Q. N. 12. State Avogadro’s hypothesis. A certain element   X  forms  two different compounds with chlorine containing   50. 68% and  74. 75 %  chlorine respectively. Show  how these data illustrate the law of multiple proportions. ​

Answer:

no thanks

Explanation:

Answer:

I'd be down.

Explanation:

Dilute 8 ml of 0.5 M phosphate buffer with 160 ml of water to make 200 ml of 20 mM phosphate buffer.

To make 200 ml of 20 mM phosphate buffer, first calculate the amount of 0.5 M phosphate buffer needed. The desired concentration (C1) is 20 mM and the stock solution concentration (C2) is 0.5 M.

Using the dilution equation, C1V1 = C2V2, where V1 is the volume of the desired concentration and V2 is the volume of the stock solution, V2 = (C1V1)/C2 = (20 mM x 200 ml)/0.5 M = 8 ml.

Therefore, 40 ml of the 0.5 M phosphate buffer must be diluted with 160 ml of water to make 200 ml of 20 mM phosphate buffer.

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A and B are both correct statements about the role of valence electrons in chemical reactivity. C is not correct - while filled valence sublevels do provide some stability, they do not necessarily give "exceptional stability" and are not always required for an atom or ion to be stable.

the role of valence electrons in chemical reactivity using the terms you've provided:

A. Valence electrons are indeed the electrons that participate in chemical reactions, as they are the farthest from the nucleus and thus more easily involved in bonding.

B. The number of valence electrons lost or gained to achieve a noble gas configuration determines the ions formed by main-group elements, which typically strive for stability.

C. Filled valence s and p sublevels do provide exceptional stability to atoms or ions, as they achieve a stable electron configuration similar to noble gases.

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Forward component of the reaction When CO₂ is added to water, it dissolves and reacts to form carbonic acid (H₂CO3) in the forward reaction.

The formula CO₂ + H₂O → H₂CO3 → H* + HCO3 represents the carbon dioxide equilibrium. The forward and reverse components of the reaction can be explained as follows:  H₂CO3 has two possible reactions: It either releases a hydrogen ion (H+) and forms bicarbonate (HCO3-) or it releases two hydrogen ions (2H+) to form carbonate (CO32-) and water (H₂O).

CO₂ + H₂O → H₂CO3 → H+ + HCO3Reverse component of the reactionWhen hydrogen ions (H+) are added to bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) or carbonate ions (CO32-), the reverse reaction takes place and carbonic acid (H₂CO3) is formed. Carbonic acid (H₂CO3) can also be decomposed into carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O).

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Answer:

Which option is an example of a heterogeneous mixture?

=A saltwater

Answer:

B: A salad

Explanation:

you separate the ingredients of the salad

The three things are the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons that can be discovered about an element using the periodic table.

The protons, neutrons, and electrons are the three primary atomic particles. The quantity of protons in an atom is indicated by its atomic number. This is what distinguishes one element from other elements. While maintaining its elemental nature, an atom can gain or lose electrons or neutrons. A period table gives u information about the number of protons by telling you the atomic number. Hence, number of electrons and neutrons can also be discovered.

The tabular arrangement of all chemical elements according to their individual atomic numbers is known as the periodic table. The horizontal rows and vertical columns of the periodic table are referred to as "periods" and "groups," respectively.

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The best assessment of Gina's prediction is that the several medium-sized cubes will dissolve faster than the large cube of sugar.

The surface area of a substance refers to the total area on the surface of that object.

Surface area plays a vital role in the dissolution of a substance. When a solute dissolves, the action takes place only at the surface of each particle.

This suggests that when the total surface area of the solute particles is increased, the solute dissolves more rapidly, hence, the best assessment of Gina's prediction is that the several medium-sized cubes will dissolve faster.

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The first double bond in an omega-3 fatty acid is located at the third carbon atom from the omega end of the molecule.

The omega end refers to the methyl group (CH3) at the end of the fatty acid chain, while the opposite end of the chain is called the alpha end. The double bond in an omega-3 fatty acid is between the third and fourth carbon atoms, counting from the omega end. This double bond is what makes omega-3 fatty acids unique and beneficial to our health. It changes the structure of the molecule and makes it more flexible, which helps it to function properly in our bodies. Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats, which means they have multiple double bonds in their chain.

