Prove that RSA is multiplicative in the sense that
PA(M1)PA(M2) PA(M1M2) (mod n)
Use this fact to prive that if an adversary has a procedure that could efficiently decrypt 1 percent of the
messages from Zn encrypted with PA, then he could employ a probabilistic algorithm to decrypt every
message encrypted with PA with high probability. Describe the algorithm and the probability bounds.
Answers
If an adversary can efficiently decrypt 1% of RSA-encrypted messages, they can decrypt every message with high probability.
The equation PA(M1)PA(M2) ≡ PA(M1M2) (mod n) can be proven by using the properties of modular arithmetic and the RSA encryption scheme. Let's assume that M1 and M2 are two messages, and PA(.) denotes the RSA encryption function with a public key (e, n).
To prove the multiplicative property, we can start with the encryption of M1 and M2:
PA(M1) ≡ M1^e (mod n)
PA(M2) ≡ M2^e (mod n)
Now, let's consider the product of M1 and M2:
M1M2 ≡ (M1^e)(M2^e) ≡ (M1M2)^e (mod n)
Since modular exponentiation distributes over multiplication, we can conclude that:
PA(M1)PA(M2) ≡ (M1M2)^e ≡ PA(M1M2) (mod n)
This shows that the RSA encryption function is multiplicative, as desired.
Regarding the second part of your question, if an adversary can efficiently decrypt 1 percent of the messages encrypted with PA, it implies that they have acquired information about the corresponding private key. In this case, the adversary can utilize this knowledge to decrypt every message encrypted with PA.
The algorithm that the adversary can employ is straightforward: they use the acquired private key to decrypt each message individually. Since the RSA encryption scheme is deterministic, if the private key is correct, the decryption process will always produce the original message.
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Related Questions
Which user has access to the voided deleted transactions tool?
a. Primary admin user
b. standard user
c. accountant admin user
d. company admin user
Answers
Answer: The answer is an Accountant admin user
Hope this helps
Answer:
Accountant admin user
Explanation:
I got it in the test
The most common delimiter is a
-forward slash
-period
-semicolon
-comma
Answers
Answer:
comma
Explanation:
trust me bro
The most common delimiter is a comma. The correct option is d.
What is a delimiter?
Programming languages employ delimiters to define code set characters or data strings, operate as data and code boundaries, and make it easier to comprehend code and divide up distinct implemented data sets and functions.
The values may be separated by any character, however, the comma, tab, and colon are the most often used delimiters. Space and the vertical bar, which is sometimes known as pipe, are occasionally utilized.
With one entry per row, data is organized in rows and columns in a delimited text file. Field separator characters are used to divide each column from the one after it. According to Comma Separated Value, one of the most popular delimiters is the comma.
Therefore, the correct option is d, comma.
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udp and tcp use 1s complement for their checksums. suppose you have the following three 8-bit bytes: 01010011, 01100110, 01110100. what is the 1s complement of the sum of these 8-bit bytes? (note that although udp and tcp use 16-bit words in computing the checksum, for
Answers
The 1's complement of the sum of the three 8-bit binary data 01010011, 01100110, and 01110100 is 10101101. This is achieved by finding the sum of the three bytes (10011001) and then subtracting each bit from 1 to get the 1's complement.
The 1's complement of the sum of three 8-bit bytes is a way to check for errors in data transmission. The 1's complement of a binary number is calculated by subtracting each bit from 1. In this case, the three 8-bit bytes are 01010011, 01100110, and 01110100. The sum of these three bytes is 10011001. To find the 1's complement of the sum of these bytes, each bit of the sum must be subtracted from 1. The 1's complement of the sum of these three bytes is 10101101. This 1's complement can then be used to verify the accuracy of the data transmission. If the 1's complement of the sum of the bytes matches what was received, then the data was transmitted correctly.
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level of lock granularity is the extent of a database resource include with each lock. true or false
Answers
The student's statement: "Level of lock granularity is the extent of a database resource include with each lock" is true because correctly defines the concept of level of lock granularity.
Lock granularity refers to the level of detail or extent to which database resources are included in each lock. Lock granularity can be at a low level (e.g., table row, page, or column), or it can be at a higher level (e.g., table or even database). In the context of databases, locks are utilized to guarantee that data remains consistent and free of anomalies.
Locks are used by a database management system (DBMS) to control concurrency, guarantee isolation, and promote reliability. As a result, lock granularity is a critical consideration when creating a database or optimizing performance.
