = a²Density of atoms for (100) plane = 4 / a²For (110) plane:Length of unit cell along (110) plane direction = a√2Density of atoms = No. of atoms / Area of the plane Area of the plane = a x a√2Density of atoms for (110) plane = 2 x 2 / (a x a√2) = 4√2 / a²

For (111) plane:Length of unit cell along (111) plane direction = a√3Density of atoms = No. of atoms / Area of the plane Area of the plane = a²√3/2 Density of atoms for (111) plane = 3 x 4 / (a²√3) = 4√3 / a²Hence, the density of atoms for the (100), (110) and (111) planes in an FCC crystal are as follows:For (100) plane: 4 / a²For (110) plane: 4√2 / a²For (111) plane: 4√3 / a².

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The number of energy levels of zirconium is 5, and I know this because it is located in family five. Families are the rows across on the periodic table. The family number is always equal to the number of energy levels.Zirconium: properties of free atoms. Zirconium atoms have 40 electrons and the shell structure is 2.8.

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Explanation:

The direction of the polarity of a bond can be indicated using the symbols δ+ and δ-.

When two atoms with different electronegativities are bonded together, the electrons in the bond are not shared equally. The atom with higher electronegativity attracts the electrons more strongly, resulting in a partial negative charge (δ-) on that atom and a partial positive charge (δ+) on the other atom. These partial charges are represented by the symbols δ+ and δ-, respectively.

In the first step, the δ+ symbol is placed above the atom that has the partial positive charge, indicating the direction of the polarity. Similarly, the δ- symbol is placed above the atom with the partial negative charge, indicating the direction of the polarity.

The δ+ symbol represents the atom that is electron-deficient and has a higher electron density, while the δ- symbol represents the atom that is electron-rich and has a lower electron density. These symbols help in visualizing the polarity of the bond and understanding the distribution of charge within the molecule.

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Answer:

D: Chlorine( I may be wrong my chemistry year was a nightmare)

The awnser is chlorine (Cl) trust me

The option that best describes how to correct the Wiliam error, is The third result, should state that the kinetic energy of the ejected electrons depends only on the frequency of the photons. Correct answer: letter D.

Since, the best way to correct Wiliam's error is to edit the third result to state that the kinetic energy of the ejected electrons depends only on the frequency of the photons. This can be done by replacing the existing sentence with the new sentence, or simply adding it as an additional statement.

The photoelectric effect, first explained by Albert Einstein in 1905, is the phenomenon in which electrons are emitted from the surface of a metal when light of a certain frequency, or energy level, is shone upon it.

The photoelectric effect was first observed by William Hallwachs in 1887. Hallwachs observed that when light was shone on a metal, an electric current was produced. This current was proportional to the intensity of the light and independent of its frequency, leading him to conclude that the energy of the light was being transferred to the electrons in the metal.

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Answer:

C. I (iodine)

Explanation:

it would be Iodine because it has 5 energy levels of electrons and has a total of 74 neutrons inside its nucleus!

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Answer:

Quantitative experiments show that 4.18 Joules of heat energy are required to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1°C. Thus, a liter (1000g) of water that increased from 24 to 25°C has absorbed 4.18 J/g°C x 1000g x 1°C or 4180 Joules of energy.

Atomic number = 15 and mass number = 31 where an atom has 15 protons, 15 electrons and 16 neutrons.

An atom consists of a central nucleus that is usually surrounded by one or more electrons.

The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom or the number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom. Atomic number = Number of protons.

Mass number is the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom.

Hence, atomic number=15 and mass number=31.

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Based on the given empirical formula C2H3O2, the compound could be either I (C4H6O4) or III (C3H4O3).

To determine the compound from the empirical formula C2H3O2, we need to consider the possible combinations of atoms that would satisfy the given ratios.

The empirical formula C2H3O2 suggests that the compound contains 2 carbon atoms, 3 hydrogen atoms, and 2 oxygen atoms. Let's analyze each candidate compound:

I. C4H6O4: This compound has 4 carbon atoms, 6 hydrogen atoms, and 4 oxygen atoms. It satisfies the ratio of carbon and hydrogen, but it has 2 more oxygen atoms than indicated by the empirical formula. Therefore, it could be a possible compound.