The location of the double bond is important because it determines the shape and function of the fatty acid. In omega-3 fatty acids, the first double bond is located three carbons away from the omega end, while in omega-6 fatty acids, the first double bond is located six carbons away from the omega end. This small difference in location has a big impact on the function of these fatty acids in our bodies.

In summary, the first double bond in an omega-3 fatty acid is located at the third carbon atom from the omega end of the molecule. This double bond is what makes omega-3 fatty acids unique and beneficial to our health, and its location determines the shape and function of the fatty acid in our bodies.

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Answer:

Exotic is something that’s is unique and you can only find it or this thing in some places. The answer is the rare type of flower.

Explanation:

Answer:

This answer I think it is Al,F

D: Warm, moist air cools and water vapor in the air condenses to form droplets of liquid water. The process of water vapor condensing into liquid water droplets is known as condensation.

Clouds and rain form when warm, moist air rises and cools. As the air cools, it becomes less able to hold moisture and the water vapor in the air condenses into tiny droplets, forming clouds. If the clouds continue to grow and the droplets combine, they become large enough to fall to the ground as rain. Clouds form when moist air rises and cools, causing the water vapor in the air to condense into tiny droplets or ice crystals. The cooling can be caused by a number of factors, such as the air rising over a mountain or when warm, moist air meets cooler air.

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Answer:

4.0 kg

Explanation:

M = W/g = 39.2/9.8 = 4.0 kg

sorry if its wrong-

\(\sf C) 1.8 \times 10^{23}\)

\(\red{ \underline { \boxed{ \sf{Moles\: of \: Ca(OH)_2 = \frac{mass\: of\: Ca(OH)_2}{molar\:mass \: of \: Ca(OH)_2}}}}}\)

\(\begin{gathered}\\\implies\quad \sf Moles \:of \:Ca(OH)_2 = \frac{7.41}{74.1} \\\end{gathered} \)

\(\begin{gathered}\\\implies\quad \sf Moles\: of\: Ca(OH)_2 = \frac{1}{10}\\\end{gathered}\)

\(\sf Ca(OH)_2\) dissociate into ions as-

\(\green{ \underline { \boxed{ \sf{Ca(OH)_2 \longrightarrow Ca^{2+} + 2OH^{-}}}}}\)

\(\leadsto\) 1 mole of \(\sf Ca(OH)_2\) will dissociate into 1 mole of \(\sf Ca^{2+}\) and 2 moles of \(\sf 2OH^{-}\)

\(\leadsto\)Similarly, 1\10 mole of \(\sf Ca(OH)_2\) will dissociate into 1\10 mole of \(\sf Ca^{2+}\) and 2\10 moles of \(\sf 2OH^{-}\)

\(\\\)

\(\maltese\) Total number of ions = \(\sf Number\: of \:Ca^{2+} ion \) +\(\sf Number\: of \:0H^{-} ion \)

\(\begin{gathered}\\\implies\quad \sf \frac{1}{\cancel{10}} \times 6.022 \times \cancel{10^{23}}+ \frac{2}{ \cancel{10}} \times 6.022 \times \cancel{10^{23}} \\\end{gathered} \)

\(\begin{gathered}\\\implies\quad \sf 6.022 \times 10^{22}+ 2\times 6.022 \times 10^{22} \\\end{gathered} \)

\(\begin{gathered}\\\implies\quad \sf 6.022 \times 10^{22}+ 12.044 \times 10^{22} \\\end{gathered} \)

\(\begin{gathered}\\\implies\quad \sf (6.022+12.044) \times 10^{22}\\\end{gathered} \)

\(\begin{gathered}\\\implies\quad \sf 18.066 \times 10^{22}\\\end{gathered} \)

\(\begin{gathered}\\\implies\quad \sf 1.8066 \times 10^{23}\\\end{gathered} \)

\(\begin{gathered}\\\implies\quad \sf 1.8 \times 10^{23}\quad(1.8066 \approx 1.8)\\\end{gathered} \)

The total number of ions in 7.41 g of calcium hydroxide, \(\sf Ca(OH)_2 = 1.8 \times 10^{23}\)

The total number of ions in 7.41 g of calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)₂ will be approximately 1.8 × 10²³. Option C is correct.

To calculate the total number of ions in a given amount of a compound, we need to determine the number of ions contributed by each type of ion in the compound and then add them together.

The compound is calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)₂, which contains calcium ions (Ca²⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻).