Lock granularity at a low level (row, page, or column) can lead to increased lock contention and reduced concurrency. This is due to the fact that each lock covers a tiny section of the database, necessitating the acquisition of many locks to complete a transaction. However, high-level lock granularity (table or database) results in a lower level of concurrency, but it also reduces lock contention, which improves overall performance.
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What is the difference between an image created out of pixels and one created out of vector graphics?
Answers
Answer:
A pixel is a single point or the smallest single element in a display device. If you zoom in to a raster image you may start to see a lot of little tiny squares. Vector images are mathematical calculations from one point to another that form lines and shapes.n:
Planning to finance higher education helps people prepare for their financial future because it teaches them about
Loans and interest
Savings and accounts
Filing taxes
Short term goals
Answers
Answer:
savings and account
Explanation:
because that will convince them
Answer:
Loans and Interests.
Explanation:
Edge
Foo = _____myvar; which symbol goes before myvar if it is supposed to refer to the address of myvar?
Answers
The symbol that goes before myvar if it is supposed to refer to the address of myvar is & (ampersand). Therefore, the code for this expression will be Foo = &myvar.
In programming, an address refers to the memory location of a variable. The & symbol, called the address-of operator, is used to obtain the memory address of a variable in C and C++ programming languages.
In the given code expression "Foo = &myvar", the ampersand symbol '&' before the variable "myvar" will give us the address of "myvar". The address will then be stored in the variable "Foo". This is useful when we want to pass the memory address of a variable to a function or manipulate the value at that memory address directly.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. This type of software allows students to record, sort, mathematically analyze and represent numerical data in tabular and/or graphical forms. ___
Answers
Spreadsheets software is a type of software allows students to record, sort, mathematically analyze and represent numerical data in tabular and/or graphical forms.
Why do people use spreadsheets?One tool for storing, modifying, and analyzing data is a spreadsheet. A spreadsheet's data is arranged in a series of rows and columns, where it can be searched, sorted, calculated, and used in a number of charts and graphs.
Therefore, A program known as a spreadsheet, also referred to as a tabular form, is used to arrange data into rows and columns. This information can then be arranged, sorted, calculated (using formulas and functions), analyzed, or graphically represented to illustrate.
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True or false: to display the last twenty lines of the text file, afile.txt, you would type tail afile.txt.
Answers
Answer:
True
Explanation:
I come from a family of lines of text
A(n)
is a central computer that enables authorized users to access networked resources.
A. LAN
B. server
C. Peripheral
D. Application
Answers
Answer:
it's B -SERVER
Explanation:
on odyssey ware
You can change the contents of a StringBuilder object, but you cannot change the contents of a String object.
Answers
Yes, you can change the contents of a StringBuilder object, but you cannot change the contents of a String object.
A StringBuilder object is mutable, which means you can modify its contents. To change the contents of a StringBuilder object, you can use methods like `append()`, `insert()`, and `delete()`. These methods allow you to add, insert, or remove characters from the StringBuilder object.
On the other hand, a String object is immutable, which means you cannot change its contents once it is created. If you want to modify a String, you need to create a new String object with the desired modifications. This is because String objects in Java are designed to be constant and cannot be modified after creation. So, in summary, you can change the contents of a StringBuilder object using its methods, but you cannot directly change the contents of a String object.
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The library is purchasing Argus TL2530P All-In-One Thin clients. What does it mean that the thin clients are 802.3at compliant?
Answers
In this set up, the servers are workstations which perform computations or provide services such as print service, data storage, data computing service, etc. The servers are specialized workstations which have the hardware and software resources particular to the type of service they provide.
1. Server providing data storage will possess database applications.
2. Print server will have applications to provide print capability.
The clients, in this set up, are workstations or other technological devices which rely on the servers and their applications to perform the computations and provide the services and needed by the client.
The client has the user interface needed to access the applications on the server. The client itself does not performs any computations while the server is responsible and equipped to perform all the application-level functions.
Each server handles a smaller number of thin clients since all the processing is done at the server end. Each server handles more thick clients since less processing is done at the server end.
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Write a c++ programm that enter a number from the user and displays Fibonacci numbers from 1 to given number using function
Answers
Answer:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << "Enter number: ";
int number;
cin >> number;
int prevfib = 0;
int fib = 1;
while (fib <= number) {
cout << fib << " ";
int add = prevfib;
prevfib = fib;
fib += add;
}
}
Need help with this
Answers
Answer:
i say B
Explanation:
because u being professional makes ur company look good
Implement a class Address. An address has the following instance variables:
address
address2
city
state
postal code
All of these instance variables are strings.
Create the getters and setters.