II. C3H8O: This compound has 3 carbon atoms, 8 hydrogen atoms, and 1 oxygen atom. It does not satisfy the ratio of carbon and hydrogen indicated by the empirical formula. Therefore, it cannot be the compound.

III. C3H4O3: This compound has 3 carbon atoms, 4 hydrogen atoms, and 3 oxygen atoms. It satisfies the ratio of carbon and hydrogen, but it has 1 more oxygen atom than indicated by the empirical formula. However, it is still a possible compound since there could be different structural isomers with the same empirical formula.

Based on the analysis, compounds I (C4H6O4) and III (C3H4O3) could both be the compound with the empirical formula C2H3O2.

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The pKa value of the functional group classes represented by the given molecules will depend on the specific molecule and its structure. Generally, the pKa value of an OH group is around 16, while the pKa value of an NH group is around 10-12.

Molecule is a collection of two or more atoms that are held together by chemical bonds that are formed when electrons are shared between atoms. Molecules can range from simple diatomic molecules, like oxygen, to complex proteins and DNA molecules. Molecules can be composed of elements from the same or different groups of the periodic table. The atoms that compose molecules may be of different sizes and have different properties.

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Acids are compounds that produce hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. They have a sour taste and turn blue litmus paper red. When acids are tested with litmus paper, the paper changes color from blue to red.

Acidic substances are those with a pH of less than 7.0. Acids can be classified as strong or weak based on the concentration of hydrogen ions they produce when dissolved in water. Strong acids are those that ionize completely in water to produce hydrogen ions and are strong electrolytes. Weak acids, on the other hand, ionize partially in water, producing fewer hydrogen ions than strong acids, and are weak electrolytes.

Litmus paper is an acid-base indicator that helps to identify whether a substance is acidic or basic. It is a paper that has been impregnated with litmus dye, a complex mixture of organic compounds that change color in response to changes in the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.

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The overall combustion energy for the reaction is -110 kJ/mol.

The enthalpy of reaction, denoted as ΔH, is a measure of the heat energy exchanged or released during a chemical reaction at constant pressure. It represents the change in the internal energy of the system and is commonly referred to as the heat of reaction.

We know that the overall energy is given by;

[(2(805) + 2(464)] - [4(413) + 2(498)]

(1610 + 928) - (1652 + 996)

2538 - 2648

= -110 kJ/mol

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Cx(H2O)y is the general formula for carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are the carbon hydrate in its natural form.

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Pigments that are absorbed strongly tend to move more slowly than those that are absorbed weakly. This is because strong absorption means that the pigment is more tightly bound to the surface it is on, which results in less movement.

Additionally, the size and shape of the pigment molecule also affect its movement. Larger and more complex molecules tend to move more slowly than smaller and simpler ones. This is because larger molecules experience more friction as they move through a medium, which slows them down.
It's important to note that the movement of pigments is also influenced by external factors such as temperature, pressure, and the nature of the medium they are in. In general, a higher temperature and lower pressure will increase the movement of pigments, while a more viscous medium will slow them down.
In summary, pigments that are absorbed strongly tend to move more slowly, but their movement can also be affected by factors such as size, shape, temperature, pressure, and the nature of the medium they are in.

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A photon has a frequency of 2.68 × \(10^6\) Hz then the energy of a photon is \(1.78\times10^{-27}\text{J}\).

What is meant by Planck's equation?

Planck's energy–frequency relation, or Planck's equation, gives the relationship between the energy of a photon and frequency. This equation is given by,

E = hv

Where, E be the energy of a photon

h be the Planck constant

v be the frequency

Given:

Frequency is 2.68 × \(10^6\)

Planck's constant is 6.63 × \(10^{-34}\) Js

The energy of a photon is given by,

E = hv

substitute the values in the above equation, we get

= 6.63 × \(10^{-34}\) Js × 2.68 × \(10^6\) Hz

simplifying the above equation, we get

= 1.78 × \(10^{-27}\) J

The energy of the photon is 1.78 × \(10^{-27}\) J.

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The radioisotope that would decay the most ought to be Fr-220. Option C

The term half life of the radioactive isotope has to do with the time that it would take for us to have only half of the number of the original radioactive atoms to be left. We have to find the half life of each of the isotopes so that we can be able to get the one that has decayed the most.