Calcium Ions (Ca²⁺):

The molar mass of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) will be 74.1 g/mol. From the formula, we can see that there is one calcium ion (Ca²⁺) present in each formula unit of calcium hydroxide. Given the molar mass of calcium hydroxide (74.1 g/mol), one mole of calcium hydroxide contains 1 mole of calcium ions.

Hydroxide Ions (OH⁻):

In each formula unit of calcium hydroxide, there are two hydroxide ions (OH⁻). Therefore, one mole of calcium hydroxide contains 2 moles of hydroxide ions.

Now, let's calculate the number of moles of calcium hydroxide in 7.41 g using its molar mass:

Number of moles = Mass / Molar mass

Number of moles = 7.41 g / 74.1 g/mol

Number of moles = 0.1 mol

Since one mole of calcium hydroxide contains 2 moles of hydroxide ions, the total number of hydroxide ions in 0.1 mole of calcium hydroxide is:

Number of hydroxide ions = 2 moles (hydroxide ions/mole of Ca(OH)₂) × 0.1 moles (Ca(OH)₂)

Number of hydroxide ions = 0.2 moles

Now, we can calculate the total number of ions by adding the number of calcium ions and the number of hydroxide ions:

Total number of ions = Number of calcium ions + Number of hydroxide ions

Total number of ions = 1 mole (calcium ions/mole of Ca(OH)₂) × 0.1 moles (Ca(OH)₂) + 0.2 moles (hydroxide ions/mole of Ca(OH)₂) × 0.1 moles (Ca(OH)₂)

Total number of ions = 0.1 + 0.2 = 0.3 moles

Finally, use the Avogadro constant to convert moles to the total number of ions:

Total number of ions = 0.3 moles × 6.0 × 10²³ ions/mol

Total number of ions = 1.8 × 10²³ ions

Therefore, the total number of ions is 1.8 × 10²³ ions.

Hence, C. is the correct option.

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Answer:

D. The resulting solution does not conduct electricity.

Explanation:

Hello there!

In this case, for the given chemical reaction we can say that:

A. it is true because the nitric acid ionizes into hydrogen and nitrate ions

B. it is a decomposition reaction because the acid is partitioned into the composing ions.

C. it is ionized to hydrogen cations and nitrate anions.

D. this is incorrect because nitric acid is a strong electrolyte able to conduct the electricity.

Regards!

Answer:

Fission and fusion are two physical processes that produce massive amounts of energy from atoms. They yield millions of times more energy than other sources through nuclear reactions.

Explanation:

Hope this answer your question.

Answer:

C) Decreases

Explanation:

Density and volume are inversely related to each other.

Hope this helped :)

Expressing this answer in scientific notation, the amount of N2 produced according to the engineer's design would be approximately 1.467 x 10^1 mol.

To determine the amount of N2 produced in the reaction between dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) and excess hydrazine (N2H4), we need to consider the stoichiometry of the reaction.

The balanced equation for the reaction is:

N2H4 + N2O4 → N2 + 2H2O

According to the stoichiometry of the reaction, for every one mole of N2H4, one mole of N2 is produced. The molar mass of N2H4 is approximately 32.05 g/mol.

Given that the rocket is designed to hold 1.35 kg (1350 g) of N2O4, we can calculate the moles of N2H4 required:

Moles of N2H4 = Mass of N2O4 / Molar mass of N2O4

Moles of N2H4 = 1350 g / 92.01 g/mol ≈ 14.67 mol

Since the stoichiometry is 1:1, the amount of N2 produced will be equal to the moles of N2H4:

Moles of N2 produced = Moles of N2H4 ≈ 14.67 mol

Expressing this answer in scientific notation, the amount of N2 produced according to the engineer's design would be approximately 1.467 x 10^1 mol.

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A polar substance is HCl. Due to its higher electronegative nature and unequal distribution of the bonding electrons with Hydrogen in the HCl molecule, Chlorine (Cl) atom (H). Yet, the molecules H2 and Cl2 are not polar since both atoms in the molecules have similar electronegativity.

As the bonds between the two atoms in the Cl2 Cl 2 molecule are identical, it is nonpolar. Hence, the electronegativity of the two atoms would not differ from one another. As a result of the nonpolar nature of the bond, the entire molecule is also nonpolar. The shared pair of electrons in a chlorine molecule (Cl2) is attracted to both chlorine atoms in an equal amount, creating a nonpolar connection.Chlorine is therefore a non-polar chemical. Yet, the bonding electrons in H-Cl are not distributed equally between the two atoms. As it has a linear symmetry and two chlorine atoms with equal electronegativity, Cl2 (chlorine) is nonpolar in nature. Because of the same charge distribution on both atoms and the molecule's zero dipole moment, the chlorine molecule is nonpolar.