Create a default, no argument constructor.
Supply two non-default constructors that accepts the following:
all the address components
all address components except address2
Accept the constructor parameters in the order above.
Supply a print method that returns a String representing the address on one line.
Clarification: All components of the Address should print - however, address2 should only print if one is provided. Your method should not print null if no address2 is provided.
Answers
The Address class contains instance variables, constructors, and getter/setter methods. It can be used to represent an address with multiple fields. The printAddress() method formats and returns the address on one line.
Here's the implementation of the `Address` class with getters and setters, and constructors and a method for printing the address on one line:
\class Address { private String address; private String address2; private String city; private String state; private String postalCode; public Address() { } public Address(String address, String address2, String city, String state, String postalCode) { this.address = address; this.address2 = address2; this.city = city; this.state = state; this.postalCode = postalCode; } public Address(String address, String city, String state, String postalCode) { this(address, null, city, state, postalCode); } public String getAddress() { return address; } public void setAddress(String address) { this.address = address; } public String getAddress2() { return address2; } public void setAddress2(String address2) { this.address2 = address2; } public String getCity() { return city; } public void setCity(String city) { this.city = city; } public String getState() { return state; } public void setState(String state) { this.state = state; } public String getPostalCode() { return postalCode; } public void setPostalCode(String postalCode) { this.postalCode = postalCode; } public String printAddress() { String printAddress = address; if (address2 != null) { printAddress += ", " + address2; } printAddress += ", " + city + ", " + state + " " + postalCode; return printAddress; }}
The `Address` class has five instance variables, which are all strings. The constructor initializes the instance variables to their respective values passed as arguments. The class has two non-default constructors, and the printAddress() method prints the address on one line.
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Son aplicaciones desarrolladas específicamente para realizar actividades otareas que se llevan a cabo en oficinas o en educación.
Answers
Las herramientas ofimáticas son aplicaciones desarrolladas específicamente para realizar actividades o tareas que se llevan a cabo en oficinas o en educación.
Estas son las diversas computadoras y software que se utilizan para crear, recopilar, almacenar, manipular y transmitir digitalmente la información necesaria para realizar tareas básicas en los ámbitos educativos o comerciales.
Al automatizar las operaciones de la oficina, es posible lograr una mayor cantidad de tareas más rápido; además elimina la necesidad de una gran cantidad de empleados; y permite que se requiera menos espacio de almacenamiento de datos.
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Provide an example by creating a short story or explanation of an instance where availability would be broken.
Answers
Incomplete/Incorrect question:
Provide an example by creating a short story or explanation of an instance where confidentiality would be broken.
Explanation:
Note, the term confidentiality refers to a state or relationship between two parties in which private information is kept secret and not disclosed by those who are part of that relationship. Confidentiality is broken when this restricted information is disclosed to others without the consent of others.
For instance, a Doctor begins to share the health information of a patient (eg a popular celebrity, etc) with others such as his family members and friend
s without the consent of the celebrity.
In order to personalize your desktop, you may click on: Start>settings>Personalization . . .
•TRUE
•FALSE
Answers
Use the ______ element to create a generic area or section on a web page that is physically separated from others
Answers
Use the div element to create a generic area or section on a web page that is physically separated from others.
In the field of computers, div can be described as a special container that is used in order to make a specific generic area or a particular section on a web page.
The 'div' element stands for division as this element causes a division to be made on the webpage. The div tags are used for multiple purposes such as web layouts.
It is due to the div element that content can be grouped in a webpage that makes it look more attractive and reliable. Without the div element, data will not be understood properly on a webpage and might be misunderstood by the reader.
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Can you solve this challenging activity? I passed the first test but not all of them.
Answers
Answer: See below.
Explanation: I am not sure if this works, but here is the tuple initialized. This is the way you are supposed to initialize a tuple. Curly braces shouldn't matter but still.
team_names = ('Rockets', 'Raptors', 'Warriors', 'Celtics')
Use the 64-bit long real format to find the decimal equivalent of the following floating-point machine numbers. (a) 1011111111111001001100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 (b) 1011111111111001001100000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
Answers
(a) 3.999923706 and (b) -3.999923706. To find the decimal equivalent of the given machine numbers, we have to first break them into three parts, that is, sign, exponent, and mantissa.