For P - 32

Half life = 14.3 days

Using;

N/No = (1/2)^t/\(t_{\frac{1}{2} }\)

N = amount present at time t

No = initial amount

t = time taken

\(t_{\frac{1}{2} }\) = half life

Hence;

N/10 = (1/2)^28/14.3

N =  (1/2)^28/14.3 * 10

N = 2.6 g

For Kr-85

Half life 10.76 years or 3927.4 days

N/10 =  (1/2)^3927.4/28

N =  (1/2)^3927.4/28 * 10

N = 5.97 * 10^-47 g

For Fr-220;

27.40 seconds or 0.00032 days

N/10 =  (1/2)^0.00032 days/28 days

N =  (1/2)^0.00032 days/28 days * 10

N = 10 g

For  I-131

Half life = 8 days

N/10 =  (1/2)^8/28

N = (1/2)^8/28 * 10

N = 8.2 g

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Propanoic acid is a carboxylic acid derived from propane. It has a wide range of applications in industry and is an important chemical in the production of many products.

Propanoic acid is the name of the carboxylic acid derived from propane. Propanoic acid, also known as propionic acid, is a carboxylic acid with a three-carbon chain and a single carboxyl group. It has the formula CH3CH2COOH and is a clear, colourless liquid with a pungent, rancid odor. Propanoic acid is commonly used as a food preservative and has a variety of industrial applications, including in the production of cellulose acetate propionate, herbicides, and pharmaceuticals. It is also used as a feed additive in livestock to promote growth and increase feed efficiency.

The process of deriving propanoic acid from propane involves the addition of a carboxyl group (-COOH) to the carbon chain of propane. This is achieved through a process known as carboxylation, which involves the reaction of propane with carbon dioxide (CO2) in the presence of a catalyst. The resulting product is propanoic acid, which can be purified and isolated through distillation or other separation techniques. In conclusion, propanoic acid is a carboxylic acid derived from propane. It has a wide range of applications in industry and is an important chemical in the production of many products.

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The given reaction is a functional group transformation as it involves the conversion of an aldehyde functional group into an alcohol functional group. The reagent that can accomplish this transformation is LiAlH4. The correct option is 4.

LiAlH4 is a powerful reducing agent that can reduce various functional groups including aldehydes, ketones, and esters to their corresponding alcohols. After the addition of LiAlH4, the reaction mixture is treated with H3O+ to complete the reaction. This step is called acid work-up, and it helps to remove any excess LiAlH4 and to convert the intermediate aluminum hydride species into a stable alcohol product.

In summary, the reaction can be accomplished by adding LiAlH4 followed by H3O+ (then acid work-up). LiAlH4 reduces the aldehyde functional group to an alcohol, and H3O+ helps to complete the reaction and obtain the desired alcohol product. It is important to note that LiAlH4 is a strong reducing agent and must be handled with care as it can react violently with water and air.

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Explanation:

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Moles of Chemicals.

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Using the balanced chemical equation determine the number of moles of each species in the reaction 2N2(g) + 302(g) → 2N2O3 (g)

The balanced chemical equation is:

2N2(g) + 3O2(g) → 2N2O3(g)

According to the equation, 2 moles of N2 react with 3 moles of O2 to produce 2 moles of N2O3.

Therefore, the molar ratio of N2 to N2O3 is 2:2 or 1:1, and the molar ratio of O2 to N2O3 is 3:2.

This means that for every 2 moles of N2O3 produced, 3 moles of O2 are consumed, and 2 moles of N2 are consumed.

Therefore, the number of moles of each species in the reaction can be determined as follows:

Number of moles of N2: 2 moles

Number of moles of O2: 3 moles

Number of moles of N2O3: 2 moles

Answer:

A colloid is a mixture composed of particles in a dispersing medium. A colloid is defined by the size of the particles involved. If the particles in a mixture are on the scale of individual molecules, around 1 nanometer, it is defined as a solution. If the particles are larger than 1,000 nanometers, it is a suspension.

Explanation:

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The characteristics of colloids are (i) It is a heterogeneous solution (ii) Two phases are present in this solution (iii) It exhibit Tyndall effect (iv) It also exhibit Brownian movement.