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From the calculation, the volume of the gas is 12.6 L

We can define the pressure of a gas as the force that the gas exerts per unit area of the container. Now we knw that we can be able to obtain the volume  of the gas by the use of the ideal gas equation.

Now;

Number of moles =  40g/58 g/mol = 0.69 moles

1 mole of butane occupies 22.4 L

0.69 moles of butane occupies  0.69 moles  *  22.4 L/ 1mole

= 15.5 L

Now;

P1 =760 Torr

V1 =  15.5 L

T1 = 273 K

P2 =  1000 Torr

V2 = ?

T2 =  18°C + 273 = 291 K

P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

P1V1T2 = P2V2T1

V2 = P1V1T2/P2T1

V2 = 760 Torr * 15.5 L * 291 K/1000 Torr * 273 K

V2 =12.6 L

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In the given reaction, the substance that is the base of the reaction is \(CaSO_4\). The correct option is C.

The base is a slippery liquid that is bitter and turns red litmus paper to blue.

Bases react with acids to form salts.

Then bases have pH above 7.

Examples of bases are calcium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, etc.

Thus, the correct option is C.

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Answer:

D. Ca(OH)2 (aq)

Explanation:

Correct on Edge 2022!!!

Good luck everyone, you got this! Have a great day!

Answer:

Carbonic acid in ocean waters dissolves calcium carbonate that forms coral reefs.

Explanation:

I took the quiz and got it right

The acid rain is toxic to vegetation and aquatic life. The elements like calcium or magnesium can act as the buffer which neutralize the acid rain.

The normal pH of rain water is 5.6 due to the formation of H⁺ ions from the reaction between CO₂ and water. When it drops below 5.6, it is called acid rain. Leather, paper, etc. are disintegrated by the acid rain.

The oxides of sulphur and nitrogen, phosphoric acid present in the polluted air dissolve in rain water making it more acidic. SO₂ and NO₂ are the major contributors of acid rain.

The rocks with high amounts of calcium like limestone and dolomite are effective in lowering the acidity of water from precipitation which infiltrates underground. In places with soils having calcium, the effect of acid rain can be held by keeping the pH of ground water to remain near neutral or alkaline.

Thus limestone neutralize acid rain.

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Explanation:

1)Noble gases have stable valence electron of 2 and 8.

2)B- ionic compounds do not require sharing of electron.

3)B- sodium and oxygen will likely form a covalent compound.

4) C- potassium

5) A- polar bonding

6)

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ 3d⁵ is the electronic configuration of Cr. the correct answer is D.

There are 24 electrons in all, according to the electron arrangement. A neutral atom will contain 24 protons if it has 24 electrons. The element is determined by its proton count. Chromium, symbol Cr, is the 24th element.

Since Cr contains 24 protons and the +2 charge would result in the nucleus having 26 protons, Cr²⁺ is invalid.  Cu is made up of 29 protons. The copper would be Cu⁵⁺ as there are only 24 electrons. Cu²⁺ was rejected for the same reason.

Therefore, 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ 3d⁵ is the electronic configuration of Cr.

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The Kc for the reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇆ 2NH3(g) at 495°C is approximately 25.37.

To find the Kc for the reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇆ 2NH3(g), given that Kp is 0.000483 at 495°C, you need to use the relationship between Kc and Kp. This relationship is given by the formula:

K = Kc × (RT)ⁿ

Where:
- Kp is the equilibrium constant in terms of pressure
- Kc is the equilibrium constant in terms of concentration
- R is the universal gas constant (0.0821 L atm/mol K)
- T is the temperature in Kelvin (495°C = 768 K)
- Δn is the change in the number of moles of gas (which is the difference between the moles of products and reactants: 2 - (1 + 3) = -2)

Now, rearrange the formula to solve for Kc:

Kc = Kp / (RT)⁻²

Plug in the given values:

Kc = 0.000483 / ((0.0821 L atm/mol K) × (768 K))⁻²

Kc = 0.000483 / (0.0821 × 768)⁻²

Kc ≈ 25.37

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Answer:

the solution becomes less concentrated... meaning there is a decrease in acidity ...hence the pH slightly increases as lesser ph

means more acidity

The net ionic equation for the behavior of ethylamine (C₂H₅NH₂) as a Bronsted-Lowry base in water is:

C₂H₅NH₂ + H₂O → C₂H₅NH₃⁺ + OH⁻

The net ionic equation for the behavior of benzoic acid (C₆H₅COOH) as a Bronsted-Lowry acid in water is:

C₆H₅COOH + H₂O → C₆H₅COO⁻ + H₃O⁺

In water, ethylamine (C₂H₅NH₂) can act as a Bronsted-Lowry base by accepting a proton (H⁺) from water. The reaction can be represented by the net ionic equation: C₂H₅NH₂ + H₂O → C₂H₅NH₃⁺ + OH⁻. In this equation, ethylamine (C₂H₅NH₂) accepts a proton from water (H₂O) to form the ethylammonium ion (C₂H₅NH₃⁺) and hydroxide ion (OH⁻). This shows the base behavior of ethylamine as it accepts a proton.

On the other hand, benzoic acid (C₆H₅COOH) can act as a Bronsted-Lowry acid in water by donating a proton (H⁺) to water. The reaction can be represented by the net ionic equation: C₆H₅COOH + H₂O → C₆H₅COO⁻ + H₃O⁺.

In this equation, benzoic acid (C₆H₅COOH) donates a proton to water (H₂O) to form the benzoate ion (C₆H₅COO⁻) and hydronium ion (H₃O⁺). This demonstrates the acid behavior of benzoic acid as it donates a proton.

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The answers include the following:

This is referred to as the different types of methods which could be natural or artificial and employs the removal of excess water from a certain area or place.

Water in homes is drained through larger pipes which carry it into collection systems so as to prevent the risk of pollution and contamination of other areas.

Grey water path doesn't involve wastewater from the toilet while the black water comes from only the toilet which is why they were chosen as the correct choice.

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To determine the order of the reaction with respect to each reactant, we must compare how the reaction rate changes when its concentration changes.

We have in experiment one the same concentration of reactants and a speed equal to 8.0x10^-4 mol/(L.s).

Now, in the second experiment, the concentration of BrO3 doubles, and the rest of the reagents remain the same. The speed is also doubled since 8.0x10^-4 x 2 = 1.6 x 10^-3.

The same happens with Br-, in the third experiment. The rate doubles as the Br concentration doubles.

So for these two reactants, the rate of reaction will be first-order, since as the concentration increases the rate increases in the same proportion.

Now, for H+ we have that by doubling the concentration the rate quadruples. This means that the reaction order is second order. When changing the concentration, the speed changes in order equal to 2

Answer:

the order of reaction will be:

Respect BrO3-: First order

Respect Br-: First order

Respect H+: Second order

The heat of reaction at constant pressure when 150 ml of 0.5 M HCl is mixed with 250 ml of 0.2 M \(Ba(OH)_2\) is -2.855 kJ/mol.

To calculate the heat of the reaction, first we have to write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction, followed by calculating the number of moles of the reactants involved. Then, we use the stoichiometric coefficients to find the limiting reactant and calculate the heat of the reaction. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:

HCl + \(Ba(OH)_2\) → Ba\(Cl_2\) + 2\(H_2O\)

The reaction is an acid-base neutralization reaction. Therefore, we can use the following formula to calculate the heat of reaction:ΔH = q/m

where q is the heat absorbed or evolved during the reaction and m is the mass of the substance.

The heat of reaction at constant pressure can be calculated as follows:

First, calculate the number of moles of HCl and .Number of moles of HCl = Molarity × Volume of HCl = 0.5 × (150/1000) = 0.075 mol

Number of moles of \(Ba(OH)_2\)  = Molarity × Volume of \(Ba(OH)_2\)  = 0.2 × (250/1000) = 0.05 mol

Since the balanced chemical equation shows that HCl and \(Ba(OH)_2\) react in a 1:1 ratio, the limiting reactant is\(Ba(OH)_2\) .

Therefore, 0.05 moles of \(Ba(OH)_2\)  will react with 0.05 moles of HCl.

The molar enthalpy of neutralization of HCl is -57.1 kJ/mol.

Therefore, the heat of reaction is given by:

ΔH = n × ΔHmol= 0.05 × (-57.1)= -2.855 kJmol-1

The negative sign indicates that the reaction is exothermic.

Therefore, The heat of reaction at constant pressure when 150 ml of 0.5 M HCl is mixed with 250 ml of 0.2 M\(Ba(OH)_2\)  is -2.855 kJ/mol.

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