The 64-bit long real format is used to calculate the decimal equivalent of the given floating-point machine numbers.The given floating-point machine numbers are:(a)1011111111111001001100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000(b) 1011111111111001001100000000000000000000000000000000000000000001To find the decimal equivalent of the given machine numbers, we have to first break them into three parts, that is, sign, exponent, and mantissa. The sign part of the number is the leftmost bit, the exponent part is next 11 bits after the sign bit and the mantissa part is the remaining 52 bits.To determine the sign, we have to check the leftmost bit. If it is 0, then the number is positive, and if it is 1, then the number is negative.For part a: The given number is positive. The exponent is 10111111111, and the mantissa is 1110010011000000000000000000000000000000000000000000.To calculate the exponent, we need to convert it from binary to decimal.10111111111 (binary) Answer: (a) 3.999923706 and (b) -3.999923706.\
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when a picture is downloaded off the internet and then posted to social media, can the social media platform tell it was downloaded off the internet
Answers
The ______ feature automatically corrects typing, spelling, capitalization, or grammar errors as you type them. ESC.
Answers
The autocorrect automatically corrects typing, spelling, capitalization, or grammar errors as you type them.
What is autocorrect ?
Autocorrect is a feature of many text editors and word processors that attempts to automatically correct spelling and grammar mistakes as the user types. Autocorrect can automatically change words that are misspelled, replace incorrect words with the correct words, and suggest corrections for grammar and punctuation mistakes. Autocorrect is often used to help make text more consistent and accurate, but it can also be a source of frustration for those who are not familiar with it or who do not like its corrections.
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1) Coding for Table in Html
Answers
See below for the code in HTML
How to code the table in HTML?The given table has the following features:
TablesCell mergingList (ordered and unordered)The HTML code that implements the table is as follows:
<table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width:500px">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="2"><strong>IMAGE</strong></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="2"><strong>name</strong></td>
<td colspan="2" rowspan="1"><strong>first name</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" rowspan="1"><strong>last name</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DOB</td>
<td>yyyy</td>
<td>mm</td>
<td>dd</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Qualifications</td>
<td colspan="3" rowspan="1">references</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<ol>
<li> </li>
<li> </li>
<li> </li>
<li> </li>
</ol>
</td>
<td colspan="3" rowspan="1">
<ol type = "a">
<li> </li>
<li> </li>
<li> </li>
<li> </li>
</ol>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
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What did Executive Order 8802 do?
Answers
Prohibiting federal agencies, all unions, and businesses involved in war-related labor from using discriminatory hiring practices. Additionally, the Fair Employment Practices Commission was created by the order to carry out the new rule.
What is an Executive Order?To better detect cyberattacks on networks used by the federal government. The EO enhances the ability to identify harmful cyber activity on federal networks by establishing a government-wide endpoint detection and response system and enhancing information exchange throughout the federal government.Executive orders, which have the force of law, specify necessary conditions for the Executive Branch. They must be consistent with the authority assigned to the President by the Constitution or a legislation passed by Congress, depending on the circumstances in which they are issued.Abolition of racial segregation in the U.S. military by President Harry S. Truman's Executive Order 9981, the wholesale internment of Japanese Americans during World War II by President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Executive Order 9066 on February 19, 1942, and President Harry S.To learn more about Executive Order refer to:
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How do you access the dark web? What are the negatives of doing this?
Answers
What is an analytical engine?
Answers
Answer:
Analytical engine most often refers to a computing machine engineered by Charles Babbage in the early 1800s.
Is there a website that will reword sentences?
Answers
A website called Wordtune will rewrite sentences and correct grammatical errors.
How is a website defined?A website is a collection of files which can be accessed using a web link, cover a particular topic or subject and are managed by a particular person or group. The website's first page is its home page.
What are the benefits of a website?One benefit of having a site is that anyone can access information about your company and specifics about your goods and services, regardless of where they are in the world or what time of the day it is. The internet is accessible every day of the week, round-the-clock.
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Critical thinking skills can be applied to reading.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
T
F
Answers
Critical thinking means that you do not just accept what an author presents. By reading critically, you read skeptically, questioning the author against your own knowledge and your own world view. Sometimes your ideas will align with an author's.
Answer:
Explanation:
hello i know the answe and the anwer is TRUE
This version of the web evolved to support more dynamic content creation and social interaction.
Answers
Websites that emphasize user-generated content, usability, participatory culture, and interoperability for end users are known as "Web 2.0" sites.
A Web 2.0 enables users to communicate and work together as co-creators of user-generated content in a virtual community through social media discussion. This contrasts with the original generation of Web 1.0-era websites when users were only able to passively consume material. Social networking and social media sites, blogs, wikis, folksonomies, video and image sharing websites, hosted services, web apps, platforms for collaborative consumption, and mashup applications are a few examples of Web 2.0 elements.
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