Colloids is also called Colloidal system or Colloidal solutions are mixture in which one substance microscopically dispersed  insoluble particle is suspended throughout another substance.

The characteristics of colloids are:

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The characteristics of colloids are (i) It is a heterogeneous solution (ii) Two phases are present in this solution (iii) It exhibit Tyndall effect (iv) It also exhibit Brownian movement.

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Answer:

The electrochemical equivalent of copper, Cu, is 3.29015544 × 10⁻⁷ g/C

Explanation:

The given parameters are;

The element for which the electrochemical equivalent is sought = Copper

The atomic mass of copper = 63.5

The electrochemical equivalent, 'Z', of an element or a substance is the mass, 'm', of the element or substance deposited by one coulomb of electricity, which is equivalent to a 1 ampere current flowing for a period of 1 second

Mathematically, we have;

m = Z·I·t = Z·Q

We have;

Cu²⁺ (aq) + 2·e⁻ → Cu

Therefore, one mole of Cu, is deposited by 2 moles of electrons

The charge carried one mole of electrons = 1 Faraday = 96500 C

∴ The charge carried two moles of electrons, Q = 2 × 96500 C = 193,000 C

Given that the mass of an atom of Cu = 63.5 a.m.u., the mass of one mole of Cu, m = 63.5 g

\(Z = \dfrac{m}{Q} = \dfrac{63.5 \ g}{193,000 \ C} = 3.29015544 \times 10^{-4} \, g \cdot C^{-1}\)

∴ Z = 3.29015544 × 10⁻⁴ g/C = 3.29015544 × 10⁻⁷ g/C

The electrochemical equivalent of copper, Cu, is Z = 3.29015544 × 10⁻⁷ g/C

The main reservoirs of the carbon cycle are the atmosphere, oceans, land (including vegetation and soils), and fossil fuels. In these reservoirs, carbon exists in both inorganic and organic forms.

The inorganic carbon cycle involves the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) between the atmosphere and oceans through processes like photosynthesis and respiration.

Organic carbon, on the other hand, is found in living organisms, dead organic matter, and soil organic matter. It is cycled through processes such as decomposition and consumption by organisms. The interactions between the inorganic and organic carbon cycles occur primarily in the biosphere, where photosynthesis converts inorganic carbon into organic carbon compounds. While inorganic carbon is primarily in the form of CO2, organic carbon is present in complex organic molecules. Both forms of carbon play crucial roles in energy transfer, nutrient cycling, and climate regulation.

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Both small and large stars can increase in size when core hydrogen is used up. However, only large stars may turn into a black hole at the end of their life.

Both small and large stars can increase in size when core hydrogen is used up. However, only large stars may turn into a black hole at the end of their life. Small stars, on the other hand, become a white dwarf when fusion ends. Large stars, after the supernova phase, become a neutron star. Both small and large stars are capable of fusing hydrogen for billions or trillions of years, which is what powers them throughout their life. These stars have different life cycles and outcomes based on their size, mass, and other factors. Understanding the lives of stars, including both small and large stars, can help us understand the universe we live in and the processes that drive it.

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The equation below is photosynthesis .

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → \(C_{6} H_{12} O_{6}\) + 6O₂

Water and carbon dioxide are converted into food by the process of photosynthesis , which occurs in the presence of sunlight in plants and photosynthetic bacteria . They create oxygen as a byproduct and glucose as the food . The photosynthesis equation is given as ,

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → \(C_{6} H_{12} O_{6}\) + 6O₂

This indicates that the reactants, six carbon dioxide molecules and six water molecules, are transformed into a sugar molecule and six oxygen molecules, the products, by light energy being absorbed by chlorophyll (implied by the arrow).

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The point that is not an advantage of supercritical fluid chromatography is it enables the study of molecules at their critical triple point which enhances the resolution.

Chromatography is a seperation technique commonly used to isolate or seperate molecules based on their properties such as polarity. The supercritical fluid holds ability to act as both gas and liquid at a specific pressure and temperature termed critical pressure and temperature.

Besides holding numerous advantages as mentioned in option, the supercritical fluid chromatography can not enhance the resolution or allow studying molecules at supercritical point.

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